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• determine the optimal capacity, type, number and location of renewable energy resource • Optimal location of the switch for clustering the traditional DN into a set of interconnected MGs • Considering multiple function contains; operation cost, reliability, network structure and environmental factors together • Considering uncertainty to generate and reduce scenario-based modelling. In this paper, a scenario-based strategy for optimizing multiple microgrids has been proposed by considering the demand and renewable energy sources (RES) unit unpredictability. The approach seeks to determine the appropriate capability, category, number, and position of renewable and controllable distributed RES, and the ideal switch site for clustering the traditional distributed network (DN) into a collection of interconnected micro-grids (MGs) with an economical and trustworthy structure. The suggested solution attempts to minimize all plans, counting asset and process expenses, system loss, air pollution, and the cost of microgrid s' unsupplied energy. The Monte Carlo method was adopted to generate and reduce the scenarios, and the Newton-Raphson method was used for power flow. To optimize the system, we used the improved shark smell optimization algorithm in the simulation. Obtained results of economic and reliability assessment demonstrate that by dividing the traditional DNs into a set of multiple MGs, the reductions in reliability costs and technical costs are provided due to the reduction in losses and the improvement of the voltage profile, thereby reducing the total system costs. Also, obtained numerical analyzes show 0.34%, 0.14% and 0.12% improvement, in comparison to genetic algorithms, particle community and artificial bee colony, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A technique is proposed to treat saline hazardous wastewater by using marine activated sludge, cultivated with sea mud as seed. Since the developed marine activated sludge had phenol-tolerant microorganisms (MAS-1, MAS-2 and MAS-3) which originated from the ocean, it was envisaged that these bacteria could survive and breakdown phenol in saline environments. In this work, typical phenol-tolerant microorganisms were isolated from the marine activated sludge and identified. After a hierarchical acclimation process, the marine activated sludge was used to treat the industrial phenolic wastewater with high salinity. The marine activated sludge was able to break down phenol and other organic components effectively and efficiently in treating the wastewater with salinity of 5.7% w/v. The results showed a high removal of phenol (99%), COD (80%) and NH 3 -N (68%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility is a natural ability of Java objects as they can be easily serialized and transmitted between Java virtual machines, however, mobility is not provided in the standard Java programming environment. We design a metacomputing environment for Distributed, Parallel and Concurrent computing (JDPC) based on the extension to the standard Java library. JDPC supports active objects as the basic units of activity and distribution used for building applications using JDPC. This paper investigates the design, implementation and performance of mobility of active objects in JDPC. The migration is done in a scalable and secure way based-on JDPC. It has the ability to easily migrate computation, especially in heterogeneous environments. Moreover, it can be used for dynamic load balancing and dynamic deployment purposes to gain improved performance and flexibility of distributed applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]