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Based on extensive accumulated evidence and using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, we have developed clinical practice guidelines for the use of acupuncture to treat low back pain (LBP). In the guidelines, we considered the objective and scope of this guide, the diagnostic criteria and syndrome differentiation standards of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine for LBP, the treatment principles of acupuncture, intervention opportunities for acupuncture, and recommendations for use of different acupuncture therapies for acute/subacute and chronic LBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. • Screening for diagnostic markers related to immune cells by bioinformatics analysis. • Uncovering the important roles of immune response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common clinical form of leishmaniasis. Despite its low mortality, CL deserves further attention because its pathogenesis is currently no well-known or well-researched. We downloaded the gene expression datasets of GSE55664 and GSE63931 with respect to leishmaniasis from the Gene Expression Synthesis (GEO) database. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the infection and control groups were identified by packages of R software. The Gene Ontology (GO) function, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) pathway were utilized for the biological functional analysis. Subsequently, we identified the top ten hub genes from protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks based on STRING and Cytoscape software. The hub genes were validated in GraphPad Prism 8.0 using the GSE162760 dataset. Further, CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration proportions between the CL infection samples and the control samples based on the GSE43880 and GSE55664 datasets. The enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly involved in cell-mediated immune responses, such as leukocyte cell-cell adhesion and T-cell activation. STAT1, CCR7, CCR2, and CXCL10 were identified as hub genes with statistical significance. These hub genes showed close correlations with various immune cells, such as M1 cells and CD4-activated memory T-cells. In our research, we used bioinformatics analysis to identify some molecular biomarkers and significant pathways in CL infection. These hub genes may provide new options for future diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve new dihydro- β -agarofuran polyesters, triptregelines A–J ( 1 – 3 and 5 – 11 ) and triptregelols A, B ( 4 , 12 ), together with five known ones ( 13 – 17 ) were isolated from the stems of Tripterygium regelii . The structures were determined on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR, and UV etc. ) and HRMS data. Cytotoxic effects of these compounds were evaluated against a pair of cancer cell lines, A549 and taxol-resistant A549T. Triptofordin B ( 14 ) showed cytotoxicity against both A549 and A549T cells with IC 50 value of 21.2 and 10.8 μM, respectively. In addition, triptregeline B ( 2 ), triptregeline C ( 3 ), triptregeline H ( 9 ) and 1 α , 6 β , 15-triacetoxy-8 α -benzoyloxy-4 β -hydroxy-9 α -(3-nicotinoyloxy)-dihydro- β -agarofuran ( 17 ) exhibited weak cytotoxic effects on taxol-resistant A549T with IC 50 values ranged from 29.4 to 54.4 μM. The cytotoxic effect of triptofordin B ( 14 ) was much less than taxol with IC 50 value of 0.08 μM on A549 cancer cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]