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• First meta -analysis comparing differences in GM composition between ASD and their sibling. • GM composition in ASD may closely resembles that of their neurotypical siblings. • Both ASD and SIB are primarily composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia. • Significant but unstable differences in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria in two group. Previous studies have explored the differences in gut microbiota (GM) between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical controls. However, factors such as diet, lifestyle, and environmental exposure influence GM, leading to significant variability, even among neurotypical individuals. Comparing the GM of ASD individuals with neurotypical siblings, who share similar genes and living conditions, may offer better insights into the GM mechanisms associated with ASD. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the GM composition in ASD by comparing it to that of neurotypical siblings, potentially identifying microbiota that influence ASD. We explored electronic databases up to July 2024, including EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus. Meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 assessed the relative abundance (RA) of gut bacteria from 8 phyla and 4 genera in ASD individuals and neurotypical siblings. Eight studies were included, involving 248 people with ASD and 197 neurotypical siblings. Significant but unstable differences were observed in the RA of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria. No significant differences were found in the RA of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Tenericutes, or Bacteroides, Roseburia, Sutterella , Bifidobacterium. GM composition in ASD individuals closely resembles that of neurotypical siblings, with only a few unstable differences. This suggests that other crucial bacteria or certain interacting environmental factors play a role. Further studies are needed to gather stronger evidence to uncover the differences in GM and their mechanisms in ASD people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy of bumetanide on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been extensively studied, but the results remain inconclusive, necessitating a critical examination to determine its therapeutic role. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis of bumetanide treatments for ASD to explore its efficacy and identify subpopulation that responded positively. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsyclNFO, Web of Science, Clinical Trials.gov, and references in reviews from the earliest available date to September 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified that evaluated the efficacy of bumetanide in improving overall core symptoms (OCS) of ASD. Therefore, nine studies with 1036 participants were included in the study. Bumetanide showed significant effects on OCS of ASD (WMD = － 1.91, p = 0.006), particularly in sub-domains including relation to inanimate objects, adaption to environment changes, auditory response, near sensory responses, anxiety and hyperactivity. Moderating analysis indicated that a significant effect size of bumetanide on OCS of ASD was observed in specific subgroup, including 3–6 years old (WMD = －1.08, p = 0.008), the tablet (WMD = －2.80, p = 0.003), 3-month intervention (WMD = －2.54, p = 0.003), and the single-center studies (WMD = －2.80, p = 0.003). Bumetanide has a large and significant impact on the OCS of ASD. Given the limited number and quality of included RCTs, future research should prioritize conducting large-scale trials focusing on sub-parameters or specific clinical features to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of bumetanide in subpopulations of children with ASD. • Bumetanide showed significant and large effects on the overall core symptoms of ASD. • Bumetanide's efficacy on ASD is influenced by subjects' age, dosage form, duration. • Results of RCTs on bumetanide in ASD are moderated by study designs, measurement tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new neolignan glucosides (1-3), together with four known analogs (4-7), have been isolated from the stems of Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum. Structures of the new compounds including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (-)-(8R,7'E)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetramethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolign-7'-ene-9,9'-diol 4,9-bis-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (-)-(8S,7'E)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetramethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolign-7'-ene-9,9'-diol 4,9-bis-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), and (-)-(8R,7'E)-4-hydroxy-3,3',5,5',9'-pentamethoxy-8,4'-oxyneolign-7'-ene-9-ol 4,9-bis-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been suggested that cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (II) (CRABP(II)) may have a role in the movement of retinoic acid (RA) to its nuclear receptors, thereby enhancing the action of RA in the cells in which it is expressed. RA has also been shown to increase expression of CRABP(II). Previous work from our laboratory has shown that 17β-estradiol (E[sub 2]) administration to prepubertal female rats leads to acquisition of the ability of the lining epithelium to synthesize RA as well as to express CRABP(II). To determine whether this appearance of CRABP(II) was dependent on the production of RA, both E[sub 2] and RA were administered to ovariectomized rats. E[sub 2] administration induced expression of the CRABP(II) gene in the uterus within 4 h, and this induction was not inhibited by prior administration of puromycin, indicating that the induction was direct. In contrast, RA caused no change in CRABP(II) message level, even at times as late as 48 h after administration. Isolation and analysis of 4.5 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the gene revealed no apparent E[sub 2]-response element. Using this portion of the gene to drive expression of the luciferase gene in transfected cells allowed identification of a region containing an imperfect estrogen-response element and estrogen-response element half-site, necessary for E[sub 2]-driven induction. A possible Sp1 binding site in the 5'-flanking region of the CRABP(II) gene was also required for this induction. The ability of E[sub 2] to induce expression of CRABP(II) suggests that it can enhance the activity of RA, directly affecting expression of retinoid-responsive genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of NH 3 on pristine Ti 2 CO 2 (PT) and C-vacancy defected Ti 2 CO 2 (CVT) monolayers is investigated theoretically. The possible configurations are all exothermic because of the negative adsorption energy. The strong interactions between NH 3 and PT, NH 3 and CVT are confirmed by the analysis of charge transfer, adsorption energy, and charge density distribution. TT-CVT monolayer is suitable as a gas sensor for NH 3 detection because of short recovery time and significant resistivity • The adsorption with N atom of NH 3 molecule on the top site of Ti atom is chemisorbed for PT and CVT monolayers. • The strong interactions between NH 3 and PT, NH 3 and CVT are confirmed. • TT-CVT monolayer is suitable as a gas sensor for NH 3 detection because of short recovery time and significant resistivity. • The introduction of C vacancy induces the metallicity of TT-CVT monolayer. Ammonia is one of the major gaseous pollutants and can cause serious diseases to human being and animals. In this paper, density functional theory is used to investigate the adsorption of NH 3 on pristine Ti 2 CO 2 (PT) and C-vacancy defected Ti 2 CO 2 (CVT) monolayers. Different possible adsorption sites have been considered. The results indicate that the possible configurations are all exothermic because of the negative adsorption energy. The adsorption with N atom of NH 3 molecule on the top site of Ti atom is chemisorbed for PT and CVT monolayers, with the adsorption energy of −1.024 eV and −0.879 eV, respectively. The strong interactions between NH 3 and PT, NH 3 and CVT are confirmed by the analysis of charge transfer, adsorption energy, and charge density distribution. However, the very strong adsorption of NH 3 on PT monolayer results in the difficulty of desorption. The introduction of C vacancy results in the closing of the band gap, and CVT and TT-CVT (the N atom of NH 3 molecule vertical to CVT on the top site over Ti) monolayers are all metallic. The electronic properties of PT and CVT monolayers have little change after the adsorption of NH 3 molecules. TT-CVT monolayer is suitable as a gas sensor for NH 3 detection because of short recovery time and significant resistivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article cites that increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH researchers screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization center. Thirty-six embryos were biopsied and 38 blastomeres were removed. The successful rate of fixation is 92.1%.

Abstract: Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes wilt diseases in hundreds of dicotyledonous plant species. Previous research has demonstrated that the secretome plays an important role in the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. In this study, the specific secreted protein gene (VdSSP1) in highly virulent defoliating V. dahliae strain VDG1 was cloned, and considered to be a secreted protein by signal peptide activity assay. VdSSP1 deletion mutants in VDG1 significantly compromised virulence, and the fungal growth decreased in media with pectin and starch as carbon sources. Pathogenicity and carbon utilization were restored upon complementation of the VdSSP1 deletion strains or low virulence non-defoliating strain VDG2, which lacks VdSSP1. It is indicated that the virulence role of VdSSP1 is associated with plant cell wall degradation. In conclusion, our data suggested that VdSSP1 is a secreted protein that is engaged in the pathogenicity of the highly virulent defoliating V. dahliae. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents an approach to simultaneously detect sulfamethazine, streptomycin, and tylosin in milk by indirect competitive multianalyte Fluorescence immunoassay (FIA). Microscope glass slides modified with agarose were used for the preparation of small molecule microarrays (SMMs). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates of the haptens were immobilized on glass slides. The system consists of four glass slides containing 96 wells formed by an enclosing hydrophobic mask, which precisely matches a standard microplate. All liquid handling and sample processing were fully automated as 96-wells ELISA format. Monoclonal antibodies against sulfamethazine, streptomycin, and tylosin allowed the simultaneous detection of the respective analytes. Antibody binding was detected by a second antibody labeled with Cy5 generating fluorescence, which was scanned with chip scanner. The detection limits for three analytes were 3.26ng/ml (sulfamethazine), 2.01ng/ml (streptomycin), and 6.37ng/ml (tylosin), being far below the respective MRLs. The system proved to be the first SMM–FIA platform having the potential to test for numerous antibiotics in parallel, such being of considerable interest for the control of safety in the food industry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]