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Four new sesquiterpenoids, conyterpenols A − D (1 – 4), along with nineteen known analogues (5 – 23) were isolated from the aerial parts of Conyza japonica. The structures of 1 – 4 were determined through spectroscopic analysis, while their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Conyterpenol D (4) was a new type of sesquiterpenoid with a seven-membered lactone ring. Compounds 1 – 23 were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages and cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Compounds 3 , 4 , and 12 displayed moderate inhibition against NO production with IC 50 values in the range of 26.4–33.6 μM. And all compounds showed no obvious cytotoxicity against these two cancer cell lines at 100 μM. Unlabelled Image • Four new sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the aerial parts of Conyza japonica (Thunb.) Less. • A new type of sesquiterpenoid with seven-membered lactone ring and benzene ring. • Structure of new compounds were elucidated through various spectroscopic analysis. • The inhibitory activity of isolated compounds against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five new cholestane glycosides, named parisfargosides A–E (1 – 5), were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris fargesii. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of UV, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data as well as chemical methods. The structures of all compounds contained α , β -unsaturated ketone unit. Compounds 3 – 5 possessed a 16,23-cyclocholest skeleton with 6/6/6/5/5 condensed ring, and the absolute configurations of C-16 and C-23 were confirmed according to ROESY spectra with pyridine‑ d 5 and DMSO‑ d 6 as solvents. In addition, the platelet aggregation activity and cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, and SW480) of compounds 1 – 5 were evaluated. [Display omitted] • Five new cholestane glycosides were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris fargesii. • Parisfargosides C–E (3 – 5) possessed a 16,23-cyclocholest skeleton with 6/6/6/5/5 condensed ring. • Platelet aggregation activity and cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The rhizomes of Paris vaniotii were studied chemically for the first time. • Four new spirostanol saponins and one new furostanol saponin were obtained. • The first furostanol saponin with a unique aglycone featuring two trisubstituted double bonds in ring B was isolated. • The saponins were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. The species of Paris genus is a prolific source of structurally diverse steroidal saponins responsible for multivarious biological properties. The first phytochemical investigation on the steroidal saponin constituents from the rhizomes of Paris vaniotii Lévl. led to the discovery and structural characterization of four new spirostanol saponins, named parisvaniosides A-D (1 – 4), and one new furostanol glycoside, named parisvanioside E (5), along with eleven known analogues (6 – 16). Their structures were unambiguously established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. Compound 1 is a rare spirostanol saponin sharing with a C-9/C-11 double bond and a peroxy group located between C-5 and C-8 of the aglycone, whereas 3 and 4 are unusual C-27 steroidal sapoins with hydroxyl/methoxyl at both C-5 and C-6. Furthermore, 5 is the first furostanol saponin with a unique aglycone featuring two trisubstituted double bonds in ring B. All isolated saponins were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production model in RAW 264.7 macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New compounds, isodopene A and isodopene B were isolated from the roots of I. ternifolius. • Isodopene A and isodopene B showed strong (+++) and moderate (++) TOP1 inhibition. • Two chalcones 11 and 12 were firstly found as dual TDP1 and TOP1 inhibitors. • Three compounds 8 , 16 , and 22 acted as TOP1 catalytic inhibitors. Based on DNA topoisomerase IB (TOP1) and tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) inhibition of the ethanol extract of the roots of Isodon ternifolius (D. Don) Kudo (Labiatae), its secondary metabolites has been studied. Two new compounds, an ent -abietane diterpenoid isodopene A (1) and a 2,3- seco -triterpene isodopene B (13), along with 25 known compounds were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations. The enzyme-based assays indicated that 1 and 13 showed strong (+++) and moderate (++) TOP1 inhibition, respectively. Two chalcone derivatives 11 and 12 were firstly found as dual TDP1 and TOP1 natural inhibitors, and showed synergistic effect with the clinical TOP1 inhibitors topotecan in MCF-7 cells. Compounds 8 , 16 , and 22 acted as TOP1 catalytic inhibitors with equipotent TOP1 inhibition to camptothecin (++++). Compounds 7 and 8 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7, A549, and HCT116 cells with GI 50 values in the range of 2.2–4.8 μM. This work would provide valuable information that secondary metabolites from I. ternifolius could be developed as anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]