Search

• The SNARC effect was presented in children at 9 years old and 10 years old. • The SNARC effect was not only a function of long-term memory and WM, but was also related to inhibition. • Cognitive processing should be coded either in a spatial or verbal system. • WM and inhibition in the spatial frame contributed to the magnitude SNARC effect. The SNARC effect is a phenomenon that reflects a close correspondence between the mental representation of numbers and physical space. In this study, we examined the development of the SNARC effect among Chinese school children aged 8- to 10- years old, and the relationships between the SNARC effect, working memory and inhibition. The SNARC effect was assessed with the magnitude comparison task, while working memory and inhibition were respectively assessed with tasks in both spatial frame and verbal frame. The SNARC effect was not observed among 8-year-old children but was present in children at 9 years old and 10 years old. Moreover, correlation and regression analyses demonstrated that working memory and inhibition in the spatial frame, rather than in the verbal frame, contributed to the magnitude SNARC effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A nationwide, representative survey with a large sample size was performed in China. • Low coverage of tuberculosis (TB) awareness among rural-to-urban migrants in China was observed. • The study provides new insight into the role of TB control institutes in delivering TB information. • TB awareness levels are higher in regions with public health system. The aim of this study was to understand how tuberculosis (TB) control institutes raise awareness of TB among domestic migrants in China, specifically whether migrants have received TB information and how they received it. This multi-level analysis included both county-level data and individual-level data covering 31 provinces in mainland China. Multi-level logistic models were used to explore the factors associated with receiving TB information. This analysis included 205 990 migrants from 31 provinces and municipalities. Only 77 460 (37.60%) migrants reportedly received any TB information in mainland China. The center for disease control and prevention (CDC), the center for tuberculosis control (CTC), and the center for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases (CPTCD) were the most likely to provide TB information for migrants in comparison to other types of TB control institutes, such as general hospitals, specialized hospitals, and community healthcare centers. The odds ratios were calculated as: 1.563 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.246–1.959) for CDCs, 1.385 (95% CI 1.063–1.804) for CTCs, and 1.723 (95% CI 1.424–2.085) for CPTCDs. China has not achieved universal coverage of TB awareness. TB awareness levels are higher in regions with CDC, CTC, and CPTCD institutes. Domestic migrants who have moved to western areas are more likely to have received TB information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of conventional electro-Fenton (EF) is limited by the narrow pH range and iron-containing sludge production, while the bifunctional cathodes in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) can realize the synchronous generation and activation of H 2 O 2 , broaden the adaptable pH range and render catalyst easy to recycle, which has gained wide attention in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs). In this review, we summarized the classification of bifunctional metallic composite cathodes in HEF, the preparation and loading methods of catalyst on the cathode, as well as the advantages and the corresponding characterization of the bifunctional cathodes. The approaches to enhance the catalysts performance for H 2 O 2 generation and activation and electrode stability were addressed. The origin, identification and transformation of reactive species in degradation mechanism were explored. Finally, the challenge and trend of bifunctional cathode for HEF was prospected. We hope this review can provide a useful guideline for the design and application of bifunctional cathodes in HEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin, BFO/BVO heterojunction was constructed to improve the performance of the individual semiconductors. The enhanced performance of the heterojunction photoanode was attributed to increase in visible light harvesting, greater current mobility leading to higher current density, low charge transfer resistance, and low recombination rate of photogenerated electron and hole. The BFO, BVO and BFO/BVO photoanodes prepared were immobilized on fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass and characterised using x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), UV–vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy, photocurrent measurement, ultra performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The percentage removal of ciprofloxacin using BFO, BVO and BFO/BVO photoanodes were 56%, 49% and 80.3% respectively. The current density of the heterojunction photoanode were markedly improved when compared to the individual performances of the photoanodes. Also, the BFO/BVO heterojunction photoanode showed stability after repeated usages. Data from UPLC-MS studies was used to propose the degradation pathway, products, and mechanism of the degradation process.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Microspheres of La-doped (BiO) 2 CO 3 have been designed and fabricated. • Localized excess electrons on La-doped (BiO) 2 CO 3 has been achieved. • The La-doped (BiO) 2 CO 3 could effectively suppress toxic intermediate NO 2. • The selectivity and activity of photocatalysis can be improved simultaneously. • The reaction pathway of photocatalytic NO oxidation has been revealed. Photocatalysis technology has been extensively adopted to abate typical air pollutants. Nevertheless, it is a challenge to develop photocatalysts aiming to simultaneously improve photocatalytic selectivity and efficiency. In this study, to improve the photocatalytic selectivity and the performance of (BiO) 2 CO 3 in the oxidation of NO to target products (NO 2 − /NO 3 −), we developed a novel method to construct La-doped (BiO) 2 CO 3 (La-BOC) for forming localized excess electrons (Ex) on (BiO) 2 CO 3 surface. The results indicate that the Ex could effectively accelerate the activation of reactants and promote charge separation and transfer. Under visible light, the gas molecules could capture the Ex and get activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with high oxidation ability, which enables complete oxidation of NO to target products instead of producing other toxic by-products. Due to the functionality of the Ex, the photocatalytic selectivity and efficiency of La-BOC have been synchronously improved. Combining experimental and theoretical methods, this work unravels the pathway of charge carriers transportation/transformation and elucidates the photocatalytic NO oxidation mechanism. The present work could provide a novel method to improve photocatalytic selectivity and activity for safe air pollutant abatement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]