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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2006.05.002 Byline: Gordon M. Winder Abstract: The McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. displayed its harvesting machinery at world fairs and agricultural fairs, using these events to build respectability for its machines and in support of sales and advertising claims. Records of the company reveal the firm's competitive behaviour at these fairs and their associated field trials for agricultural machinery. Analysis of company advertisements, catalogues, and correspondence on fairs and field trials reveals the way McCormick used these events, the extent and nature of international competition, and the nature of the world stage for industrial competition. Cyrus Hall McCormick, founder of the company, learning from his Crystal Palace success of 1851 and his even earlier experience with fairs in the USA, represented his reaper as a global product, made in America and internationally successful. Indeed, at the fairs McCormick's machines were embroiled in internecine warfare among an international brotherhood of manufacturers in pursuit of common goals and using a common repertoire of tactics, if not identical machines. This is because 'American harvesting machines' were a trans-national phenomenon. The paper concludes that globalisation was occurring in harvesting machinery and suggests that problems emerge from considering international competition in this industry as a contest among distinct national economies. Author Affiliation: School of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

• Introduces, defines and sets the scope for a new approach in urban studies: "urban ethics". • Identifies a new conjuncture of ethics. • Relates urban ethics to social creativity, urban governance, moral economies, and social and environmental justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study re-examines the marine spatial planning (MSP) process for Germany's North Sea exclusive economic zone (EEZ), one of the earliest European examples of MSP. It does so in order to answer whether in this case MSP was an example of post-political planning (Swyngedouw, 2010; Tafon, 2018; Tafon et al., 2018). Building on earlier research (Jay et al., 2012; Kannen, 2014), the analysis adopts a political ecology perspective, and uses a stakeholder analysis and interviews to identify main actors in the MSP process and their interests in and perceptions of the North Sea, its management and the MSP process. The results confirm earlier research that MSP was used strategically to facilitate offshore wind energy development at the expense of other uses. MSP resolved some matters of spatial competition but not all, and solved few underlying conflicts, since these involve deep-seated tensions among diverse actor perceptions of the North Sea and its management. The research finds the German North Sea EEZ remains a politicized environment, in which MSP is a post-political approach to planning. The research highlights inter-agency tensions and politics as further signs that MSP as post-political planning has not eliminated politics in sea management. • Analyses actor perceptions of and interests in the German North Sea area. • Confirms earlier findings of a strategic use of MSP at the expense of some uses. • Reveals the German MSP as a post-political approach to planning. • MSP solved few underlying conflicts so that the sea remains politicized. • Attention must be paid to inter-agency tensions and politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]