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Point cloud data extraction is an important process in scan-tracking measurement. In this paper, a new method of on-line three-dimensional point cloud data extraction for scan-tracking measurement is proposed for reducing extremely dense sampled data while maintaining data accuracy during the real-time scan-tracking measuring process. It is inspired from sketch paintings: First outlining the broad contour of the curve and then revising local details till the interpolated curve satisfies the required accuracy. This method adopts bi-Akima spline interpolation for connecting acquired points in NC machining or for point data fitting in reverse engineering. It can reduce efficiently the amount of point data with a smaller data reduction ratio and a smoother machined/fitted surface than conventional three-dimensional chordal method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper proposes an advanced M/T method called Relay-style Digital Speed Measurement Method. Its speed measurement is triggered by encoder pulse signals, which simplifies the complexity of processing incapability of synchronization in the classical method, and it makes actual sampling point always occur before the periodic sampling point in relay-style, which achieves the continuous dynamic iterative measurement with high accuracy in a wide speed range. Through counting the overflow pulses of time counter by software, the minimally measurable speed can be effectively extended to an extremely low level without adding any hardware. In addition, by utilizing the information in speed measurement and subdividing dynamic position by time according to its corresponding relationship with time, Dynamic Position Subdivision Method is achieved to improve the feedback resolution of dynamic position. Finally, the experimental results show that Relay-style Digital Speed Measurement Method can obtain high accuracy than classical method in a wide speed range even though at a very low speed Dynamic Position Subdivision Method is helpful to reduce the fluctuations of the position control. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the optimal design of motion control for scan tracking measurement using Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) neural networks in order to improve the measuring efficiency while maintaining the measurement accuracy, and to achieve friction compensation. Aiming at the effect of geometric shape and material friction of the model surface on the precision and efficiency of scan tracking measurement, technologies of model surface geometric and friction feature identification and quantification are researched. A novel optimal motion controller for scan tracking measurement is designed and realized, which automatically predicts the surface features (including geometric feature and friction feature) and adjusts the scan tracking velocity in advance. The approach to friction quantification and compensation in measuring process is given specifically. Finally, through Matlab simulation experiments, the realizability and application effect of the studied optimal motion control method for scan tracking measurement are verified, and the measuring efficiency is increased by 123.33%. Simulation results show that the proposed motion controller is an effective way to enhance the measurement efficiency remarkably compared with the traditional control strategy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• We present an efficient closed-form representation of molar Gibbs free energy for gaseous substances. • Present molar Gibbs free energy calculation model only involves three molecular constants. • We excellently predict molar Gibbs free energy values for the gases Cl 2 , Br 2 , and HCl. We develop a new closed-form representation for the molar Gibbs free energies of gaseous substances. The predicted molar Gibbs free energies are in excellent agreement with the experimental data in a wide temperature range for three gases under consideration, and the average absolute deviations of the predicted results from the experimental data are 0.06155%, 0.0708% and 0.16696% for the gases Cl 2 , Br 2 , and HCl, respectively. The proposed model is away from the need of a large amount of experimental spectroscopy data, and only related to the dissociation energy, equilibrium bond length, and equilibrium vibration frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • We present an efficient closed-form representation of molar enthalpy for gaseous substances. • Present molar enthalpy calculation model only involves four molecular constants. • We excellently predict molar enthalpy values for the CO, HCl, and BF gases. Abstract We present a universal efficient closed-form representation for the molar enthalpy of gaseous substances. The predicted molar enthalpy values show excellent agreements compared to the experimental data in a wide temperature range for the gases CO, HCl, and BF. The proposed model is away from the need of plenty of experimental spectroscopy data, and depends on only four molecular constants, for which the experimental values can be easily found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Calcium (Ca2+) acts as a second messenger and constitutes a complex and large information exchange system between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria; this process is involved in various life activities, such as energy metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has suggested that alterations in Ca2+ crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria, including alterations in ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ channels and related Ca2+ regulatory proteins, such as sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calnexin (CNX), are closely associated with the development of kidney disease. Therapies targeting intracellular Ca2+ signaling have emerged as an emerging field in the treatment of renal diseases. In this review, we focused on recent advances in Ca2+ signaling, ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ monitoring methods and Ca2+ homeostasis in the development of renal diseases and sought to identify new targets and insights for the treatment of renal diseases by targeting Ca2+ channels or related Ca2+ regulatory proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (+)-Borneol, a bicyclic monoterpene, has been shown to possess valuable biological properties and potential as a pharmaceutical agent due to anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and GABA receptor-enhancing functions; it also enhances the permeability of the blood brain barrier to improve the efficacy of CNS drugs. In this study, we have developed a simple, selective, and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the assay of (+)-borneol in rat plasma. Verapamil was used as an internal standard. Plasma samples were deproteinized using methanol. The analyte was detected by a mass spectrometer with positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization by multiple reaction monitoring mode for transitions at m / z [M + H]+ 137.2 → 81.0 for (+)-borneol and 455.2 → 165.1 for verapamil. The method has been fully validated to ensure good selectivity, a satisfactory lower limit of quantification at 10.0 ng/mL, acceptable intra- and inter-day accuracy, and high precision. The method was used for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of (+)-borneol in Sprague-Dawley rats after intravenous, oral, and sublingual administration. The results indicate that oral bioavailability of (+)-borneol was extremely low but sublingual administration yielded rapid absorption and favorable bioavailability of (+)-borneol. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • A simple, selective, and rapid LC-MS/MS method was validated for quantify (+)-borneol in rat plasma. • The sensitive, robust and high throughput method has been sucessfully applied for a pharmacokinetic study. • The pharmacokinetic profile of (+)-borneol as a stereoisomer was first reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 90 NAC transcription factors (TFs) were identified in the eggplant genome. • Conserved motifs, conserved domains and gene structure of SmNAC genes were resolved. • Chromosomal location, gene replication and synteny of SmNAC genes were investigated. • Expression patterns of SmNAC genes were analyzed in vegetative and reproductive organs, at different developmental stages. • qRT-PCR analyses of ATAF subfamily members, exhibited a large diversity in the regulation of different abiotic stresses. NAC proteins, as one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors, play key roles in plant growth, development process, and various abiotic/biotic stresses. In this study, 90 NAC transcription factors (TFs) were identified in the eggplant genome, among them, 80 NAC genes from eggplant (SmNAC) were anchored unevenly in 12 chromosomes, but 10 SmNAC genes were mapped on unanchored scaffolds. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that only fifty-nine SmNAC genes were divided into 14 different subfamilies. Gene structure analysis revealed that the number of exons ranged from 1 to 16. Motif analysis revealed that the identified SmNAC transcription factors included the conserved NAC domain and motif2 was the conserved motif. In aspects of gene duplication analysis, five pairs of tandem replications and three pairs of fragment replications were identified in eggplant genome. Subsequently, 49 SmNAC genes were collinear with NAC genes from Arabidopsis or tomato, moreover, seven SmNAC genes were collinear with NAC genes in other two species. In addition, expression patterns of SmNAC genes were analyzed in vegetative and reproductive organs, at different developmental stages. Nine genes were not expressed in all of the examined developmental stages, 36 SmNAC genes were ubiquitously expressed in all eggplant organs/tissues, but differentially expressed in different tissues, and other 45 SmNAC genes detected in some tissues declared their involvement in the growth and development of certain tissues. Following further qRT-PCR analysis of SmNAC19, SmNAC31 and SmNAC75 , belonging to ATAF subfamily, exhibited a large diversity in expression patterns, indicating their involvement in the regulation of different abiotic stresses. This study would help to further understand and enrich the physiological function of the SmNAC gene family in eggplant, and could provide high-quality genetic resources for eggplant genetics and breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A sensitive and highly selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of ciclesonide (CIC) and its active metabolite, desisobutyryl-ciclesonide (des-CIC), in human plasma. Plasma samples were extracted using methyl tert-butyl ether with mifepristone as an internal standard (IS). Separation was carried out on a C18 column using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid solution and methanol as the mobile phase with linear gradient elution. The detection was operated with positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) by selective multiple reaction monitoring (SRM). The chief benefit of the present method was the high sensitivity, with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) as low as 10pg/mL and the linearity ranging from 10 to 10,000pg/mL for both CIC and des-CIC. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to determine CIC and des-CIC simultaneously in human plasma and proved to be suitable for phase I clinical pharmacokinetic study of inhaled ciclesonide in healthy Chinese volunteers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]