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Zero thermal expansion (ZTE) materials have great application prospects benefited by the inhibition of thermal shock and dimensional mismatch. Herein, a novel self-compounded Fe 1- x Co x S composite was obtained by a simple low-temperature annealing method. The second non-stoichiometric phase with a few cation vacancies from the thermal annealing is key to optimizing the thermal expansion behavior. The negative thermal expansion (NTE) region of one phase overlaps the positive thermal expansion (PTE) region of another phase to achieve low expansion in the wide temperature zone. As a result, the obtained Fe 0.94 Co 0.06 S sample displays near ZTE covering a wide temperature range (α L = 1.9 ppm/K, Δ T = 176 K) by annealing. Furthermore, the synergistic effect from the self-compounded composite can effectively avoid thermal mismatch compared to the traditional composites with matrix and filler. This study provides a new strategy for regulating the thermal expansion of transition metal chalcogenide materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of chemotherapy and phototherapy has become a promising cancer treatment strategy. In this study, a pH/NIR dual-responsive hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) based nanocarrier for co-delivering doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG) was developed. DOX was loaded for chemotherapy and ICG for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). This system targets the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in over-expressing human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) by linking HMSNs and lactobionic acid (LA)-modified dialdehyde chitosan (DACS) via Schiff base bonds. It is demonstrated that HMSNs-DACS-LA have been successfully prepared through various physical characterizations. Drug release tests revealed that it had the characteristics of properties of pH/NIR dual-responsive. In vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity assay showed that ID@HMSNs-DACS-LA could target HepG2 cells and reduced the activity of tumor cells. Therefore, co-delivery of ICG and DOX via HMSNs-DACS-LA nanocarriers may provide a feasible strategy for tumor-targeted combined chemotherapy and phototherapy. Preparation of ID@HCL with dual-responsive and targeting function can be used for chemotherapy and phototherapy of tumor cells [Display omitted] • A dual-responsive Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles was designed. • Combination therapy could enhance the anti-tumor effect significantly. • Lactobionic acid could improve nanoparticle ability to target tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microbes are important for nutrient cycling and ecosystem functions in diverse farmland systems. Intercropping systems alter the soil microbial community structure and boost metabolic function via biological interactions between species. However, the responses of microbial communities to nutrient limitation under intercropping conditions remain unclear. In this study, intercropping of proso millet and mung bean was used to investigate the microbial community structures and metabolic characteristics of both species rhizospheres. The relationship between microbial communities and nutrient limitation was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Compared with single cropping, the potential nitrogen (N) limitation of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of both species was more intense in intercropping. Linear regression analysis of soil nutrients, microbes, and threshold elemental ratios directly supported this finding. The soil microbial community diversity and composition were significantly affected by intercropping. Redundancy analysis revealed that total carbon:total nitrogen (TC:TN) and β–1,4–glucosidase: (β–1,4–N–acetylglucosaminidase + leucine aminopeptidase) (BG: (NAG + LAP)) ratios were key factors influencing bacterial and fungal community structure. Intercropping altered the topological network properties of soil microbial communities; the ecological connectivity of bacterial taxa was tighter than that of fungi. As dominant microbial communities, the increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria in intercropped mung bean and decreased relative abundance of Ascomycota in intercropped proso millet was conducive to regulating microbial metabolic limitations. Our results highlighted the close relationship between microbial communities and nutrient limitation, improving our understanding of the degree of plant–soil interactions from the perspective of microbial metabolism in proso millet/mung bean intercropping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterial-microorganism biohybrids aim to synergistically harness the high efficiency of inorganic materials alongside the remarkable selectivity and self-replication capabilities of microorganisms, thereby effectuating the conversion of CO 2 into valuable multicarbon products. To establish a triumphant biohybrid system, it is crucial for microorganisms to efficiently utilize electrons or reducing equivalents from electrodes or photocatalysts for CO 2 metabolism. Nanomaterial characteristics, abiotic-biotic interfaces, and electron transfer pathways play decisive roles in the system's efficiency. In this review, we focus on the research advancements of CO 2 conversion biohybrids across diverse nanomaterial compositions, emphasizing the bio-inorganic interfaces, electron transfers, and system efficiency. We begin by summarizing the carbon electrodes, doped-carbon electrodes, and metal electrodes that form the crux of electrode-microorganism biohybrids. Subsequently, we discuss the progress on metal-based photocatalysts, metal-free photocatalysts, and nanocomposite photocatalysts, especially CdS, for nascent photocatalyst-microorganism biohybrids. In the following section, we detail the key developments in photoelectrode-microorganism biohybrids, including novel system architectures, morphology modification, and advanced electrode materials. Finally, we outline how to design biocompatible nanomaterials to realize the exalted goal of efficient CO 2 conversion in biohybrids. [Display omitted] • Nanomaterial-microorganism biohybrids unite the best attributes of two components. • Carbon, doped-carbon, and metal compose typical electrode-microorganism biohybrids. • CdS, g-C 3 N 4 , and nanocomposite merge with microbe forming light-driven biohybrids. • Material and morphology refinement improve photoelectric biohybrid efficiency. • Nanomaterial design covers stability, conductivity, surface and optical features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-soluble polysaccharide identified here as ADP80-2 was acquired from Angelica dahurica. ADP80-2 was a gluco-arabinan composed of arabinose and a trace of glucose with a molecular weight of 9950 g/mol. The backbone of ADP80-2 comprised →5)- α -L-Ara f -(1→, →3, 5)- α -L-Ara f -(1→, →6)- α -D-Glc p -(1→, with a terminal branch α -L-Ara f -(1 → residue. In terms of immunoregulatory activity, ADP80-2 can significantly promote the phagocytosis, the production of nitric oxide (NO), and the secretion of cytokines (IL-6, IL-1 β , and TNF- α) of macrophage. In addition to the cellular immunomodulatory activities, the chemokines related to immunoregulation were significantly increased in the zebrafish model after treated with ADP80-2. These biological results indicated that ADP80-2 with immunomodulatory effects was expected to be useful for the development of new immunomodulatory agents. Simultaneously, the discovery of ADP80-2 further revealed the chemical composition of A. dahurica used as a traditional Chinese medicine and spice. [Display omitted] • An active polysaccharide ADP80-2 was isolated from Angelica dahurica. • ADP80-2 was a gluco-arabinan without triple helix conformation in solution. • ADP80-2 showed prominent immunomodulatory activity both in vivo (zebrafish embryo) and in vitro (RAW264.7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Silver/lignin/PAA hydrogels with high catalytic efficiency. • Well distribution and controllable size of silver nanoparticles. • Long-term catalytic performance under fixed-bed condition. • Realistic large-scale production and application value. As the second largest natural polymer in nature, lignin has a large amount of reserves and has important practical application value, which has attracted increasing attention. Ag@LPAH, a nanometer silver catalyst with a 3D structure, was successfully prepared in a simple operation. In batch experiment and fixed-bed experiment, it showed excellent catalytic degradation ability and stability of 4-NP. Thanks to the large number of carboxyl groups present in the lignin-polyacrylic acid hydrogel, the silver nanoparticles are well controlled to grow with no agglomeration. Ag@LPAH-20 exhibited optimal catalytic performance and stability, requiring only 123 s to complete the reaction and maintaining 99% catalytic efficiency after 10 cycles. In addition, the catalytic efficiency can be maintained over 90% for more than 120 min in fixed bed experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin, as the second largest natural polymer in nature, has great practical application value. Three-dimensional silver/lignin/PAM hydrogels have been successfully prepared via a rapid and convenient assembly process, showing good catalytic hydrogenation ability and stability in batch and dynamic catalytic processes of p -nitrophenol. It can be seen from the characterization results that abundant amino groups in the catalyst carrier can disperse silver ions homogeneously and limit the growth of silver nanoparticles in the reduction process with sodium borohydride. At room temperature, the catalytic process can be completed in about 5 min by using this catalyst and can maintain about 100 min of efficient catalysis in the dynamic catalytic experiment, the conversion rate can reach about 80%. After 10 times use, the catalyst still maintained good catalytic performance and the conversion rate could be kept at 97%. Recyclable silver/lignin/PAM hydrogels with high dynamically catalytic performance of p -nitrophenol. Unlabelled Image • Silver/lignin/PAM hydrogels with high catalytic stability • Controllable silver nanoparticles size growth and distribution • Stable and high catalytic performance under batch and fixed-bed condition • Reliable realistic application value for large scale preparation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently used to treat addiction, with the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as one promising target. The anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) is also a potential target, as it carries fiber tracts connecting the mesocorticolimbic circuits that are crucially involved in several psychiatric disorders, including addiction. Stimulating the NAc and ALIC simultaneously may have a synergistic effect against addiction. Methods Eight patients with a long history of heroin use and multiple relapses, despite optimal conventional treatments, were enrolled. Customized electrodes were implanted through the ALIC into the NAc, and deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment began two weeks after surgery. The patients were followed for at least 24 months. The duration of drug-free time, severity of drug cravings, psychometric evaluations, and PET studies of glucose metabolism before and after DBS were conducted. All adverse events were recorded. Results With DBS, five patients were abstinent for more than three years, two relapsed after abstaining for six months, and one was lost of follow-up at three months. The degree of cravings for drug use after DBS was reduced if the patients remained abstinent (p < 0.001). Simultaneous DBS of the NAc and ALIC also improved the quality of life, alleviated psychiatric symptoms, and increased glucose metabolism in addiction-related brain regions. Moreover, stimulation-related adverse events were few and reversible. Conclusions Simultaneous DBS of the NAc and ALIC appears to be safe, with few side effects, and may prevent long-term heroin relapse after detoxification in certain patients. (This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT01274988). Highlights • Bilateral NAc and ALIC were simultaneously stimulated in heroin addicts for preventing relapse after detoxification. • Five of eight patients have kept abstinent for more than 3 years, with few side effects. • Decreased cravings for drug use, improved quality of life and alleviated mental disorders were observed. • Simultaneous DBS of NAc and ALIC appears to be safe, and produces long-term effects for preventing heroin relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kraft lignin (KL) is an industrial byproduct of pulp preparation from woody biomass and is mainly burned for energy recovery. To explore value-added applications of KL, it was first acetylated, and acetylated lignin (AcL) was combined with poly(N,N -dimethylacrylamide) to prepare tough lignin hydrogels crosslinked by hydrophobic lignin domains via a simple solvent exchange method. The AcL hydrogels (AcLGs) with optimum mechanical properties have a high tensile strength of 1.7 MPa, large Young's modulus of 1 MPa, and super high fracture energy of ∼47600 J m−2. The Young's modulus and tensile strength of AcLG are 60 and 6 times higher than those of the pristine KL based hydrogel, respectively. AcLG had a weak inhibitory effect on Chinese hamster lung cell proliferation. Owing to its good mechanical properties and noncytotoxicity, AcLG has excellent potential as a biomedical material. [Display omitted] • A simple acetylation method largely activates kraft lignin in hydrogel preparation. • Multienergy dissipative structure contributes to mechanical properties improvement. • Kraft lignin hydrogels have little inhibition on cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of heat are required in areas such as food processing and textile industries to maintain equipment in the medium-temperature zone 393–573 K. However, thermal storage materials that work at this temperature are rare. Hexagonal iron sulfide FeS exhibits a solid-state phase transition at 420 K, accompanied by a high entropy change. The quenched FeS is unstable when subjected to a thermal cycling test, and the related entropy change declines. A secondary hexagonal phase with Fe deficiency was confirmed by neutron powder diffractions. Annealing FeS at temperatures slightly higher than T t can accelerate the formation of the secondary phase. Once the sample is stabilized, the entropy change is no longer changeable. The thermally stabilized FeS sample exhibits a relatively high thermal storage density up to 136 J/cm3. This work suggests a new solid candidate for the application of solid-state phase transition latent heat energy storage in the medium-temperature region. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the expression patterns and functional roles of microRNA 127 (miR-127) and its target gene Formin-Like 3 (FMNL3) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to compare miR-127 expression between ESCC cell lines and normal esophageal epithelium cell line, as well as paired ESCC tumors and adjacent normal esophageal tissues in 33 patients. We found miR-127 was aberrantly downregulated in both ESCC cell lines and human ESCC tumors. In ESCC cell lines TE-1 and ECA109 cells, lentiviral-induced miR-127 upregulation markedly inhibited cancer proliferation and migration in vitro , and tumorigenicity in vivo. Through dual-luciferase assay and qRT-PCR, FMNL3 was confirmed to be the downstream target gene of miR-127 in ESCC. Finally, FMNL3 was downregulated by siRNA in TE-1 and ECA109 cells. And we discovered that SiRNA-induced FMNL3 downregulation had tumor suppressive effect in ESCC, inhibiting cancer proliferation, migration in vitro , and tumorigenicity in vivo. These results suggest that miR-127 is downregulated and acting as tumor suppressor in ESCC. Inversely, FMNL3, the target gene of miR-127, is upregulated and acting as an oncogene in ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The vaccine antigens are 4 human papillomavirus type 16 E6 peptides. [•] Candida skin test reagent is the vaccine adjuvant. [•] The partial Langerhans cell maturation effects are due to the peptides. [•] Candida has the T-cell proliferative effect. [•] IL-12 is the most commonly expressed cytokine by the Langerhans cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To study the long-term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) on depression in patients with Parkinson''s disease (PD) and to discuss the mechanism. Methods: A STN–DBS group (n = 27) and anti-Parkinson''s medication control group with paired designing were set up. The evaluation of the depression and motor function was performed a total of six times. Depression was evaluated by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Motor function was evaluated by the third part of the Unified Parkinson''s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III). Results: Compared with the preoperative and the medication control group, the UPDRS-III scores of the STN–DBS group decreased remarkably within 18 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.001), and the SDS scores decreased notably within 6 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.05), and the HAMD scores decreased notably within 3 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.05). The UPDRS-III scores were strongly correlated with their SDS scores within 6 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.05), especially at 5 weeks postoperation (P ≤ 0.001). UPDRS-III scores were also strongly correlated with HAMD scores at 5 weeks postoperation (P ≤ 0.05). The mean value of the bilateral voltages was obviously correlated with SDS and HAMD scores (P ≤ 0.05) within 18 months postoperatively. Conclusion: The improvement in motor symptoms resulting from STN–DBS can improve depression in PD patients, but its long-term effects were unremarkable. Within the treatment range, the higher the mean value of bilateral voltages then the more severe was the depression in PD patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• An arabinofuranan, AQP70-3, was isolated from A. quinata for the first time. • The structure and morphology of AQP70-3 were characterized. • The absolute configuration of monosaccharide of AQP70-3 was characterized. • AQP70-3 showed immunomodulatory effects in cell level. • AQP70-3 was confirmed to possess immunomodulatory effects in zebrafish model. In our continuous searching for natural active polysaccharides with immunomodulatory activity, an arabinofuranan (AQP70-3) was isolated and purified from the fruits of Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. by using ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography for the first time. AQP70-3 contained both α - l -Ara f and β - l -Ara f , and the absolute molecular weight was 1.06 × 104 g/mol. The backbone of AQP70-3 comprised →5)- α - l-A ra f -(1→, →3,5)- α - l-A ra f -(1→, and →2,5)- α - l-A ra f -(1→, with branches of →1)- β - l-A ra f and →3)- α - l-A ra f -(1→ residues. Biological assay suggested that AQP70-3 can stimulate phagocytic activity and promote the levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 β , and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) of RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, AQP70-3 was found to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO in zebrafish embryo model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a new fossil liverwort assignable to the Blasiaceae from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in the Huolinhe Basin of Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. The new species, Blasiites huolinhensis sp. nov., resembles the extant Blasia in having prominent costae, strap-like segments and flask-shaped receptacles. This is the first report of a fossil liverwort with in situ flask-shaped receptacles. Based on the flask-shaped receptacles and its morphological similarities to the extant genus Blasia , the fossil genus Blasiites is assigned to the extant Blasiaceae (Blasiales, Blasiidae). The divergence time of the Blasiales can date back to the Mississippian (323.2–358.9 Ma, Late Carboniferous) according to fossil records of Blasiites. The occurrence of B. huolinhensis fills a major gap in the fossil record of the Blasiaceae in the Mesozoic, and provides additional evidence for the humid environment in the Huolinhe Basin during the Valanginian–Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English vocabulary translation image recognition is the essential system to analyze the text image and recognize the sentence. Many image processing techniques explain the Image recognition of English vocabulary translation in image data, but the accuracy is less. So the proposed Neural Network (NN) is introduced in this system. In this system analysis, the text input image enhances the input image quality and extracts the feature. To develop a Neural Network (NN), it is essential to analyze the solution process based on image processing technology and many appropriate problems. In the previous technique is very difficult to explain the input image to recognize the English vocabulary word. The image is first preprocessed to enhance the input image quality, and the next step to extract the image feature and the text image is classified. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the use of the proposed Neural Network (NN) to solve common problems in Image recognition of English vocabulary translation. This proposed Neural Network (NN) methodology is the analysis. It improves the system accuracy with the help of FPGA Xilinx software. The work demonstrates the classification efficiency of 98.05% and tabulates the values that perform previous results in this widely related research field, giving accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the reachable set estimation problem for discrete-time Markov jump LPV systems with time-varying delays and bounded disturbance. The main consideration is that under zero initial conditions, how to obtain a bound set as small as possible that includes system states. Based on this, by applying a novel summation inequality integrated with the reciprocally convex approach under the framework of the Lyapunov functional method, the delay-dependent conditions are provided to guarantee the presence of an ellipsoid that bounds the system state in the existence of bounded disturbances. Some derived conditions expressed by linear matrix inequalities can be solved via utilizing different computational tools, and the minimum possible ellipsoidal bound can also be determined. Additionally, the obtained results are extensively used in the case with partially known transition probability, and some conditions with more universality are derived. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Late Paleozoic strata are well exposed in Yongchang County, Gansu Province, Northwest China. The strata contain numerous plant fossils. Hence, Yongchang County is a good location to study Paleozoic plants and plate movement. Using well-preserved cordaitean cones and seeds from the lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of Yongchang County, two new species of fossil plants are described, one attributed to the new organ genus Hexianthus ( H. shenii sp. nov.) and the other to the seed genus Samaropsis ( S. shenii sp. nov.). The micro- and macro-scale features of the cones, including the epidermal features of the bracts and scales, are analyzed in the laboratory. Numerous cordaitean cones with helically arranged bracts and scales ( H. shenii sp. nov.) present in the Taiyuan Formation of Yongchang County share similar characteristics with the cordaitean cones which are endemic to the Cathaysian flora. This suggests that the study region was characterized by the Cathaysian flora in the Cisuralian, similar to the Hexi Corridor to the south of the study region. Based on the study of fossil cuticles and their associated plants, the study region of Yongchang County probably had a warm and humid climate during the Cisuralian. In addition, according to the associations between different fossil plants from several localities in Gansu Province (from the Cathaysian flora in the lower Permian to the Cathaysian–Angaran mixed flora in the upper Permian), a possible boundary between the Cathaysian and Angaran floras in Gansu Province can be placed along the Hexi Corridor, which provides important information for the study of floral associations in Northwest China during the Late Paleozoic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide hotlines are widely used, with potential for identification of callers at especially high risk. This prospective study was conducted at the largest psychological support hotline in China. From 2015 to 2017, all distressed callers were consecutively included and assessed, using a standardized scale consisting of 12 elements, yielding scores of high risk (8–16), moderate risk (4–7), and low risk (0–3) for suicidal act. All high-risk and half of moderate- and low-risk callers were scheduled for a 12-month follow-up. Main outcomes were suicidal acts (nonlethal attempt, death) over follow-up. Of 21,346 fully assessed callers, 5822, 11,791, and 3733 were classified as high-, moderate-, or low-risk for suicidal acts, with 8869 callers (4076 high-, 3258 moderate-, and 1535 low-risk) followed up over 12 months. Over follow-up, 802 (9.0 %) callers attempted suicide or died by suicide. The high-risk callers (15.1 %) had 3-fold higher risk for subsequent suicidal acts than moderate- (5.1 %) and 12-fold higher risk than low-risk callers (1.3 %). The weighted sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of high risk scores were 56.4 %, 74.9 %, and 14.4 %. Assessed callers with different risk levels were followed disproportionally. Suicidal risk assessment during a hotline call is both feasible and predictive of risk, guiding resource allocation to higher risk callers. • A comprehensive suicidal risk assessment scale for suicide prevention hotline has been developed. • Of 21,346 fully assessed hotline callers, 8869 callers were followed up over 12-month. • Findings of this prospective study indicate that predictive validities of the scale are acceptable. • Suicidal risk assessment is viable for determination of intervention plan in hotline in resources-limited countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We presented a framework for accurate NPS estimation by coupling satellite and UAVs. • It introduced five high-resolution parameters greatly improving estimation accuracy. • It presented a new NPS "observation" simulation method to verify NPS modeling. • It can solve the problem of global NPS modeling verification in large-scale areas. Quantitatively and accurately analyzing nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution is essential for efficiently preventing the input of NPS loads into inland waters. However, the accuracy of previous NPS pollution models is limited by the accuracy of ground parameter data. In addition, there are few effective methods that thoroughly verify modeling results at large scales. This paper presents a framework for accurate NPS pollution estimation by coupling satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring data, and the results are verified by both field sampling and a newly developed inlet NPS pollution "observation" simulation method. Fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) data obtained by satellite were used to improve the accuracy of the runoff module of the framework. Satellite and UAV data were coupled to acquire livestock data, determine inlets, and identify reservoir buffer zones and vegetation types. These new data were then used to improve the accuracy of the livestock and runoff modules in the framework. The results show that the estimation accuracy of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand with FVC were improved by 39.96%, 69.29%, 54.05% and 47.22% (in relative error), respectively. The high-resolution livestock data acquisition improved the estimation accuracy of the NPS pollution load by 7–53%. The high-resolution inlet extraction improved the accuracy by 3–24%. The high-resolution buffer zone identification improved the accuracy with the estimated NPS pollutant concentration into reservoir decreasing by 60–99%. Finally, the high-resolution vegetation type identification improved the accuracy by 10–72%. The framework performs satisfactorily, which was verified based on the simulated NPS observations with an average relative error of 11.54–24.31%. We found that the FVC, livestock number, and inlet number are key parameters for NPS pollution modeling; the introduction of monthly variation in the FVC makes the modeled NPS pollution load much higher in areas with mature complex forested ecosystems or densely distributed vegetation but much lower in areas with sparsely distributed vegetation. The above methods provide a scientific reference for high-efficiency NPS pollution prevention in inland waters, laying a solid basis for decision-making regarding water quality management in data-scarce regions around the world. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a complex disease, and blocking tumor angiogenesis has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. Here, an exopoly heteropolysaccharide (AQP70-2B) was firstly isolated from Akebia quinata. Monosaccharide composition indicated that the AQP70-2B was composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. The backbone of AQP70-2B consisted of →1)- l -Ara f , →3)- l -Ara f -(1→, →5)- l -Ara f -(1→, →3,5)- l -Ara f -(1→, →2,5)- l -Ara f -(1→, →4)- d -Glc p -(1→, →6)- d -Gal p -(1→, and →1)- d -Rha p residues. Based on the close relationship between selenium and anti-tumor activity, AQP70-2B was modified with selenium to obtain selenized polysaccharide Se-AQP70-2B. Then, a series of methods for analysis and characterization, especially scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), indicated that Se-AQP70-2B was successfully synthesized. Furthermore, zebrafish xenografts and anti-angiogenesis experiments indicated that selenization could improve the antitumor activity by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration and blocking angiogenesis. • A neutral heteropolysaccharide (AQP70-2B) was isolated from A. quinata for the first time. • AQP70-2B was modified to afford a selenized polysaccharide Se-AQP70-2B. • The structures and morphology of AQP70-2B and Se-AQP70-2B were characterized. • Se-AQP70-2B showed better antitumor activity than AQP70-2B against Hela and HepG2 cells. • Se-AQP70-2B could block effectively tumor invasion and metastasis and inhibit angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]