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Here we report a motion-driven electroluminescence (MDEL) device which fully integrates a lateral electroluminescence (EL) device with a human motion energy harvester in an all-in-one device. Triboelectrification on the electrification layer would produce a strong electric field with changing amplitude and direction to trigger lateral EL. A rather low threshold of tribo-pressure ∼20 kPa and tribo-velocity ∼10 mm/s is enough to supply a large electric field around MV/m magnitude, and the luminescent intensity of the MDEL is three times higher than other devices designed without electrodes, which enables high-efficiency mechanical energy harvesting and strong lateral EL. The demonstrated electrode geometry design concept can realize customized, large-area, flexible display and is promising for the development of self-powered luminescence, customized display, personalized identification, anti-counterfeiting, and wearable electronics applications. Image 1 • A motion-driven electroluminescence device integrates a lateral electroluminescence device with a human motion energy harvester in an all-in-one device. • This device enables high-efficiency mechanical energy harvesting, strong lateral electroluminescence and excellent reliability. • Customized luminescence can be easily accomplished by optimizing the electrode geometry, as well as designing desired patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tactile sensors have broad applications in human-machine interfacing technologies. In this work, we report a type of a thin-film-based flexible integrated triboelectric sensing matrix (ITESM) that is of high resolution and large area. It has a total of 3600 sensing units and a resolution of 50 dots per inch (dpi), which are 14 times and 25 times of the state-of-the-art works on the triboelectric sensor array, respectively. When touched by an external object, the ITESM generates a voltage signal in its bit electrode lines and word electrode lines due to the combination of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. With the assistance of a signal processing circuit that filters and amplifies the electric signal, an average voltage signal of 0.4 V can be acquired. Due to the design of a shielding layer, the electrostatic induction among adjacent electrode lines are effectively eliminated, resulting in a near end crosstalk (NEXT) of merely 0.05. As a result, single-point as well as multi-point contacts can be explicitly revealed. Therefore, the ITESM in this work presents a major step in the direction of high-resolution and large-area triboelectric sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstarct An effective, general and reliable surface-charge engineering method is developed for high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators that are based on a pair of identical materials. An average enhancement of up to 35 times is realized after the treatment due to the preserved loaded surface charge. This approach greatly expands the material systems for triboelectric nanogenerators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: GFAP has long been adopted as the specific marker for pituicyte, a special type of astrocyte. GFAP and S100β are two commonly used astrocyte markers. Their immunoreactivities differ in different regions of the brain. To our knowledge this issue has not been studied in pituicyte. In our preliminary study, we found that antibodies against GFAP and S100β stained the pituicytes differently. A detailed investigation with both light and electron microscopic techniques was thus conducted in the rat. At light microscopic level, anti-GFAP and anti-S100β stained 66.78% and 86.78% of the pituicytes, respectively. It was found at ultrastructural level that this difference was cell type specific. The parenchymatous pituicytes could be stained with antibodies against both GFAP and S100β, whereas the fibrous pituicytes were only S100β-immunoreactive. The functional significance of this cell type specificity remains to be elucidated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Hypertonic solutions are mainstay of osmotherapy to cerebral edema. How hypertonic solutions affect healthy brain homeostasis, however, is not fully understood. Using rat model of cerebral edema induced by local cryoinjury, we found with immunohistochemistry that less microglial activation in healthy hemishere 24h after hypertonic saline (HS, 3% NaCl) administration, compared to mannitol (20%, the same osmotic concentration of 3% NaCl) while dehydrating the brain tissue. To see whether blood–brain barrier (BBB) or aquaporin-4 (AQP4) contribute to this difference, HS or mannitol was intra-arterially injected to normal rats, and BBB opening, ultrastructure and AQP4 immunoreactivity were examined. Evans blue extravasation indicated that BBB was opened much lighter in HS group than mannitol group at the same time points. Electron microscopy also showed edema around the capillaries slightly lighter in HS than mannitol group 24h after injection. Meanwhile, HS injection led to AQP4 down regulation in expression similarly as mannitol, compared with NS group. These data suggested that bolus injection of hypertonic agents may lead to microglia activation in healthy brain in different extent, due to BBB compromise, instead of water movement or AQP4 expression. Hence in clinical application, BBB of healthy brain should be considered in perspective to maintain the brain homeostasis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]