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A series of Mo6+-doped Sr 3 (PO 4) 2 /Sr 2 P 2 O 7 : Er3+-Yb3+ was synthesized by coprecipitation followed by heat treatment. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that the annealing temperature strongly influenced the morphology and structure of the material. Under laser-diode excitation wavelength of 975 nm, the green and red upconversion emission intensity as a function of annealing temperature reached its maximum value at 1000 ℃. The green emission intensity of the 3 mol% Mo6+-doped sample sharply increased, becoming about ~143 times higher than that of the undoped samples. Furthermore, the obtained phosphor presented a high temperature sensitivity of S a and S r with a maximum value of 1.05% K − 1 at 363 K and 0.8% K − 1 at 303 K , respectively. These results indicated that the Sr 3 (PO 4) 2 /Sr 2 P 2 O 7 : Er − Yb − Mo phosphor was an efficient upconversion luminescent material suitable for thermal-sensor applications. The selection and control of annealing temperature played a key role in the success of the synthesis and acquisition of the phosphor's desired physical property. Finally, several explorations in this work that enhanced UC luminescence by using the transition-metal ion Mo6+ provided a novel idea to design strong UC emission biomaterials for their medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]