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Abstract: The chemotherapeutic agents used to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), have adverse effects on male reproductive function and progeny outcome. To determine the reversibility of these effects, male rats received a CHOP treatment mimicking human exposure. CHOP reduced testicular and epididymal weights; these remained decreased after 9 weeks recovery. This treatment also decreased testicular sperm number and increased spermatozoal DNA damage. Although sperm production returned to control values after 9 weeks recovery, DNA damage persisted. Decreased litter size, and increased pre- and post-implantation losses were observed among litters sired by CHOP-exposed males. Litter size and pre-implantation loss returned to control within 3 weeks post-treatment and post-implantation loss by 6 weeks. Thus, effects of CHOP on progeny outcome were reversed 9 weeks post-treatment, although germ cell DNA breaks remained elevated. These data suggest that the ability to sire viable progeny may not be a sensitive measure of spermatozoal quality in rats. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] A clonal-based HIV-1 tropism phenotypic assay was developed. [•] Env-pseudotyped viruses were produced by co-transfection of the env-pcDNA3.1/V5HisTOPO expression vector and a backbone pNL4-3.Luc.E-R- in 293T cell cultures. [•] Coreceptor use was tested by infection of U87-CD4-CCR5+ and U87-CD4-CXCR4+ cells. [•] This sensitive clonal based phenotypic assay was able to differentiate between the truly dual-tropic viruses and a mixture of R5- and X4-tropic viruses. [•] Minor variants were always detectable when present at 0.4% or greater in the mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]