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There is a lack of a meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of higher protein intake in addition to the recommended value on body composition post-bariatric surgery. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the effects of protein intake higher than the recommended value on body composition changes after bariatric surgery. Electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Web of Sciences, were searched until July 2023. Studies that assessed the effect of protein intake higher than the recommended value on postoperative body composition, i.e., weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), percent fat mass (PFM), and percent total weight loss (%TWL), were eligible. For each outcome, the mean and standard deviation (for changes from baseline) were used to synthesize the data. Eight trials were included in the current study. The results of the meta-analysis indicated protein intake higher than the recommended value after bariatric surgery led to more weight loss by 4.95 kg (95 % CI: −9.41 to −0.49) and FM loss by 7.64 kg (95 % CI: −14.01 to −1.28) compared with the control group. However, it had no significant effects on postoperative changes in BMI, FFM, PFM, or %TWL. There were no significant differences in body composition between protein sources obtained from diet and supplementation. When data was stratified based on the amount of added protein, we found a significant reduction in weight (MD: −7.80 kg; 95 % CI: −14.50 to −1.10) in patients who consumed protein ≥ 40 g/d in addition to the recommended value. Besides, protein intake higher than the recommended value declined FFM loss in patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) (MD: 6.52 kg; 95 % CI: 0.99 to 12.02). The results of the current meta-analysis indicated that protein intake higher than the recommended value might cause greater weight and FM loss after bariatric surgery than a normal protein diet. However, our findings did not support the role of additional protein in the preservation of FFM, except in patients with LSG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a well-known chronic low-grade inflammation condition characterized by dysregulated adipokine secretion and function. Both CTRP12 and CTRP13 are adipokines that influence glucose and lipid metabolism. We aimed to investigate CTRP12, CTRP13, and inflammatory gene expressions in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from obese women who underwent bariatric surgery in comparison with the normal weight women. This case-control study included 20 obese [body mass index (BMI) > 35–40 kg/m2] candidates for bariatric surgery and 20 normal-weight women (BMI <25 kg/m2) as control group, who underwent elective surgeries. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression levels of CTRP12, CTRP13, and inflammatory genes in SAT and VAT from both groups. We observed significantly higher mRNA expression of CTRP12 in SAT (p = 0.048) and VAT (p = 0.046) from obese patients compared to the controls. There was significantly greater expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 inflammatory genes in SAT (p = 0.013 and p = 0.005 respectively) and VAT (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001 respectively) of obese patients compared to the control group. IL-1β (p = 0.015) and TNF-α (p = 0.014) expressions significantly increased in VAT from obese patients compared to the control group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that CTRP12 expression significantly correlated with obesity indices. Our findings showed that CTRP12 significantly increased in both VAT and SAT of obese group. More importantly, we observed a positive correlation between CTRP12 with inflammatory parameters. These results indicated that CTRP12 might be part of an intricate network for glucose metabolism and obesity-related inflammation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effect of green tea, caffeine and capsaicin supplements on the anthropometric indices in adults. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochran and Web of Science databases were searched up to March 2017. Green tea significantly reduced weight by −0.65 kg (−1.10 to −0.20, P = 0.005), body mass index (BMI) by −0.26 kg/m 2 (−0.43 to −0.10, P = 0.002) and waist circumference by −1.11 cm (−1.99 to −0.23, P = 0.01) but not percent of body fat (PBF) (−1.42%, 95% CI: −3.02 to 0.18, P = 0.08). Caffeine supplement had no effect on weight (−2.99 kg, 95% CI: −7.83 to 1.41, P = 0.18). We observed a significant weight loss after capsaicin supplement (−0.50 kg; 95% CI: −0.90 to −0.11, P = 0.01) but PBF did not change significantly from baseline (0.11%, 95% CI: −0.22 to 0.43, P = 0.51). Green tea and capsaicin supplements have a significant mild weight-lowering effect. On the contrary, it seems caffeine had no effect on weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Several trials have examined the effect of Garcinia cambogia supplement on the weight and body composition, but their results are conflicting. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was designed to determine the effect of Garcinia cambogia supplement on the obesity indices in human randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Methods: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 1th January, 2020, to screen relevant trials. The mean changes in the weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (PFM), and waist circumference (WC) from the baseline were used to conduct the present dose response meta-analysis.Results: In the current study, eight trials (including 530 subjects) were included. Garcinia cambogia supplement significantly reduced the weight by -1.34 kg (95% CI: -2.62 to -0.07, P = 0.03), BMI by -0.99 kg/m2 (95% CI: -1.48 to -0.49, P < 0.001), PFM by -0.42% (95% CI: -0.77 to -0.06, P = 0.02), and WC by -4.16 cm (95% CI: -7.83 to -0.49, P = 0.02) compared with the placebo group. Dose-response analysis revealed that there is a nonlinear association between Garcinia cambogia dosage and changes in the body weight (Pnonlinearity = 0.04) and BMI (Pnonlinearity < 0.001) not PFM (Pnonlinearity = 0.68). There was no publication bias among the studies.Conclusion: Our results suggested that Garcinia cambogia supplement had a significant effect on the body weight, BMI, PFA, and WC as compared with the placebo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]