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Food-grade and sustainable peppermint oil microemulsion was prepared through gradual screening of components for extraction of total glycosides in Rehmannia glutinosa leaves. The optimal microemulsion was: 6:3:1:25.71 (Tween 80: ethanol: peppermint oil: 0.02 mol/L KCl, w-w:w:w). 1 mol/L KCl solution was used for back-extraction to achieve sustainability of microemulsion. Microemulsion could be used at least 4 cycles. To optimize sustainability of microemulsion, negative pressure cavitation-assisted extraction technology was used as an auxiliary method. Which also makes extraction more suitable for large-scale industrial production. Consequently, microemulsion-based negative pressure cavitation-assisted extraction technology was developed. The optimal conditions for technology were as follows: 5.5 of pH, 37 min of time, and 10 mL/g of liquid-solid ratio. The yield of total glycosides was 45.13 mg/g. This newly established technology, as a cleaner alternative approach, can therefore be used to extract total glycosides from Rehmannia glutinosa leaves. [Display omitted] • Peppermint oil microemulsion provides an alternative to organic solvents. • Peppermint oil microemulsion is developed with the advantage of sustainability. • The mechanism of microemulsion in extraction is clarified. • Negative pressure cavitation is suitable for scale up production and cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reverse micellar microemulsion combined with magnetic solid phase extraction (RMM-MSPE) technology was developed for the extraction and purification of juglone from Juglans mandshurica. Reverse micellar microemulsion (RMM) (Tween 80: n-propanol: n-hexane: 0.05 mol/L KCl aqueous solution = 27:13.5:4.5:55; w/w/w/w) was used to extract juglone based on microwave. The optimum conditions were a pH of 5.6, a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 (mL/g), temperature of 40 °C, time of 63 s, and power of 400 W. Graphene oxide/nano diamonds/ Fe 3 O 4 (GO/ND/Fe 3 O 4) was prepared as adsorbent and applied to purify juglone by magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE). The optimum adsorption conditions were time of 14 h, solid to liquid ratio of 30 mg/mL, pH of 5.5 and shaker speed of 200 r/min. Anhydrous methanol provided the best desorption of juglone and the optimum conditions were a desorption time of 16 h, pH of 8, and the solid-liquid ratio of 40 mg/mL. The purity of juglone was 69.08% and the recovery yield was 78.67%. RMM and GO/ND/Fe 3 O 4 could be reused three times and eight times after the first use, respectively. The proposed RMM-MSPE is a green and efficient alternative method for extraction and purification of juglone. [Display omitted] • MSPE was first applied to the purification of juglone. • Proposal of a green extraction and purification technology: RMM-MSPE. • The RMM solvent and adsorbent, GO/ND/Fe 3 O 4 can be recycled and reused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A surface multiple imprinting layers membrane (SMILM) with high affinity was developed. • The imprinting layers are based on dopamine polymerization and boronate affinity. • SMILM possesses multiple recognition sites to adsorb chlorogenic acid(CGA). • The SMILM is an efficient strategy to separate CGA in F. carica fruits, peels and leaves. • The recognition mechanism of SMILM was explored by molecular simulations and NMR. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), known as an important natural antioxidative compound in Ficus carica L, has valuable application prospects on health food, functional food, nutrition and dietary formulations. In this study, a surface multiple imprinting layers membrane (SMILM) was developed and applied to separate CGA from F. carica. Two different imprinting layers were integrated onto the membrane surface in sequence. The first imprinting layer was formed by dopamine polymerization and the second imprinting layer was fabricated by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and boronate affinity. The prepared SMILM with well-oriented multiple recognition sites exhibited high adsorption capacity (52.08 mg·g−1 in 60 min) for CGA and specific selectivity with imprinting factor (IF) of 3.06. Furthermore, the recognition mechanism of SMILM was clarified by molecular simulation and NMR. The SMILM was successfully applied to separate CGA from the fruits, peels and leaves of F. carica with recoveries of 90.22, 83.31 and 84.95 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fruits of wild fig, native to Soon valley of Pakistan, were appraised for phenolic compounds and high-value nutrients. These fruits were shade-dried and extracted with different solvents of varying polarity to recover a wide range of antioxidant components, where hydroxyethanol exhibited highest extraction yield of antioxidant compounds. Among others, hydroxyethanol-derived crude concentration extracts (CCEs) and phenolic rich fractions (PRFs) showed greater amount of total phenolic, flavonoids and superior biological properties. The fruits of tested fruits were found to possess potassium (11.34 g/kg) and calcium (4.19 g/kg) as major elements, glucose (5.63g/100g DW) as dominant natural sugar and acetic acid (2.40 mg/100 g of dry matter) as principal organic acid. There was a considerable (p < 0.05) variation in phenolic content and biological properties of various extracts recovered with different solvents. Furthermore, the biological properties of tested fruits were found to be significantly correlated with their intrinsic total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Based upon the findings of present study, the fruits of wild fig could be treated as promising source of beneficial nutrients and potent phenolic components for their applications in the development of nutrapharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional solid phase extraction (SPE) suffers from a lack of specific adsorption. To overcome this problem, a combination of adsorption method and molecular imprinting technology by polydopamine modification was proposed to realize specific recognition of target compounds in SPE, which is of great significance to improve the separation efficiency of SPE. Cellulose hydrogel beads were prepared by dual cross-linking curing method and modified with polydopamine to make them hydrophilic and biocompatible. Subsequently, cellulose hydrogel-based molecularly imprinted beads (MIBs) were synthesized by surface molecular imprinting technology and used as novel column fillers in SPE to achieve efficient adsorption (34.16 mg·g−1) with specific selectivity towards camptothecin (CPT) in 120 min. The simulation and NMR analysis revealed that recognition mechanism of MIBs involved hydrogen bond interactions and Van der Waals effect. The MIBs were successful used in separating CPT from Camptotheca acuminata fruits, exhibiting impressive adsorption capacity (1.19 mg·g−1) and efficient recovery of CPT (81.54 %). Thus, an environmentally friendly column filler for SPE was developed, offering a promising avenue for utilizing cellulose-based materials in the selective separation of natural products. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A creative dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer (Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs) with good magnetic properties and specific recognition of echinacoside and acteoside was prepared by surface imprinting. Echinacoside and acteoside served as dual templates, 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) was used as a functional monomer, the cross-linker was ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and the selected initiator was azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The prepared Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs were applied to the selective separation and enrichment of echinacoside and acteoside from Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (C. deserticola). The resulting Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), laser particle size scanning and vibration sample magnetometry (VSM). The results of the isotherm adsorption experiment showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs for echinacoside and acteoside were 6.02 and 1.63 mg·g-1, respectively, at 298 K. The pseudo-second-order reaction mechanism showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacities of Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs for echinacoside and acteoside were 4.81 and 0.93 mg·g-1, respectively. The characterization of Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs showed that the imprinted layer with dual-template molecules was wrapped on the outside of the carrier, and the obtained Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs showed good saturation magnetization, desirable capacity for echinacoside and acteoside adsorption, and satisfactory reuse (echinacoside and acteoside maintained relative adsorption rates of 97.5% and 95.8% after five cycles). After separation, the purities of echinacoside and acteoside were 33.50% and 27.00%, respectively. In addition, in the selective adsorption experiment, the synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs showed better selectivity for echinacoside and acteoside than their structural analogs. Therefore, this method proved to be sustainable, rapid and highly efficient for the separation and enrichment of echinacoside and acteoside. [Display omitted] • Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs based on dual-molecular was prepared and characterized. • Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs showed good selective extraction and enrichment for target compounds. • Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs exhibited a good magnetic property for rapid extraction. • Fe 3 O 4 @MCM-41-MIPs was proved to be simple, selective and recyclable material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new method for efficient extraction of psoralen from fig leaves was developed. • The application of resin as catalyst in the field of chemical engineering was proposed. • Extraction yield of psoralen catalyzed by D072 resin was 1.91-fold than before. • The content of psoralen enriched by X-5 resin was 24.8-fold than before. In this study, using fig leaves as materials, strong acidic cation exchange resin of D072 with –SO 3 H functional group was selected as catalyst to promote the conversion of psoralen-glucoside (PO) to psoralen (PSO), and the strong acidic cation exchange resin transformation method (SACERTM) was developed for efficient extraction of PSO from fig leaves. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the yield of PSO was 36.74 mg/g. The transformation efficiency of PO to PSO reached 70.41% using 2 g of D072 resin as catalyst. Then, PSO in fig extract was enriched efficiently by X-5 macroporous adsorption resin (MAR). After eluting with 14-fold of column volume of 70% ethanol at 0.64 BV/h of elution flow rate, the purity of PSO was 24.8-fold higher than before enrichment. The results show that SACERTM combined with MAR purification is an efficient method for extracting and enriching PSO from fig leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]