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Technology solutions and operational implications need a evaluation for their crucial role in tracking and identification methodologies. The growth of objects in Earth orbit have made it more important that every space system can be accounted for to be able manage the collision risk between all space objects. Tracking and identification are intimately related as enhanced tracking capabilities minimizes the need for special identification techniques. For both features, the difference between active and passive systems are discussed. Tracking is primarily optical or radar; which of these that is being used drives the most operationally-relevant identification solutions. For example, radar tags can be made to be respond to the radio frequency (RF) energy from the radar and laser reflectors can be completely passive. Whereas identification aids for use by optical tracking are active light sources (of some selected frequency) requiring a power source. • Technology solutions and operational implications need evaluation and implementation. • Trackability enhancement methods can support optical and radar tracking. • Object identification methods are proposed with both active and passive devices. • The implementation shall be performed at the earliest stage of development possible. • Sustainability and pollution limits shall be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research carried out in the western region of the Santa Cruz province (Patagonia, Argentina), indicates a widespread and simultaneous use of diverse weapons with different launching modes during the Late Holocene. Bow and arrow, spear and/or darts and boleadoras were used as part of adaptive strategies appropriate for a changing environmental context. We recently suggested a prevalence of bow and arrow towards the end of the Late Holocene. The aim of this work is to define a chronology that will allow us to discuss the causes behind the introduction of the bow and arrow and the time it was abandoned. A further goal is to discuss the existence of an immediate replacement of the previous weapons (spears and/or darts) for the bow and arrow. Several factors (social, environmental, ecological and technological) that could explain its beginning, permanence and discard will be analyzed. We are especially interested in emphasizing the short period of its presence in the region, established circa 800/900 BP till 1520 AD as documented by Pigafetta in his chronicle. This work includes the analysis of more than 400 lithic points recovered in different sites within the region. Some of these are related to absolute dates that have been compared with other chronologies of specific technologies from the Late Holocene. Results are discussed taking into consideration the profound changes that occurred in the organizational systems of hunter-gatherer societies during this period. These gave a functional significance to the bow and arrow and other technologies. We consider this work is a contribution to understand the role of new technologies in a changing social context. Thus, we present original data and essential discussion relevant for south American and global archaeological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents selected information systems and technologies supporting management and decision-making processes in logistics companies. Their importance in the correct and effective implementation of services and their impact on customer service were indicated. The article is a synthesis of previously used IT solutions in logistics companies. Individual information systems and technologies were grouped and systematized in terms of their use in specific areas of company's activity. Particular attention was paid to those systems and IT technologies that are used in logistics companies to achieve efficient distribution of goods and improve the level of customer service. Hence, the first part of the article analyzed the application areas of selected information systems and technologies, focusing on material supply planning systems, customer service and optimization of the flow of goods in supply chains. In the second part, attention was paid to the importance and increase of common use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the activities of logistics companies. The analyzes and research carried out allowed, first of all, to systematize knowledge in the field of IT solutions used by logistics companies and to determine their importance in individual areas of their activities. Moreover, they showed their significant impact on decision-making processes and what challenges resulting from logistics 4.0 must be met by modern enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a systematic literature review that examines how the Brazilian agribusiness is adopting Industry 4.0 technologies. The Scopus and WoS databases were utilized for this purpose. The results demonstrate that these technologies have the potential to enhance efficiency and productivity while also contributing to sustainability and competitiveness within the sector. Nonetheless, challenges exist, such as the lack of internet infrastructure in certain regions, the need for workforce training, legal and cybersecurity issues, resistance from farmers, and the requirement for investments. To overcome these challenges, an integrated effort among the government, academia, and the private sector is imperative. The study outlines an agenda of opportunities to stimulate the adoption of Industry 4.0 in agribusiness, including modernizing and evolving the sector, ensuring food security, monitoring and controlling production, traceability, and improving productive infrastructure. In summary, Industry 4.0 has the potential to make a significant contribution to the development of Brazilian agribusiness, but addressing the aforementioned challenges and promoting widespread awareness of the capabilities and benefits of Industry 4.0 is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dutch government implemented the apps 'CoronaMelder' and 'CoronaCheck' to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. They faced many questions on how to responsibly implement such technologies. Here, we aim to develop an assessment framework to support the Dutch national government with the responsible design and implementation of technologies for the prevention of future infectious diseases. Three-stage web-based Delphi process. The assessment framework was developed through two research phases. During the Initial Design phase, a conceptual version of the assessment framework was developed through a scoping review and semistructured interviews with a scientific board. The Consensus phase involved a three-stage web-based Delphi process with an expert community. The final assessment framework consists of five development phases, 10 values, and a total of 152 questions. Technology assessment frameworks help policymakers to make informed decisions and contribute to the responsible implementation of technologies in society. The framework is now available for the Dutch government and other stakeholders to use in future pandemics. We discuss the possibilities of using the framework transnationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, agro-industrial residues have become a viable alternative for a more ecological production of fuels. This research aims to investigate Brazil's participation in the technology developments by using biomass to produce second-generation ethanol. Searches were carried out using technological information contained in patent documents applied worldwide. The results showed an increase in the number of patents applied between 2006 and 2015, but not enough for the sector to reach technological maturity to deal with the great challenges faced by industrial plants on a commercial scale. Public investments have directly impacted the creation of inventions associated with second-generation ethanol. Among the players, Chinese public organizations stand out, as well as North American companies and, to a much less extent, Brazilian universities. Most private companies originated from traditional petrochemical sectors, evidencing a strategic movement of capital already established to meet the growing trends towards biofuels. Despite being the second-largest ethanol producer globally, Brazil has low national technological development. Even though a recent downturn was felt, it is concluded that the sector faces a favorable scenario in the production of biofuels for the coming decades, based on new technological routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome is often characterized by the appearance of several tiny cysts (fluid-filled sacs) in the ovaries. It is the most significant endocrinopathy affecting 8–13 % of women during their lifetime. Within the dynamic domain of women's health, this syndrome is a widespread issue that presents with an array of signs, including insulin resistance, hirsutism, androgen development, and menstrual flaws prompted by genetic, diet/lifestyle, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and environmental toxins. Impaired folliculogenesis, aberrant cortisol metabolism, and genes associated with steroidogenesis contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. Moreover, it combines with various concurrent metabolic and idiopathic conditions specifically type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and infertility. On persuading the reproductive framework of women from ontogeny to menopause, the complexity of the syndrome hereditates generations due to maternal inheritance of hyperandrogenism. The advancement in diagnostic norms paved the way from the Rotterdam criteria to metabolomics, 3D ultrasound, and assisted reproductive technologies. The management and treatment of this hormonal disorder can be prevailed through lifestyle modifications and prompt medications. This review entails the aforementioned benchmarks of the syndrome's complexity and its ongoing research in alleviating its intricate behavioral changes in women from in-utero to menopause. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic pollution of the environment is a serious issue that affects the planet's soil, water, and air, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and living organisms. Bioremediation has emerged as a promising solution for organic soil pollution due to its low cost and simplicity. This review delves into the mechanism of bioremediation, focuses on using microorganisms in the process, and examines different technologies utilized. Additionally, the potential of genetic engineering to enhance the effectiveness of bioremediation was highlighted. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of bioremediation as a solution to organic soil pollution and provides an overview of the different approaches and technologies available. The innovation of this review is to deal with the remediation of organic soil contamination by microorganisms when introducing phytoremediation, genetic engineering methods, and technologies applied in bioremediation. The aim and the novelty are to conferan understanding and resolution for the scientific community of this global concern, which affects practically every aspect of life: agronomy, health, the environment, and the world economy. Climate change, industrialization, and population increase will make bioremediation critical and crucial in the upcoming century. The difference between this work and others is that it provides the reader with a complete tool for understanding all aspects and mechanisms of bioremediation. [Display omitted] • Microbial bioremediation is a sustainable and eco-friendly method for removing persistent organic pollutants from contaminated lands. • Plant assisted bioremediation using plants and their associated microorganisms confers more effectively method • Bioremediation involves complex mechanisms and technologies for dealing organic contaminants • Various promising expected future aspects and opportunities include combination of microbial consortiums and nanobioremediation • Genetic engineering is an alternative that may offer rationally designed synthetic alternatives to be more useful [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is undeniable that energy and technology play a vital role in driving the economic growth of a country. This paper's objective is to check the unexplored causal links between electricity generation and GDP growth in China by using a multivariate framework that contains technologies in the production or processing of goods, gross capital formation, labour force, financial sector development, and primary energy consumption as supplementary factors in growth model using the updated data. Applying new advances in time series data analysis, the study used wavelet coherence and hybrid non-parametric quantile causality approaches to analyze whether these factors predict GDP growth. We observed that technologies, capital formation, labor force, energy consumption, financial sector development, and electricity generation propel GDP growth in China. The quantile causality in mean and variance also corroborates that all these factors are causatives of GDP growth across their entire distribution. The Breitung-Candelon Spectral Granger-causality method further sustains the robustness of these results. Our findings provide valuable insight to policymakers to pave the way for these causative factors, mainly promoting electricity projects and adapting new technologies to propel economic growth in China. [Display omitted] • We checked the causal links between electricity generation and GDP growth in China. • We used wavelet coherence and a hybrid non-parametric quantile causality approach. • We observed that electricity generation propels GDP growth. • Technologies in the production or processing of goods drive GDP growth. • Financial development, capital formation, & labor force are positive factors of GDP growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• More than 80 main welfare issues for sheep and goats' systems were identified. • Stakeholders' engagement gave an overall welfare issue prioritisation by species. • Four broad categories of welfare indicators based on welfare issues were defined. • 24 technologies potentially able to monitor welfare indicators were identified. • Very few technologies identified could be used currently on commercial farms. Small ruminant (sheep and goat) production of meat and milk is undertaken in diverse topographical and climatic environments and the systems range from extensive to intensive. This could lead to different types of welfare compromise, which need to be managed. Implementing Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) and other new or innovative technologies could help to manage or monitor animal welfare. This paper explores such opportunities, seeking to identify promising aspects of PLF that may allow improved management of welfare for small ruminants using literature search (two reviews), workshops in nine countries (France, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Norway, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom) with 254 stakeholders, and panels with 52 experts. An investigation of the main welfare challenges that may affect sheep and goats across the different management systems in Europe was undertaken, followed by a prioritisation of animal welfare issues obtained in the nine countries. This suggested that disease and health issues, feed access and undernutrition/malnutrition, maternal behaviour/offspring losses, environmental stressors and issues with agonistic behavioural interactions were important welfare concerns. These welfare issues and their indicators (37 for sheep, 25 for goats) were categorised into four broad welfare indicator categories: weight loss or change in body state (BWC), behavioural change (BC), milk yield and quality (MY), and environmental indicators (Evt). In parallel, 24 potential PLF and innovative technologies (8 for BWC; 10 for BC; 4 for MY; 6 for Evt) that could be relevant to monitor these broad welfare indicator categories and provide novel approaches to manage and monitor welfare have been identified. Some technologies had the capacity to monitor more than one broad indicator. Out of the 24 technologies, only 12 were animal-based sensors, or that could monitor the animal individually. One alternative could be to incorporate a risk management approach to welfare, using aspects of environmental stress. This could provide an early warning system for the potential risks of animal welfare compromise and alert farmers to the need to implement mitigation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, firms increasingly need to strategically manage their digital innovation while aligning it with their strategic behaviors (i.e., entrepreneurial and sustainability orientations). Given the lack of previous research on alignment and digital innovation, our study explores and tests how a firm's sustainability and entrepreneurial orientations influence digital innovation. Given that firms can implement diverse digital technologies, we study how digital technologies applied in the firm moderate the orientations' effects on digital innovation. Following strategic alignment theory, we build a model that assumes positive and negative alignment effects. We test our model using primary and secondary data including 350 cases from manufacturing firms. Our findings reveal that a sustainability orientation improves digital innovation. Yet, its positive effect declines when the firm has a greater entrepreneurial orientation. Surprisingly, the positive effect of a sustainability orientation declines as well when the firm implements a greater set of digital technologies. Consequently, our study contributes counterintuitive insights towards understanding that 'the more is not necessarily the better'. • Firms need to align digital innovation with sustainability and entrepreneurial goals for strategic management. • Our study fills gaps by exploring how orientations influence digital innovation. • We analyze how various digital technologies moderate sustainability and entrepreneurial impacts. • Based on strategic alignment theory, our model reveals mixed effects on innovation. • Surprisingly, while sustainability boosts innovation, excessive digital tech can counteract its benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the innovative domain of sustainable and renewable energy, artificial intelligence incorporation has appeared as a critical stimulant for improving productivity, cutting costs, and addressing complex difficulties. However, all the reported advancement over the recent years, their experimental implementations, challenges associated have not been covered by single source. Hence, this review aims to give a single data source to get a recent, advanced and a detailed outlook on applications of artificial intelligence in renewable energy technologies and systems along with examples of implementation. More than 150 research reports were retrieved from different data bases and the keywords and selection criteria to maintain relevance. This review specifically explored the applications of diverse artificial intelligence approaches over a wide range of sources of renewable energy innovations spanning solar power, photovoltaics, microgrid integration, energy storage and power management, wind, and geothermal energy comprehensively. The current technological advances, research outcomes, and case studies in the domain of artificial intelligence implications for renewable energy systems are discussed, along with the potential challenges and their possible solutions. The expected advancements and trends in the near future are also discussed which can give a future gateway to researchers, investigators and engineers to look over to advancements and resolve the challenges already associated. • Artificial intelligence approaches for renewable energy. • Advantages and limitations of artificial intelligence in solar energy, hydro, wind, and geothermal power systems. • Four case investigations that show the efficient integration of artificial intelligence in renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International studies point out that some freshwater policy objectives are not achieved. This study describes that this is in part caused by shortcomings that include: the lack of targeted monitoring schemes to measure impact; a too small range of specific technologies rather than a wider suite of integrated multiple technologies; a too tight focus on sub-sets of stakeholders instead of the involvement of the wider range of end users; and poor trust building and technology explanations to end users. As an example, the New Zealand government is addressing widespread concern over the deterioration of the national freshwater resource by supporting a diverse portfolio of land and riparian management actions. Efforts to assess the effectiveness of these interventions and establish an evidence-based framework for future policies are however limited by the existing regional-scale freshwater monitoring infrastructure. Such hydrometric networks were established largely to assess the broader-scale regional 'state' of the environment and are generally out-of-phase with freshwater improvement actions that are implemented more typically at edge-of-field, farm or sub-catchment scales. Recent and rapid evolution in sensor technologies have created new opportunities to deliver information tuned to the appropriate parameters and frequencies needed to evaluate improvement actions. Despite this, the necessary transformative change in freshwater monitoring has yet to gather pace. In this study we explore barriers and solutions with the objective to better understand what is needed for successful integration of innovative monitoring technologies in a transitional environmental policy setting, using recent New Zealand policy directives as a case study. We use expert surveys and scenario testing to explore barriers to adoption to more robust and comprehensive monitoring required to establish the success, or otherwise, of freshwater improvement actions. This process reveals that rather than further innovations in technology, change in the practice of environmental monitoring is limited instead by the development of defensible and accepted guidelines on the application and effective deployment of existing sensors and methods. We demonstrate that improved knowledge exchange between engineers, scientists and practitioners can be addressed and propose a new decision support and communication tool to enable the selection of monitoring technologies and solutions fit-for-purpose to evaluate freshwater improvement outcomes on multiple scales involving multiple stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• VR was found to be a better way to teach hypoglycemia knowledge than normative. • Prior experience is not essential when learning with VR. • VR simulations provide an opportunity for experiential learning and safe practice of clinical skills. A virtual reality simulation was used to teach treatment of diabetic patients. This study evaluated the impact of using virtual reality on short term knowledge of hypoglycaemia, via pairing of a randomised controlled trial, analysed via Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling. The setting was two large lecture theatres based at campuses within the UK. Second year nursing students (n = 171) volunteered to take part in the study. Students were randomised into two groups, control (n = 88) and experimental (n = 83). The trial enabled comparison, via pre and posttest surveys, of the simulation with normative teaching methods. VR was found to be significantly (p ≤.001) better in terms of hypoglycaemia knowledge thannormative methods. The method also enabled identification of the key point of action of the simulation, which evidenced that the "engagement to immersion" pathway was responsible for leading to higher knowledge scores in the experimental group. This paper claims addition to knowledge about how the novel approach taken has the potential to deepen understanding of how virtual technologies can affect learning in nurse education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted the construction industry. The pandemic can exacerbate an already dire safety and health situation in the industry and negatively impact construction employees and employers. The present study investigates the safety and health measures implemented by construction firms in the United States (US), their effectiveness and usefulness, and workers' satisfaction with these COVID-19 measures. A questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to construction fieldworkers in the US to collect their perspectives on the implemented COVID-19 measures in the construction industry. A total of 187 valid responses were received and analyzed to achieve the aim of the study. Results revealed that strategies implemented to increase social distance and minimize group gathering to 10 persons in certain workstations were perceived to be substantially more effective than job-site screening strategies. Furthermore, smaller contractors implemented fewer safety measures and perceived them to be significantly less effective than those used by medium- and large-sized contractors. Fieldworkers were favorably disposed toward using technologies, such as video-conferencing apps and wearable sensing devices, to slow the spread of COVID-19 on construction job sites. The present study contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying safety and health measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in construction. Practically, the study findings provide valuable insights to inform the successful implementation of safety strategies in the construction industry during a pandemic. The results are crucial for industry practitioners responsible for developing and revising pre- and post-pandemic safety and health plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly impacted the construction industry. The pandemic can exacerbate an already dire safety and health situation in the industry and negatively impact construction employees and employers. The present study investigates the safety and health measures implemented by construction firms in the United States (US), their effectiveness and usefulness, and workers' satisfaction with these COVID-19 measures. A questionnaire survey was developed and distributed to construction fieldworkers in the US to collect their perspectives on the implemented COVID-19 measures in the construction industry. A total of 187 valid responses were received and analyzed to achieve the aim of the study. Results revealed that strategies implemented to increase social distance and minimize group gathering to 10 persons in certain workstations were perceived to be substantially more effective than job-site screening strategies. Furthermore, smaller contractors implemented fewer safety measures and perceived them to be significantly less effective than those used by medium- and large-sized contractors. Fieldworkers were favorably disposed toward using technologies, such as video-conferencing apps and wearable sensing devices, to slow the spread of COVID-19 on construction job sites. The present study contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying safety and health measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in construction. Practically, the study findings provide valuable insights to inform the successful implementation of safety strategies in the construction industry during a pandemic. The results are crucial for industry practitioners responsible for developing and revising pre- and post-pandemic safety and health plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans le monde, les technologies sont de plus en plus utilisées en psychothérapies, et plus largement dans le domaine de la santé mentale. Parmi ces technologies, les jeux vidéo et les robots ont donnée lieu à un grand nombre de recherches. Pour autant, ces études ne décrivent pas précisément : d'une part, les modalités d'utilisation de ces technologies dans les dispositifs en psychothérapie ; d'autre part, quel niveau de fonctionnement en psychothérapie (explicite ou implicite) est concerné par ces dispositifs. Cette recherche poursuit donc l'objectif de présenter les principales orientations thérapeutiques de ces dispositifs, tout en les croisant aux niveaux de fonctionnement en psychothérapie. Pour conduire cette revue, nous avons utilisé une perspective qualitative et conceptuelle, en suivant trois étapes clés (définition du périmètre de l'étude, recherche documentaire et analyse de la littérature), et consistant en une intégration des publications organisées d'une manière thématique, et regroupées ensuite par orientation en psychothérapie. D'une part, trois orientations thérapeutiques sont distinguées : l'utilisation des technologies comme des objets thérapeutiques en eux-mêmes (à la manière des serious game) ; l'utilisation de ces technologies pour faciliter l'adhésion, l'alliance et la communication thérapeutiques (« médiation relationnelle » soignant-patient ou psychothérapeute-patient) ; l'utilisation des jeux vidéo et des robots comme des cyber-médiations en psychothérapie (« médiation thérapeutique » psychothérapeute-patient). D'autre part, ces trois orientations ne semblent pas occuper le même espace au sein des deux niveaux de fonctionnement en psychothérapie. La différence entre la première et la troisième orientation semble tenir en la présence systématique ou non du psychothérapeute. Les limites de cette recherche sont nombreuses, la démarche étant essentiellement qualitative et conceptuelle. Des études complémentaires devront être entreprises. Par ailleurs, les limites potentielles de ces utilisations sont soulignées : les études contrôlées et randomisées sont rares, et les publications sans données expérimentales sont parmi les plus courantes. De plus, les données longitudinales font défaut, notamment en ce qui concerne le maintien et la généralisation des résultats dans le temps. Technologies are used increasingly today in psychotherapy and especially in the field of mental health. Among these technologies, video games and robots have given rise to a large amount of research. However, these studies don't describe precisely the modalities of use of these technologies in psychotherapeutic settings, or which, level of functioning in psychotherapy (explicit or implicit) is concerned by these devices. The aim of this research is to highlight the main therapeutic orientations of the devices while crossing them at the levels of functioning in psychotherapy. To conduct this review we used a qualitative and conceptual perspective and followed three key steps (definition of the perimeter of the study, documentary research and analysis of the literature). The literature has been organized in a thematic way and researches have been gathered according to their orientation in psychotherapy. Three therapeutic orientations are distinguished: the use of technologies as therapeutic objects in themselves (in the manner of serious games); the use of these technologies to facilitate adherence, alliance and therapeutic communication ("relational mediation" caregiver-patient or psychotherapist-patient); the use of video games and robots as cyber-mediations in psychotherapy ("therapeutic mediation" psychotherapist-patient). On the other hand, these three orientations do not seem to occupy the same space within the two levels of functioning in psychotherapy. The difference between the first and third orientations seems to be the systematic presence or not of the psychotherapist. The limitations of this research are numerous, the approach being essentially qualitative and conceptual. Further studies should be undertaken. Additionally, the potential limitations of these uses are highlighted: randomized controlled studies are rare and publications without experimental data are among the most common. Also longitudinal data are lacking, particularly with respect to the maintenance and generalization of results over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global pandemic triggered by the new COVID-19 led to severe limitations in daily life, both private and professional. Almost all companies have been affected in one way or another. The COVID-19 crisis imposed new challenges for enterprises. As a result, many companies have been forced to rethink how to align many of their processes and practices with the new COVID-19 context, and fulfill their mission while maintaining a safe and secure management business operating environment for both employees and customers. This paper aims to bring empirical evidence, through a questionnaire survey, of the positive influence of using Lean Management tools and Industry 4.0 technologies on five organizational dimensions (strategy, leadership, culture, operations and products, and technology). Data from 98 Algerian and French companies of different sizes and representing various activity sectors was collected. Respondents were asked to answer 5 organizational dimensions (strategy, leadership, culture, operations and products, and technology) in the context COVID-19 crisis. Statistical analysis was performed through path coefficient using a Smart PLS. The results show that Industry 4.0 technologies tend to be strongly associated with Lean management tools, and that understanding the relationship between Lean management tools and Industry 4.0 technologies can improve the organizational dimensions: leadership, strategy, operation, and production. This research provides managerial implications that can help managers to understand the synergies and benefits of integrating and implementing Lean 4.0 tools and technologies in organizations in both crises and regular contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While COVID-19 has devastating effects on aviation, several recent studies have highlighted the potential of the pandemic-induced break for rethinking air transportation, hopefully orchestrating changes towards the construction of a more pandemic-resilient aviation system. Here, pandemic-resilient means that aviation stakeholders can sustain the impact of an epidemic or pandemic outbreak through a more informed reallocation of their resources and more collaborative decision making, while being able to minimize the impacts of external events. Our study contributes to the literature by discussing the challenges associated with technological innovation and education of aviation professionals, on the way towards pandemic-resilient aviation. We discuss issues surrounding technologies for smarter aircraft, smarter airports, and smarter airlines. While technology ensures long-term competitiveness and sustainability, an often-ignored source of challenges are human resources and education. COVID-19 has uncovered and magnified the effects of severe concerns with the current aviation education system, which need to be solved by extended skill sets, modern technology, and better career perspectives. Without properly addressing these technological and educational challenges, the aviation industry likely misses an distinct opportunity for restructuring towards pandemic-resilient aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial transcriptomics is revolutionizing modern biology, offering researchers an unprecedented ability to unravel intricate gene expression patterns within tissues. From pioneering techniques to newly commercialized platforms, the field of spatial transcriptomics has evolved rapidly, ushering in a new era of understanding across various disciplines, from developmental biology to disease research. This dynamic expansion is reflected in the rapidly growing number of technologies and data analysis techniques developed and introduced. However, the expanding landscape presents a considerable challenge for researchers, especially newcomers to the field, as staying informed about these advancements becomes increasingly complex. To address this challenge, we have prepared an updated review with a particular focus on technologies that have reached commercialization and are, therefore, accessible to a broad spectrum of potential new users. In this review, we present the fundamental principles of spatial transcriptomic methods, discuss the challenges in data analysis, provide insights into experimental considerations, offer information about available resources for spatial transcriptomics, and conclude with a guide for method selection and a forward-looking perspective. Our aim is to serve as a guiding resource for both experienced users and newcomers navigating the complex realm of spatial transcriptomics in this era of rapid development. We intend to equip researchers with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions and contribute to the cutting-edge research that spatial transcriptomics offers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic erupted in early 2020. The Swiss Federal Council implemented a semi-lockdown in March 2020, asking people, particularly older adults, to stay at home to limit the transmission of the disease and to use digital tools to maintain their social relations and activities. This study inquired how older adults confronting precarity experienced these restrictions, how digital tools functioned in this context, and what learning could therefore be imbibed for the post-pandemic era. We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with adults aged between 66 and 90 years living in a rural and mountainous Swiss region. The obtained data were subsequently thematically analyzed. The results revealed that the respondents experienced ageism during the semi-lockdown and reported limited or non-existent opportunities to use digital tools to maintain online social contact. This predicament increased their sense of loneliness and amplified their feelings of rejection by the outside world. These observations elucidate the need for the enhancement of non-ageist social support for older people, including individuals with limited social and material resources. We advocate the adoption of innovative initiatives in the post-pandemic era to better include precarious older people in our localities and neighborhoods. • We document the pandemic experiences of aged people in precarity in Swiss mountains. • Swiss pandemic policies were stricter for people over 65 than for others. • Older adults in precarity had only limited access to digital technology. • For older people in precarity the pandemic was a potentially violent experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper introduced the functional role of robotic arms in precision agriculture. • This paper summarized the hardware and software technologies of agricultural robotic arms. • This paper presented the application of robotic arms in various agricultural environments, including greenhouses, fields, and orchards. • This paper discussed the challenges and future prospects of robotic arms in precision agriculture. In precision agriculture, robotic arms exhibit significant technical advantages, such as enhancing operational precision and efficiency, reducing labor costs, and supporting environmental sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the application of ground-based robotic arms in precision agriculture, analyzing the hardware and software aspects and current application status across various agricultural settings, and discussing challenges and prospects in this field. First, this paper explores precision agriculture and agricultural robotic arms, highlighting their critical roles in enhancing agricultural efficiency and automation. Further, it addresses the challenges plaguing the practical applications of robotic arms and compares innovative robotic arm technologies with traditional models to establish a foundation for understanding these advancements in modern agriculture. Additionally, this paper analyses the hardware of robotic arms, including rigid and flexible manipulators, drivers, end-effectors, sensors, and controllers, emphasizing the importance of innovation and optimization for improved performance. For the software systems, this paper focused on classic workflows and advanced algorithms for perception, motion planning, and control, as these are essential for the precise and adaptable functioning of robotic arms in diverse agricultural environments. Furthermore, this paper reviews the research and application status of robotic arms across various settings, including greenhouses (e.g., ground planting, desktop planting, and vertical planting), fields (e.g., dry fields, moist, and paddy fields), and orchards (e.g., fruit tree orchards, vineyard orchards, and ground-level orchards) to demonstrate their broad applicability and efficient operational capabilities in diverse conditions. Lastly, this paper discusses the challenges and prospects of robotic arms, emphasizing the significance of integrating disciplines, such as agronomy and biomimetics, big data, artificial intelligence, digital twinning, and human–machine interaction. Advancements in these areas are pivotal for the progress of robotic arm technology and for introducing innovative, efficient solutions to precision agriculture. In summary, this review reveals the immense potential of the application of robotic arms in precision agriculture. With ongoing technological advancements, these robotic arms are expected to play an increasingly crucial role in future agricultural production, making substantial contributions to achieving more efficient, innovative, and sustainable farming practices, heralding a new era in agricultural technology. This paper will serve as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners, offering comprehensive insights into the use of robotic arms in precision agriculture and providing essential knowledge for advancing the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mitochondrial dynamics, including processes like fusion, fission, transport, and mitophagy, play a crucial role in cellular energy production, signaling, and homeostasis, and their dysregulation is linked to various diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. • Advances in delivery technologies, including nanocarriers, targeted delivery systems, and gene editing tools, provide novel means to directly manipulate mitochondrial function, offering new avenues for therapeutic intervention. • The convergence of understanding mitochondrial dynamics with the development of sophisticated delivery mechanisms has the potential to significantly enhance cellular energetics, opening up innovative approaches for treating complex diseases. • Integrating insights from multiple disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, and bioengineering, this review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in developing new strategies to improve mitochondrial function for therapeutic purposes. The intersection of mitochondrial dynamics and delivery technologies heralds a paradigm shift in cellular biology and therapeutic intervention. Mitochondrial dynamics, encompassing fusion, fission, transport, and mitophagy, are critical for cellular energy production, signaling, and homeostasis. Dysregulation of these processes is implicated in a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Concurrently, advances in delivery technologies, such as nanocarriers, targeted delivery systems, and gene editing tools, offer unprecedented opportunities to manipulate mitochondrial function directly. This review synthesizes current knowledge on mitochondrial dynamics, examines recent breakthroughs in targeted delivery methods, and explores their potential convergence to modulate cellular energetics for therapeutic purposes. By integrating insights from biology, chemistry, and bioengineering, this review highlights the innovative approaches being developed to enhance mitochondrial function, underscoring the potential of this convergence to address complex diseases. This interdisciplinary perspective not only broadens our understanding of cellular processes but also paves the way for novel therapeutic strategies, marking a significant step forward in the quest for precision medicine and targeted interventions in mitochondrial-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avatars and social robots offer new opportunities for communication and raise questions about how trust is built and maintained in hybrid social interactions. We wonder what kind of trust people build with these technologies, especially where they are no longer simply tools but rather partners in interactions and affective exchanges involving vulnerability and reciprocity. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review on how trust in humans and technology can be shaped by social touch, which is the bodily contact occurring between two or more parties that express and share affective signals. Based on the n = 15 papers that meet the inclusion criteria, the evidence on the power of social touch to facilitate trust appears limited. Especially in the realm of technology-mediated interactions, mixed and inconclusive results emerge in different social contexts. Individual differences and neurophysiological correlates that could shed light on the effects between touch and trust are rarely investigated. Our positive proposal is that future studies should overcome the divisive conceptualisation of trustor and trustee, and rather explore the phenomenon of trust as a two-person bridge built in synergy between the parties. Outlining some key directions for future research, we discuss the extant solutions and applications of technology-mediated social touch, delving into the sensory and contextual factors that make it similar but different to unmediated social touch. We propose that if social touch were to be effective in promoting trust in specific technologies, this would have important consequences on various application domains such as telecommunication, healthcare, and education. • Trust in a specific technology is crucial when the technology is not only a tool but also a social partner. • Social touch has the power to make us feel connected to others and potentially help us build trust. • Evidence on the effects of mediated or unmediated social touch on trust is limited, mixed and inconclusive. • Future research on mediated interactions should delve into the sensory and contextual aspects of social touch to boost trust. • We need new ways of interacting through mediated social touch, tailored to the specificities of technology and human parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Impurity Control System (ICS) of IFMIF-DONES is devoted to assuring lithium purity. • The validation of the ICS at a relevant circuit size will be performed in a new experimental facility called LITEC. • Its main goal is to perform experiments with all the purification and control equipment. • To study the combined behavior of the proposed technologies. The Impurity Control System (ICS) of IFMIF-DONES is devoted to assuring lithium purity. After its circulation through the target, some undesired products will contaminate the lithium: deuterium, hydrogen, tritium, and beryllium. In addition, due to the high velocity of the flowing lithium, the target assembly, piping system, and other auxiliaries are subjected to a significant corrosion rate, thus leading also to the presence of metallic impurities in the liquid lithium (iron, nickel, molybdenum...). Finally, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon will also be present. These impurities may compromise the operation of the facility: they may enhance the erosion/corrosion effect, shortening the operational life of equipment; they may be activated having an important impact on safety strategy, maintenance, and operational procedures; finally, the erosion caused to the target nozzle may produce fluid perturbations affecting to different aspects: fluid-dynamics, cavitation, and thermo-mechanics. The ICS extracts a fraction of the liquid from the DONES main lithium loop to be purified in dedicated traps, to maintain impurities below permissible levels to achieve the required safety and operational conditions. The validation of the ICS at a relevant circuit size will be performed in a new experimental facility called LITEC (The LIthium TEchnologies CIEMAT loop). It consists of a forced circulation lithium circuit. An electromagnetic pump provides a wide operational range for testing all the purification systems envisioned in the ICS. It has four test sections, where trap prototypes will be installed. An injection system also foresees the possibility of introducing impurities to simulate realistic IFMIF-DONES conditions. Finally, a specific branch will monitor online and offline the impurities. LITEC will contribute significantly to clarifying key aspects of the design and operation of IFMIF-DONES lithium systems and will be a reference facility for research activities in lithium technologies. In this work, its engineering design, operational parameters, and characteristics are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of artwork is an important aspect of preserving human culture and artistic expression. Both knowledge and technology can be essential in artwork conservation. Without such knowledge, the lifespan of numerous works of art by artists spanning over centuries might have been compromised and consequently not exist today. Artwork naturally deteriorates over time or can be damaged unknowingly through artificial processes. Art conservators strive to improve the condition of artwork through non-destructive preservation and restoration procedures. These can be time consuming and require significant patience when diagnosing artwork and applying the suitable process. For many years this work has been assisted by various technologies such as photography, x-ray imaging, and speckle pattern interferometry. More recently there has been an introduction of newer technologies allowing conservators to gather even more details about the artwork. Improvements to classic analytical tools such as spectroscopy and infrared imaging have been applied to artwork analysis. Moreover, the use of computing power for photogrammetry and artificial intelligence for pattern recognition have seen use in studying artwork digitally. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art technologies used in art conservation with some investigation into their established counterparts. Some of the technologies covered here include x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, holographic interferometry, Raman spectroscopy, thermal-quasi reflectography, and terahertz imaging. These techniques allow the detailed analysis of paintings, murals, statues, and other artefacts providing details about the surface topology, stylometry, pigment and media constituents, and restoration history. The integration of all these factors can provide art conservators and historians with important information on various artwork and ultimately assist in conservation for many years to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the valorisation of tea leaves from the agricultural pruning remains using clean technologies with low environmental impact. Leaves with null commercial interest were dismissed during the pruning season, however with a sequential combination of microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG), ultrasound-assisted (US) and pressurized hot water (AH) extractions was possible to recover bioactive compounds. An initial pre-treatment was performed using MHG at selected irradiation powers to facilitate the liberation of antioxidants through the cell membrane. The solid phases were processed by three ways: i) ultrasound bath system (80 °C, 80 KHz, from 15 to 60 min); ii) AH technology (non-isothermal treatment with maximum temperature from 140 to 200 °C); and iii) a sequence of the three aforementioned technologies. Both raw material and liquors were analysed to determine fundamental physicochemical, phytochemical or biological properties. Leaves debris showed positive results in bioactive compounds with a maximum value of total phenolic around 130 mg GAE/g extract in the sequential combination. Antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 g Trolox/g extract. The combination of green extraction technologies guarantees an efficient recovery of bioactive compounds, creating the possibility of new products that improve the wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three phase contacting models for gas-liquid-liquid reactions are presented. • The importance of mass transfer and interfacial area is highlighted. • Depending on where the reaction takes place the most adapted equipment is proposed. Gas-liquid-liquid reactions play a significant role in the field of chemical process technology, however, in the last decade they have rarely been investigated by researchers. Some obstacles are faced for researching and developing gas-liquid-liquid (GLL) systems; one of them is the lack of available literature, which explains the contacting and mass transfer mechanisms between the gas and two liquid phases during the reaction. However, the details of the chemical mechanisms is the principal information needed to choose the appropriate reactor type and process. Knowledge of the chemical mechanisms is also useful for the prediction of the kinetics of GLL reactions. GLL reaction processes can only be improved with a good understanding of these mechanisms. For these reasons, this article aims at understanding analyzing the contacting and mass transfer mechanisms between the gas and liquid-liquid phases with respect to some applications of GLL reactions. It also aims at creating a framework to identify different scenarios that can be used to choose or implement a specific GLL contacting mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyzed the trends in patenting in the field of Precision Agriculture (PA) since the late 1970s, when the potential application of microprocessor‐based technology started to show its dramatic effects on agriculture. The patenting activities analyses conducted focused as first on the evolution of the terms that historically have been used to indicate the common principles linked to the concept of precision agriculture, to mine relevant keywords within massive datasets such as patent documents. Then, the rationale was to impose a sorting approach based on different criteria: (i) field of application (Positioning and Guidance Technologies; Information and Communication Technologies ICT; Measuring Technologies; Reacting Technologies); (ii) sensory technology (Positioning; Optical; Electro-chemical; Mechanical); and (iii) farming practices (Sowing; Fertilization; Protection; Irrigation; Harvest). The number of grants collected included 2003 results, with an enormous increase in the number of precision agriculture-related patents registered in the last years. This study emphasizes the central role of ICT and Global Positioning technologies in supporting several measuring and response technologies, highlights the increasing relevance of environmental sensors and image devices, notes the rise of unmanned vehicles in agricultural patents, and underscores fertilization as a dominant subject for patent activity among the farming practices. • Patents analyses was applied to measure innovations in Precision Agriculture. • Etymology of terms linked to the principles of Precision Agriculture are collected. • Categorization approaches based on application field and sensory tech are used. • Positioning and Information & Communication techs represent key cross-cutting tools. • Actual investments focus on computerized machinery for efficient farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound flood events by storm-enhanced intensive rainfall and surges on coastal and inland surface water flooding are increasingly exacerbated, causing significant impacts in coastal cities. In light of climate change and the rapid urbanisation process, future flood risks and consequences of compound floods are growing. Among global coastal cities, Chinese coastal cities face substantial challenges reflected in recent flood impacts and damages. Here we investigate the previous compound flood sources, impacts, consequences, challenges, and more importantly the response measures from the case of Chinese coastal cities by integrating the media sources and governmental literature analyses. We have found that, during the last decade (the 2010s–2020s), the Chinese Central Government (CCG) and Municipality authorities have co-produced good practices to reduce compound flood impacts accordingly via efficient emergency responses, technological services (e.g., via mobile phones and apps), and improvement of the blue-green (i.e., via "Sponge City Program") and adopted with the engineering measures standard in the coastal urban environment. For the advancement in the next 10 years and beyond, we encourage the governments to transform the Chinese coastal cities by further implementing the "Sponge", Nature-Based Solutions mixed with communication technologies, engineering and meteorological perspectives. These practices are the keys to improving future Chinese coastal flood resilience in terms of reducing the risk and consequences of the compound flood generated by sea-level rise, storm surges and intensive rainstorms under climate uncertainties. [Display omitted] • More frequent storms are significantly affecting Chinese coastal cities in the last decade. • Storms-enhanced compound floods are mainly from intensive rainstorms and storm surges in Chinese coastal cities. • Climate-resilient adaptations are essentially implemented in future planning practices. • Sponge-Coastal Cities, technologies and co-production are keys to achieving climate resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "metaverse" has gained immense attention as the next internet frontier, holding significant economic implications, especially for the IT sector. To establish the groundwork for immersive metaverse spaces, our comprehensive scoping review uncovers the current techniques and technologies in metaverse development. This study investigates post-COVID-19 metaverse techniques, technologies, and applications, spanning from January 2020 to December 2022. Findings reveal potential metaverse applications across 11 industries, with education, manufacturing, healthcare, and real estate being notable. We identified 12 major technologies and four key development techniques that have gained prominence in the metaverse landscape. Notably, "Extended Reality (XR)", "Artificial Intelligence (AI)", and "Decentralized Technologies" were the three most frequently mentioned technologies, appearing in 73%, 40%, and 30% of the reviewed articles, respectively. Furthermore, "VR space convergence" and "fundamental technology" emerged as primary enablers in 73% and 43% of the selected articles, with "object connection" and "communication computing infrastructure" playing supportive roles. Integrating these technologies is vital for holistic metaverse development. Our report serves as a catalyst for discussions among stakeholders, promoting further research and the transformative potential of the metaverse. It highlights the need for advancing understanding and technological evolution in this emerging digital realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-waste, known for its hazardous contents, has gained attention for its use as secondary raw materials. There is evidence that the e-waste sector in developing countries applies various urban mining techniques to recover valuable resources from their waste. Urban mining techniques have shown multiple signs of progress across developing countries. Still, studies have yet to be carried out to examine the state-of-the-art barriers, drivers, or technologies in this field. Furthermore, research on this topic must be more cohesive, multi-faceted, and conclusive. An in-depth review of current practices would improve urban mining's significance and assist in understanding its current implementation levels across developing countries. Based on a systematic review of 45 peer-reviewed articles, this study examines the drivers, barriers, and technologies influencing urban mining techniques in developing countries. In developing countries, urban mining stages are affected by laws, policies, market risks, and technological solutions. Developing countries must sharpen their skills in sustainable technologies, regulatory systems, and policy initiatives to overcome barriers and maximise their returns on urban mining investments. Developing countries must apply systems thinking to establish links across barriers and identify solutions to promote sustainable urban mining practices – a key step towards a circular future for developing countries. [Display omitted] • Urban mining is still in its early stages in developing countries. • The study systematically reviewed 45 peer-reviewed articles. • Drivers, barriers and technologies in urban mining were synthesised. • Urban mining is crucial in developing countries' transition to circular economies. • The study delineates research gaps and offers strategic avenues for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food waste (FW) occurs at every stage of the food supply chain, with each segment contributing its share to the problem. These stages include agricultural production, post-harvest handling and storage, processing and manufacturing, distribution and retail, and finally, consumer behavior. Understanding the root causes and dynamics at each stage is essential to developing effective strategies for FW reduction. One promising approach is upcycling FW, a creative and innovative process of converting FW into higher-value products, thus preventing them from becoming traditional waste. This review explores various approaches for repurposing FW to create innovative products such as novel foods, animal feed, and bioenergy. The exploration of emerging and innovative technologies for upcycling functional components from FW, leading to the development of specific value-added functional products, is discussed. Additionally, this review article covers considerations related to regulatory frameworks and policies, providing a comprehensive overview of the regulatory landscape. Upcycling FW tackles global FW issues, creates economic value, cuts greenhouse gas emissions, and reduces food insecurity. However, the success of these strategies relies on collaboration and commitment across the entire food supply chain, from producers to retailers and consumers. Furthermore, public awareness, education, and policy support are essential to drive the widespread adoption of upcycling practices and transform the food system into a more sustainable and equitable one. • Upcycling food waste (FW) reduces waste and uses resources efficiently. • This article explored strategies for upcycling FW into valuable products of economic importance. • A brief overview of emerging technologies in upcycling FW and technical challenges is documented. • Regulatory Framework and Policy Considerations are also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper details the response to a central challenge of the digitalization of agricultural systems which stems from information overload and the broad heterogeneity of agricultural technologies and the classification thereof. It is the result of four years of effort on the Horizon 2020 SmartAgriHubs (SAH) project, whose purpose was the development and connection of Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) and Competence Centres (CCs) related to the agricultural sector in Europe. CCs form the backbone of DIHs and provide the digital technological infrastructure by offering advanced technical expertise, access to the latest knowledge and information on digital technologies, and other technological and scientific infrastructure. However, the lack of a general framework for technology classification in agriculture needed to be remedied, not only to specifically advance the general aim of SmartAgriHubs and DIHs to "connect the dots", but in general, so as to facilitate a broad range of actors involved in digitalisation of agriculture. This paper sets out the conceptual framework for the classification of technologies in the agricultural sector, and the development of the "Agricultural Technology Navigator" (ATN) as an iterative tool for gathering and searching for information to support such classification, so that actors involved in the digitalization of agriculture may more easily find and communicate technologies related to digital solutions. A multi-actor, multi-disciplinary expert group was formed to identify technologies and define keywords. A literature, patent, foresights studies, and grey literature review was also carried out. Text mining techniques, using the JCR "Tool for Innovation Monitoring", were used based on keywords selected by experts for documents analysis (+170,000,000 publications; + 22,000,000 patent applications; + 77,000 projects). Gaps in previous studies were identified to form the basis upon which to create a new classification system. Taking into account the fact that technologies are continually developing and evolving, an iterative approach was also necessary. To this end, a new tool was developed, compatible with agricultural supply chains, to gather "bottom up" information from CCs (and other actors) on innovative digital technologies and solutions. The main results of all the publications, patents and projects summarized herein, provide a scientifically sound foundation for a much-needed classification of digital technologies used in agriculture. This paper analyses different dimensions or categories in which the diverse technologies can be classified and selects the most appropriate classification to describe the technologies which could be used and managed by CCs and other agricultural actors, in offering and searching for systems and competences which provide digital solutions. Given the importance of DIHs and CCs, and more recently European DIHs (EDIHs), in the European agricultural policy agenda and the development of the sustainable digitalization of agriculture, it is necessary to have a mechanism to appropriately classify digital technologies relevant for agriculture so that providers and users can "match-make" and easily offer, find, and decide on relevant digital tools and solutions. CCs are not the only entities that benefit from such classification. A diverse range of actors involved in the sustainable digitalisation of agriculture, such as technology companies, farm advisors, machinery and other input suppliers who develop and deal in novel and different technology innovations, can benefit from being able to describe appropriately their technologies as part of agricultural systems and solutions. [Display omitted] • A conceptual framework for the classification of technologies in Agriculture is proposed. • The classification is based on information provided by Competence Centres and heterogeneous information sources. • Technologies are treated in the framework of systems and competences. • The ATN has been developed as a new tool for gathering information about systems and competences in agriculture. • Results come from the Horizon 2020 SmartAgriHubs (SAH) project dealing with Digital Innovation Hubs in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is thought to be a threat to the food industry because it initiates the browning reaction during fruit and vegetables processing. Therefore, thermal and non-thermal technologies such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound and high pressure carbon dioxide are being used effectively to lower the enzymatic activity to get good quality food products. The structural changes and mechanism of PPO inactivation during different food processing techniques have not been reviewed comprehensively. The application of these processing treatments may cause the changes in enzyme structure which have a key role in the inactivation of the enzyme. This review will summarize the current knowledge about PPO activation and inactivation in response to thermal and non-thermal processing of fruits and vegetables. Moreover, the structural changes and possible mechanism of enzyme activation/inactivation after thermal and non-thermal fruits and vegetable processing will be described. Thus, the present review will be expected to elucidate the possible mechanism of enzyme inactivation in relation to structure modification to provide a theoretical guide for further understanding the enzymatic caused browning mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Reducing the total emissions of energy generation systems is a pragmatic approach for limiting the environmental pollution and associated climate change problems. Socio economic activities in the 21st century is highly determined by the energy generation mediums, particularly the renewable resources, across the world. Therefore, a thorough investigation into the technologies used in harnessing these energy generation mediums should contribute to their further advancement. Concentrated Solar Photovoltaics (CSP) and Enhanced Geothermal Energy (EGE) are considered as emerging renewable energy technologies with high potential to be used as suitable replacements for fossil products (petroleum, coal, natural gas etc.). Despite the accelerated developments in these technologies, they are still facing many challenges in terms of cost. This review paper presents a detailed background about these renewable energy technologies and their main types such as solar tower, parabolic trough, and so on. Also, the principle challenges impeding the advancement of these energy technologies into commercialisation are discussed. Possible solutions for the main challenges are presented and the future prospects for such energy generation mediums are reported. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Technologies for harnessing concentrated solar photovoltaics and enhanced geothermal energy are thoroughly discussed. • Challenges impeding the advancement of these energy generation mediums are also presented. • The future prospects of concentrated solar photovoltaics and enhanced geothermal energy are captured in this investigation. • Some recommendations for easy commercialization of these technologies are also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many forms of home-based technology targeting stroke rehabilitation have been devised, and a number of human factors are important to their application, suggesting the need to examine this information in a comprehensive review.Objective: The systematic review aims to synthesize the current knowledge of technologies and human factors in home-based technologies for stroke rehabilitation.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in three electronic databases (IEEE, ACM, PubMed), including secondary citations from the literature search. We included articles that used technological means to help stroke patients conduct rehabilitation at home, reported empirical studies that evaluated the technologies with patients in the home environment, and were published in English. Three authors independently conducted the content analysis of searched articles using a list of interactively defined factors.Results: The search yielded 832 potentially relevant articles, leading to 31 articles that were included for in-depth analysis. The types of technology of reviewed articles included games, telerehabilitation, robotic devices, virtual reality devices, sensors, and tablets. We present the merits and limitations of each type of technology. We then derive two main human factors in designing home-based technologies for stroke rehabilitation: designing for engagement (including external and internal motivation) and designing for the home environment (including understanding the social context, practical challenges, and technical proficiency).Conclusion: This systematic review presents an overview of key technologies and human factors for designing home-based technologies for stroke rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nowadays, all industry, including the agri-food sector, faces the urgent need to increase its competitiveness in order to survive in a global market. In this context, it is vital to ensure a strong, renewed and innovative industrial base throughout all stages of the value chain, capable of competing internationally and differentiating itself by the quality of its products and services. Since wealth generation cannot be dissociated from productivity, which in turn is closely related to the trinomial: processes, technologies and quality, it is concluded that the implementation of this strategy requires a commitment to the qualification of organizational management, operational management, project management and processes and productive systems themselves and associated technologies. This paper presents the characterization of the energy consumption and technologies in bakery and pastry sector, one of the most significant in the Portuguese agri-food sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Combination of digital technologies and EGD goals in built environment was studied. • Several policy instruments promote new technology. • Existing policy mix does not set clear targets for the digital transition. • Several individual supporting technologies exist but combinations are lacking. • Markets are not mature for twin transition solutions. This paper studies the implementation of twin transition, i.e., the combination of digital technologies and European Green Deal goals, to achieve sustainable solutions supporting the creation of impactful, net-zero carbon and a resilient built environment with a focus on Northern Europe, specifically Finland. The subject was examined from policies, technology and market perspectives. Numerous European regulations and policies are driving the twin transition since many of them include obligatory requirements for the member states. Technologies and technology combinations exist to support the twin transition in the Nordic built environment. It was assessed that energy technologies are the most important and control, monitoring and automation technologies are the second most important technology category for the twin transition. In addition, individual technologies' maturity and relevance to the twin transition in the built environment in cold climates were evaluated. By analyzing case studies, it was found that the markets are not mature enough to lead the twin transition, but external boosts are needed. However, this can also be seen as an opportunity for service business. The results are focused on Northern Europe, but European legislation also supports the international SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Federal Communications Commission internet data during the period 2014–2021, this paper studies high-speed internet access across metro and nonmetro areas by technology types. The paper develops the measures of the tract-level availability of a technology, based on the number of internet service providers of the technology in each census block. The analysis shows that all technologies had been less available and slower in nonmetro areas than metro areas even after controlling for relevant factors such as household incomes and labor market conditions. In addition, a new technology, namely Cable Modem-DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications) 3.1, had replaced an old one, namely Cable Modem-DOCSIS 3.0, in nonmetro areas at much slower rates than in metro areas. The paper then discusses policy implications of the high-speed internet gap. • Internet access varies by technology type and across areas. • High-speed internet had been less available in nonmetro areas. • A new technology has been deployed at slower rates in nonmetro areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract The occurrence of protein aggregation during bioprocessing steps such as purification, formulation and fill-finish, impacts yield and production costs, and must be controlled throughout the manufacturing process. Understanding aggregation mechanisms and developing mitigating strategies are imperative to ensure the clinical efficacy of the protein drug product and to reduce costs. This commentary reflects on recent progress made in the field of monoclonal antibody (mAb) aggregation with considerations on current and emerging measurement techniques, the use of novel excipients for preventing aggregation, interfacial phenomena and prediction of aggregation rates. The future direction of research is discussed based on academic and industrial perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We provide computational intelligence method for different levels of the system. • We describe the development direction of the intelligent system. • We introduce the basic state-of-the-art concepts of data mining. • We validate the performance of the model with discussions on applications. Abstract The integration of intelligent system mainly includes the application of intelligent technology, such as artificial intelligence and computational intelligence method, which is used in different levels of the system. This paper introduces the application and technology of several intelligent system integrations, the advantages and disadvantages of learning theory and expert system. Neural network is applied in intelligent systems and we use scope reviewed several new development of intelligent technology, plus this paper describes the development direction of the intelligent system. This paper introduces the basic concepts of data mining, including data mining technology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistical analysis, fuzzy logic, pattern recognition and artificial neural networks and other technologies. We analyze the structure of the general algorithm of data mining, and classify the data mining technology in details, including more than 10 techniques of decision tree technology, neural network technology, rough set and fuzzy set. Finally, the research directions of data mining in artificial intelligence, e-commerce applications and mobile communication computing are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Biomarkers that can facilitate better clinical management of CRC are in high demand to improve patient outcome and to reduce mortality. In this regard, proteomic analysis holds a promising prospect in the hunt of novel biomarkers for CRC and in understanding the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress of proteomic research, focusing on discovery and validation of diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. We will summarize the contributions of proteomic strategies to recent discoveries of protein biomarkers for CRC and also briefly discuss the potential and challenges of different proteomic approaches in biomarker discovery and translational applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The number of small WWTPs in Austria with design size of less than 50 PE is 27’500. • The most popular technologies are CAS, VF wetlands and SBR. • During the last decade, SBR technology has been the most popular technology. • Owners/operators of small WWTPs have to participate in a 1–5 days training course. Abstract In Austria, about 95% of the population are served by 1865 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with design size >50 population equivalent (PE). Besides, there are about 27′500 small WWTPs with design size less than 50 PE. Among these small WWTPs, the technologies implemented most frequently are about 7020 conventional activated sludge plants, 5560 treatment wetlands and 5240 Sequencing Batch Reactors. About 45% of the small WWTPs have a design size between 5 and 10 PE. It has been shown that design standards for small WWTPs increased the numbers implemented for both technical and nature-based technologies. A permit given from the local authorities is required for operating a small WWTP. If the design of a small WWTPs follows a design standard, the process to get a permit is simplified. Most authorities request that owners of small WWTPs have a maintenance contract with a company and/or that owners/operators have to pass the training course for operators of small WWTPs offered by the Austrian Wastewater and Waste Association (ÖWAV). Within the 1.5 days long training courses, owners/operators gain basic knowledge on wastewater treatment and thus better understand their plant. This should finally result in well operated and maintained small WWTPs. Since the year 2000, more than 200 training course have been held and more than 5500 owners/operators of small WWTPs have been trained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Information Systems are at the core of all businesses and cover almost all aspects of organizational life. The convergence of computer capabilities, such as the potential to process large volumes of data in a very short time, the growth in Internet usage and the increase in the ability to capture and leverage knowledge in digital format are, in this context, the main enablers of the so called digital transformation of organizations. While the technology enablers allow the production, sharing and management of information and knowledge within the organization between peers and other stakeholders, besides empowering the improvement and innovation of the organizational processes, they also require the updating of the supporting IS. Thus, using technologies in organizations within the context of Digital Transformation (DT) requires an exercise in understanding how to demonstrate their usefulness in relation to the creation, access and sharing of contents and IS improvements in a safe way. This paper provides a comprehensive view of a new context of labour faced within DT of organizations, which we term Enterprise 4.0 and which we propose to be implemented through the m_CSDIT framework, so as to improve the organizational well-being considering the collective intelligence and agility dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescents in a dating relationship can interact anytime using information and communication technologies. Yet, despite associated potential benefits, this availability of means to reach out to their partner may also exacerbate possible conflictual exchanges, including dating violence through technology. This study aimed to document the prevalence of cyber dating violence (CDV) victimization and perpetration among teenagers. It also explored self-esteem and psychological distress in participants having been perpetrators, victims, or perpetrator-victims, compared with those not having experienced CDV.Methods: The sample comprised 190 teenagers from a small urban area who completed the K10 psychological distress scale, the Self-Description Questionnaire, which measures self-esteem, and the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire, which measures the prevalence of CDV victimization and perpetration.Results: Our results suggest no gender difference in the prevalence of CDV victimization (35.8%), perpetration (33.0%), or the high co-occurrence rate of victimization and perpetration (27.2%) in the last 12 months. When age and gender were controlled for, cyber dating violence was found to be associated with low self-esteem and psychological distress in teenagers. Cyberperpetration was also associated with higher self-esteem.Limitations: The cross-sectional design precludes any conclusion about the sequencing of the variables. Reliance on a convenience sample also represents a limitation of the study.Conclusions: CDV is associated with low self-esteem and psychological distress in teenagers. Dating violence prevention programs should include issues related to CDV, considering its high prevalence, conceptual proximity to psychological violence, and relationship with psychological distress and low self esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood of cancer patients provide an opportunity for real-time liquid biopsies capable of aiding early intervention, therapeutic decision, response to therapy, and prognostication. Nevertheless, the rare and potentially heterogeneous molecular nature of CTC has delayed the standardization of robust high-throughput capture/enrichment and characterization technologies.Objective: This review aims to systematize emerging solutions for CTC analysis in bladder cancer (BC), their opportunities and limitations, while providing key insights on specific technologic aspects that may ultimately guide molecular studies and clinical implementation.Evidence Acquisition: State-of-the-art screening for CTC technologies and clinical applications in BC was conducted in MEDLINE through PubMed.Evidence Synthesis: From 200 records identified by the search query, 25 original studies and 1 meta-analysis met the full criteria for selection. A significant myriad of CTC technological platforms, including immunoaffinity, biophysical, and direct CTC detection by molecular methods have been presented. Despite their preliminary nature and irrespective of the applied technology, most studies concluded that CTC counts in peripheral blood correlated with metastasis. Associations with advanced tumor stage and grade and worst prognosis have been suggested. However, the unspecific nature, low sensitivity, and the lack of standardization of current methods still constitutes a major drawback. Moreover, few comprehensive molecular studies have been conducted on these poorly known class of malignant cells.Conclusion: The current rationale supports the importance of moving the CTC field beyond proof of concept studies toward molecular-based solutions capable of improving disease management. The road has been paved for identification of highly specific CTC biomarkers and novel targeted approaches, foreseeing successful clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This systematic review examines how marginalized young people access and engage with health services and navigate health-care systems in high-income countries. Methods Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo, The University of Sydney Library database, and Google Scholar were searched to identify qualitative and quantitative original research, published from 2006 to 2017, that focused on selected definitions of marginalized young people (12 to 24 years), their parents/carers, and/or health professionals working with these populations. A thematic synthesis was undertaken identifying themes across and between groups on barriers and/or facilitators to access, engagement, and/or navigation of health-care systems. Results Of 1,796 articles identified, 68 studies in the final selection focused on marginalized young people who were homeless (n = 20), living in rural areas (n = 14), of refugee background (n = 11), gender and/or sexuality diverse (n = 11), indigenous (n = 4), low income (n = 4), young offenders (n = 2), or living with a disability (n = 2). Studies were from the United States, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Portugal, including 44 qualitative, 16 quantitative, and 8 mixed-method study types. Sample sizes ranged from 3 to 1,388. Eight themes were identified relating to ability to recognize and understand health issues; service knowledge and attitudes toward help seeking; structural barriers; professionals' knowledge, skills, attitudes; service environments and structures; ability to navigate the health system; youth participation; and technology opportunities. Conclusions Marginalized young people experience barriers in addition to those common to all young people. Future studies should consider the role of technology in access, engagement, and health system navigation, and the impact of intersectionality between marginalized groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Utrecht University has seen three major curriculum changes, in 1995, 2001 and 2007. The last change was made because of the European change to a Bachelor-Master system. Almost each time teaching hours tagged for veterinary parasitology have been reduced to currently a minimum of between 46 and 51.5 h, which is much less than the WAAVP-recommended minimum of 70–90 h. This results in a challenge to maintain a qualitatively adequate veterinary parasitology program in a curriculum. Following a brief historic account of previous curricula and implemented curriculum changes, experiences, limitations and opportunities are discussed, including the potential of introducing new teaching materials based, for example, on digital technologies and gaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]