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• Study finds smoking status affects the association between selenium intake and PSA • Smokers had lower odds of high PSA • Interaction suggests smoking modifies selenium's effect on prostate cancer risk. Conflicting results regarding the impact of selenium on reducing prostate cancer have been reported. The current analysis aimed to understand whether there are potential factors affecting the relationship between selenium and prostate cancer. To clarify the relationship between dietary selenium intake and prostate cancer, we evaluated the correlation between dietary selenium intake and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. After screening the NHANES survey data from 2005 to 2010, data for 3,614 of 31,034 participants were considered suitable to include in our study. Dietary selenium intake was the independent variable of our study, while PSA was the dependent variable. We stratified participants into current, former, and never smokers and performed an interaction test on the relationship between selenium intake and PSA using multivariable logistic regression for each smoking-status subgroup. For our subgroup analysis, we grouped participants based on smoking status and investigated the association between dietary selenium intake and PSA levels. Among the 242 participants with a PSA level of 4 or higher, the mean age was 58.5 years (±12.1). After adjusting for covariates, we did not find a significant association between dietary selenium and the odds of having a high PSA level. However, we observed a significant interaction between smoking status and dietary selenium in relation to PSA levels (P =.007). Specifically, smokers had lower odds of having high PSA levels, while nonsmokers had higher odds. This suggests that smoking status may modify the effect of dietary selenium on PSA levels. Our findings suggest that smoking status affects the relationship between dietary selenium intake and PSA and that smokers are at lower odds of having a high PSA level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Targeted metabolism of phenolics of pecan storage were conducted for the first time. • A total of 118 metabolites were identified, nine were newly found in pecan. • Phenolics with similar structures have similar change patterns during storage. • Fresh kernel seemed to lead to more changes to hydrolysable tannins. • Metabolite markers were selected out which can be used in future researches. Pecan nuts are highly enriched in phenolic compounds, which contribute to the health benefits of pecans. Phenolic compounds represent the main oxidation reaction substrates, thus leading to quality deterioration, namely pellicle browning or a decrease in beneficial effects during pecan storage. Hence, four different storage conditions were performed for 180 d to simulate real production situations. Targeted metabolomics was chosen to identify the specific phenolic compounds involved in quality deterioration under different storage conditions in 0, 90, and 180 d samples. A total of 118 phenolic compounds were detected, nine of which were identified for the first time in pecan. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacities initially demonstrated high scores, after which they tended to decrease during the storage process. The significantly modified phenolic compounds during storage were selected as the metabolite markers of pecan quality deterioration, including catechin, procyanidin (PA) trimer, PA tetramer, trigalloyl hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) glucose, and tetragalloyl hexoside. Fresh pecan kernels resulted in more pronounced changes in hydrolysable tannins (HTs), whereas dry kernels resulted in the most accentuated changes in condensed tannins (CTs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study individual phenolic changes during storage of pecan in such massive amounts. The results can offer a valuable theoretical basis for future control of pecan quality deterioration through phenolics during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Raney Ni-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes has been developed. Et 3 SiH was chosen as the reductant. Substrates with various substituents were reduced at ambient temperature, affording good to excellent yields. No pressure reactor, heating, or inert atmosphere is required and the catalyst can be removed/recycled by simple filtration. Raney Ni-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes using Et 3 SiH as the reductant at ambient temperature. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florisil (magnesium polysilicate) is an efficient and eco-friendly reagent for the deprotection of tert -butyl carbamates, carbonates, and ethers. Moderate to excellent yields could be achieved in the presence of other acid-sensitive groups. The separation of products is easy, and Florisil can be recycled several times without observing a decrease in yields. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]