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[Display omitted] • Most patients with lower extremity fractures experience chronic pain and inflammation for months after the injury. • They also often struggle with a range of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, stress, and disturbed sleep quality. • Our study showed that consumption of 40 g of colostrum for three weeks decreased the serum levels of CRP and IL-6 in patients with acetabular fracture. • Colostrum relieved pain and improved mental health status, highlighting this supplement as a useful adjunct in fractures. Role of oral colostrum on mental health status, pain, and inflammatory markers in patients with acetabular fracture was investigated. For 21 days, the intervention group received 40 g of colostrum daily and the control group received a placebo. Changes in mental health status, pain, and serum levels of CRP and IL-6 were evaluated over 90 days. The risk of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in the colostrum group (n = 41) was significantly lower than the control group (n = 39), 14 and 60 days after surgery. The risk of anxiety symptoms in the colostrum group, 2 and 3 months after surgery, was significantly lower than the control group. Generalized estimating equation showed that the mean pain score and serum levels of CRP and IL-6 in the colostrum group were significantly lower than the control group during 90 days of follow-up. Colostrum improves mental health status, pain, and inflammatory markers. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20220424054643N1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Patients with femur fracture after surgery are at risk of malnutrition, weight loss, and physical disability. • Bovine colostrum, contains four components: Active immune molecules, growth factors, hormones, and essential nutrients. • Colostrum supplementation for 3 weeks after surgery can increase appetite, improve hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, and accelerate weight gain and physical performance more rapidly in peri-trochanteric femoral fractures. • It can also strengthen the immune system by increasing the number of lymphocytes. • This finding shows the close relationship between nutritional variables and the clinical outcome of physical performance. Patients with femur fracture after surgery are at risk of malnutrition, weight loss, disability, and mobility complications. In the present study the role of colostrum supplementation on physical disability, and some nutritional variables after surgery has been investigated. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group received 45 g colostrum and the control group received 15 g whey protein daily for 21 days (each containing 12 g of protein). The trend comparison during 30 days of variables including weight, appetite, serum albumin level, hemoglobin and lymphocytes between the two groups was modeled with the generalized estimation equation. Moreover, the trend comparison during 90 days of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) between the two groups was calculated. The basic characteristics were the same between the two groups (colostrum, n = 46; control, n = 48). Protein intake was the same in both groups during the study period. There was a significant difference in weight gain (ß = 0.32, 95 % CI: 0.09–0.54; P = 0.005) within 30 days after operation between the colostrum and control groups in favor of the increase in the colostrum group. Compared to the control group, patients in the colostrum group had a 0.31 score more appetite (P < 0.001), 0.17 g/dL higher serum albumin level (P = 0.001), 0.5 mg/dL higher hemoglobin level and 440 more blood lymphocytes (P < 0.001) during the 30 days of intervention. Regarding physical function disability, patients in the colostrum group had about 4 ODI scores lower than the control group during the study period. Colostrum supplement can increase appetite, hemoglobin, serum albumin level and the number of blood lymphocytes more than the control group. It can also accelerate weight gain and physical performance after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]