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A novel multi-functional interface material (TAAPyr) is first developed as a defect passivation layer and a protect layer against moisture for PSCs application. Consequently, the efficiency of TAAPyr-based device can increase form 20.37% to 22.45%, with an unencapsulated device retaining 90% of its initial efficiency after storage for 600h at ∼65% humidity. [Display omitted] • A hydrophobic multi-functional interface material is developed for PSCs application. • TAAPyr-treated PSCs shows an improvement in efficiency from 20.37% to 22.45%. • Device long-term stability has greatly been enhanced. Surface treatment of perovskite films with interface materials is an effective strategy to resolve trap-mediated nonradiative recombination toward high efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, interface materials for multi-functional treatment have been rarely investigated in PSCs. In this work, a novel pyrene-based organic material (TAAPyr) is first introduced as a defect passivation layer and a protect layer against moisture for PSCs application. With the TAAPyr interfacial modification, both perovskite surface defects and nonradiative recombination are effectively decreased as well as the carrier transport in device is also enhanced, As a consequence, the best power conversion efficiencies (PCE) up to 22.45% for TAAPyr-based device was obtained, clearly outperforming the control one (20.37%). Moreover, it was found that the π-conjugated TAAPyr can promote intermolecular face-to-face stacking on the surface perovskite film, which is favorable to making the perovskite surface more hydrophobic and consequently enhance PSCs long-term stability. The un-encapsulated PSCs can retain 92% of the initial PCE after storage for 600 h at ∼65% RH, in comparison with 64% efficiency retention of the device without TAAPyr under the same conditions. This work presents a new strategy to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs by multi-functional π–conjugated passivator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remarkable progress has been made in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) recently. However, the defects present in the perovskite layer act as non-radiative recombination centers to decrease the stability and restrict the further performance improvement of the device. We report herein a sulfur-rich two-dimensional small molecule, SMe-TATPyr, as a bifunctional layer to efficiently passivate the surface defects of perovskite and facilitate the hole transfer at the perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD interface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show that the sulfur atoms of SMe-TATPyr can passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+ defects and suppress the Pb0 defect formation as Lewis bases. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs is distinctly increased from 20.4% to 22.3%. Moreover, this simple interfacial modification could effectively enhance the stability of unencapsulated PSCs to retain 95% of the initial efficiency after storage for 1500 h at ambient conditions, in contrast to 70% efficiency retention of the device without SMe-TATPyr under the same conditions. ga1 A sulfur-rich two-dimensional small molecule, SMe-TATPyr, has been used as a bifunctional interlayer to efficiently passivate the surface defects of perovskite and facilitate the hole transfer at the perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD interface. The SMe-TATPyr-treated perovskite solar cells demonstrate a remarkable efficiency of 22.3%, along with 95% retention of the initial efficiency under storage for 1500 h at ambient conditions. • A sulfur-rich small molecule is designed as a bifunctional reagent for interfacial defect passivation and hole transfer. • The use of the interfacial layer leads to the efficiency enhancement from 20.4% to 22.3%. • The effect of interfacial defect passivation is fully supported by different physical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]