Search

Autochthonous dissolved organic matter (Auto-DOM) produced by a biological carbon pump using dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from carbonate weathering plays an important role in carbon cycling within inland waters. However, little is known regarding how environmental conditions impact the composition and fate of organic matter, especially in surface waters of the semi-arid Loess Plateau, which is enriched in DIC by significant carbonate weathering. To obtain novel insight, we combined hydrochemistry, isotopic composition (δ2H, δ18O, and δ13C DIC), Rayleigh fractionation model, optical spectroscopy (absorbance and fluorescence), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry measurements to elucidate how primary production and hydrology impact the composition of DOM and the stability of the resulting Auto-DOM throughout the river–reservoir–wetland aquatic continuum of the Bahe River in the carbonate-mineral-rich semi-arid Loess Plateau where carbonate weathering is significant. The Rayleigh fractionation model results indicated that watershed DIC is primarily consumed through aquatic primary production rather than CO 2 degassing. Further investigation revealed that primary production and evaporation co-occurred in this watershed. With the enrichment of the stable water isotope δ2H, the relative abundances of the allochthonous compounds decreased and the relative abundances of the autochthonous substances increased, suggesting that the terrestrial signal of riverine DOM decreased while autochthonous production increased along the flow pathway. In addition, associations between optical and molecular characteristics among DOM samples from different water bodies revealed that the stability ratio (Fmax(C2/(C2 + C4))) of Auto-DOM to the ratio of carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules showed a consistent trend, suggesting that phytoplankton-derived and biomineralized C2 compounds are potentially recalcitrant DOM in inland waters. We conclude that hydrology and primary production affect the source, composition, and, potentially, the stability of DOM in DIC-enriched surface waters of the semi-arid Loess Plateau, which may lead to a more humic-like DOM composition in inland water and export this lower bioavailability DOC to the ocean in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gypsum slag cement is a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to ordinary Portland cement, but it lacks early strength. To enhance its early compressive strength, γ-Al 2 O 3 was added to the gypsum slag cement. In this study, composites of in-situ grown nano-γ-alumina @ fly ash (INA) were synthesized using the carbonization method. The effects of INA and commercial nano-Al 2 O 3 (CNA) on gypsum slag cement were investigated. The results indicated that the growth amount of γ-Al 2 O 3 was controlled by NaAlO 2 , and the diameter of nanoparticles was affected by CO 2. Due to the excellent dispersion of nanoparticles, the paste containing INA exhibited better fresh performance than that containing CNA. The nucleation of INA accelerated the formation of ettringite (AFt), which was beneficial to the early strength of gypsum slag cement. Moreover, INA optimized the spatial distribution of AFt, preventing the concentrated aggregation of AFt on the surface of slag, and achieving a low expansion rate. Additionally, gypsum slag cement containing INA exhibited more C-S-H and finer AFt, with a more compact microstructure and lower porosity, and improved strength and carbonation resistance. • The growth amount of INA is controlled by the concentration of NaAlO 2. • Gypsum slag cement with INA outperforms CNA in terms of fresh properties. • INA can greatly enhance the early compressive strength of gypsum slag cement. • INA optimized the growth mode and spatial distribution state of AFt. • INA modification increases the hydration products of gypsum slag cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni 43 Fe 18 Ga 27 Co 12 single-crystalline microwires directly fabricated by the Taylor liquid drawing method show the nature of a strong first-order martensitic transformation under external stress or load-biased temperature cycling. By eliminating the nucleation energy barrier through localized plastic deformation, a fully recoverable superelastic strain approaching 11 % with negligible hysteresis is achieved in the course of tensile deformation. Based on in-situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction analysis, the mechanism of nearly non-hysteretic transformation is unraveled as a sharp, Lüders-like phase transformation. It is found that a single martensitic domain propagates continuously in a monolithic fashion under superelastic cycling with poor crystallographic compatibility of λ 2 = 0.950 and small volume change of ∆V = -0.17 % accompanying martensitic transformation. We attributed such near zero-hysteretic transformation characteristics to combining conditions of low crystal defect density, high nucleation barriers but without continual nucleation events, flexibility of the microwire, and small volume change. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the era of cloud computing and big data, in order to cope with vast amounts of data, a number of key-value databases have emerged. These systems provide the ability of large scale data storage and effective data operations based on primary keys, but they do not efficiently support the range and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) queries on multi-dimensional datasets. In this paper, we introduce, SPIKE, a sliced Pyramid-based index system for key-value data stores. SPIKE bridges the gap between the data scale and querying functionality for highly available, scalable distributed key-value data stores. We first present SP-Index, the kernel indexing scheme. The SP-Index is designed as a two-level index mechanism consisting of a sliced pyramid space partition index and a distributed B-Tree index. On the basis of SP-Index, we have designed and implemented SPIKE on Cassandra, which provides efficient multi-dimensional complex query processing. We have conducted a set of comprehensive experiments with three types of datasets including synthetic datasets, TPC-H benchmark datasets and a real-world dataset. The experiment results show that SPIKE can efficiently handle multi-dimensional complex queries on large-scale key-value datasets. Evaluation results in comparison with existing systems demonstrates that SPIKE outperforms the comparing work including the original Pyramid, MySQL Cluster and CCIndex by dozens of times in complex query processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huangjiu is a popular Chinese traditional alcoholic beverage, while its brewing processes have rarely been explored. We herein report the first gapless, near-finished genome assembly of the industrial strain Aspergillus flavus SU-16 for huangjiu brewing. This work provides insights and supports for the further industrial applications of A. flavus isolates by comprehensively studying of the safety and genomic variations of SU-16. We demonstrated that SU-16 is a non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus at both molecular and metabolic levels. Using of nanopore sequencing technology resulted in a complete genome sequence for all 8 A. flavus chromosomes, as well as the mitochondrion. Genome comparisons of SU-16 with reference strains identified the chromosomal rearrangements, revealed the adaption mechanism of SU-16 to huangjiu ecological niche, and found that SU-16 is a good repository for CAZymes and some bioactive secondary metabolites. The results will help to develop more scientific huangjiu fermentation processes, and explore metabolism pathways of desired or harmful components in huangjiu to improve its quality. • SU-16 was identified as a non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus strain; • Nanopore sequence technology resulted a gapless, near-finished genome assembly of A. flavus SU16; • Metabolic alterations caused by the accumulation of genetic variations are the main driving force for the functional differentiation of A. flavus during domestication; • SU-16 possesses an incomplete aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster; • Results provide insights and supports for the further application of SU-16 in the other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present a subannual–biannual-resolved (0.9–2 years) ASM intensity record spanning from 11.6 to 10.0 ka BP (before 1950 AD) inferred from a 230Th-dated travertine δ18O record at Zhangjia Ravine on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The ZJG-1 δ18O sequence is characterized by high-frequency fluctuations at decadal to centennial scales. Fluctuating between −11.15‰ and −14.78‰ over the δ18O sequence, the fluctuation range gradually decreased from 11.6 to 10.0 ka BP. There are several abrupt changes in the δ18O sequence, which indicate that the ASM in the early Holocene was highly unstable. Comparison with marine records suggests that the Preboreal oscillation (PBO) event could be triggered by a freshwater outburst which led to/resulted in a sudden release of thousands of cubic kilometers of the meltwater to the North Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, the climate oscillations during the PBO were associated with the complex interplay of solar activity and freshwater outburst, the freshwater outburst may amplify the effect of solar activity when it was in the minima. The rapid warming after the PBO event may be controlled by the common mechanism that induced the Dansgaard–Oeschger warming events during the last glacial period. The further pronounced increases of the travertine δ18O values occurred at about 10.3 ka BP, coinciding roughly with Bond 7 event, also caused by the freshwater outburst and solar activity. This study is not only important to understand the primary driving force of the ASM intensity in the early Holocene, but also essential for evaluate the probability of abrupt climate changes in the future. • Subannual–biannual-resolved Asian Summer Monsoon variations from 11.6 to 10.0 ka BP were reconstructed by travertine. • Asian Summer Monsoon variations were instant response to changes in solar activity. • The Preboreal oscillations were associated with the complex interplay of solar activity and freshwater outburst. • The freshwater outburst may amplify the effect of solar activity in minima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Travertine δ18O values can be used to reconstruct paleo-temperatures if the oxygen isotope fractionation factors between travertine and water are accurately understood. For this purpose, the δ18O values of pool travertine and its parent water, and the deposition rates of the calcite were investigated at Baishuitai (Yunnan, SW China) over the course of the full hydrological year, April 23 2006–April 25 2007. The results show that the travertine–water isotope fractionation factors are close to the commonly accepted equilibrium line of Kim and O’Neil (1997). This differs from the results obtained by Yan et al. (2012) who found that the oxygen isotope fractionation factors in the travertine-depositing pools were close to the line suggested as equilibrium relationship by Coplen (2007). The average calcite deposition rate (2.30mgcm−2 d−1) in the present study is six times larger than that (0.38mgcm−2 d−1) in Yan et al. (2012). If slower calcite precipitation leads to equilibrium oxygen isotopic fractionation, then the results of this study support the results of Coplen (2007) that indicate that the equilibrium fractionation factor may be greater than the commonly accepted one derived by Kim and O’Neil (1997). The relationship between oxygen isotope fractionation factor and calcite deposition rate in our study also agrees with the results of Dietzel et al. (2009) who found that the kinetic-isotope effect favors preferential incorporation of 16O in solid calcite as the calcite deposition rate increases. There was a threshold for calcite precipitation rate control on oxygen isotopic equilibrium. In our case of travertine-depositing pools, when the calcite deposition rate was lower than 0.38mgcm−2 d−1, oxygen isotopic equilibrium between calcite and water was attained. Therefore, calcite deposition rate is a potentially important consideration when using δ18O in natural carbonates as a proxy for terrestrial and ocean temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to understand the behavior of oxygen isotopic fractionation and obtain more reliable paleoclimatic data from surficial travertine deposits, the hydrochemistry, carbonate precipitation rates, and the temporal and spatial variations in δ18O values of the modern travertine in two low-temperature travertine-depositing systems (canal and pool) with differing hydrodynamic conditions at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China, were investigated during the warm rainy season (May 24 to November 2) in 2010. It was found that the oxygen isotopic composition of travertine in the two systems showed distinct controlling mechanisms mainly due to different carbonate precipitation rates and water residence times. For the canal system with fast flow, large deviations between the calculated and measured temperatures indicated that travertine precipitated out of isotopic equilibrium. This was due to rapid carbonate precipitation with intense CO2 degassing. δ18Otravertine values and water temperature increased downstream (∼1‰ and 4°C, respectively) while δ18Owater values remained relatively stable. It was shown that the δ18O values of travertine in the canal system recorded the δ18O values of dissolved carbonates (HCO3 −) which also increased along the canal, controlled by Rayleigh-distillation effects. In contrast, in the pools system with slow flow, oxygen isotopic equilibrium between dissolved carbonates (HCO3 −) and H2O was achieved and the δ18Otravertine values did not display spatial variations. Calculated water temperatures using the equilibrium fractionation factors of Coplen (2007) were identical to the measured ones, which indicates that travertine in such pools system is suitable for the reconstruction of paleo-precipitating temperatures. Finally, by comparing these two systems we have obtained a simple criterion to determine the suitability of travertine to estimate temperatures – the δ18O value of BaCO3 precipitated from water samples is compared with the theoretical δ18O value of dissolved carbonate calculated using water temperature and δ18Owater, to check if the oxygen isotopes of the dissolved carbonate are in equilibrium with the water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Biannually laminated freshwater carbonate deposits (tufas and travertines) are potential sources of high-resolution terrestrial paleoclimate data. In order to understand the processes of carbonate precipitation, the formation of the biannual laminae in endogenic (thermogene) travertine, and the characteristics of the climate information recorded in them, the seasonal variations of hydrochemistry and carbonate precipitation rates in a travertine-depositing canal at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China were investigated. Plexiglass substrates (5cm×5cm×0.5cm) for carbonate collection were placed in the flowing water at ten sampling sites in the canal and replaced semimonthly for one hydrological year, to determine the rates of carbonate precipitation. Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity at these sampling sites were measured daily in situ throughout the year. From these data the concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3 −, the calcite saturation index and CO2 partial pressure were derived. The hydrochemistry and rate of carbonate precipitation at all sites displayed the same clear seasonal pattern, lower in the warm rainy season and higher in the cold dry season. The lower solute chemical concentrations and carbonate precipitation rates in the rainy season were due to the dilution of ground water concentrations by overland flow after rainfall. The endogenic travertine had much clearer biannual lamination structure than is normal in the epigenic tufa in Japan. The lamina consisted of a thin dark porous warm-rainy-season layer alternating with a thick light dense cold-dry-season layer: in contrast, a thick, dark and dense summer–autumn layer alternates with a thin, light and porous winter–spring layer in any biannual lamina found in normal epigenic tufa that is controlled mainly by the change of temperature and CO2. The biannual lamination in the thermogene travertine was primarily controlled by changes in the dilution-dominated carbonate precipitation rate, the darker color of the warm-rainy-season layer being due to soil-derived clay and organic matter introduced by the overland flow. This study thus demonstrates that rates of carbonate precipitation and the formation of lamination in the travertine at Baishuitai were controlled chiefly by a climatic factor (rainfall), which has implications for using the fossil travertine at the site to reconstruct the climate in the past. Additionally, it shows that differences in rate-controlling mechanisms of carbonate precipitation must be considered when using epigenic tufa and endogenic travertine to reconstruct the paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental parameters (temperature+CO2 vs. rainfall). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Seasonal and spatial variations in the δ13C and δ18O values of the modern endogenic (thermogene) travertine deposited in a calcite-depositing canal at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China were examined to understand their potential for paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental implications. The sampling sites were set in the upstream, middle reach and downstream of the canal, and the modern endogenic travertine samples were collected semimonthly to measure their δ13C and δ18O values. It was found that both δ13C and δ18O values of the endogenic travertine were low in the warm rainy season and high in the cold dry season, and correlated with each other. The low δ18O values in warm rainy season were mainly related to the higher water temperature and the lower δ18O values of rainwater, and the low δ13C values are caused by the dilution effect of overland flow with low δ13C values in the warm rainy season and the reduced CO2-degassing of canal-water caused by the dilution effect of the overland flow. The linear negative correlation between the travertine δ18O (or δ13C) values and rainfall amount may be used for paleo-rainfall reconstruction if one knows the δ18O (or δ13C) values of the fossil endogenic travertine at Baishuitai though the reconstruction was not straightforward. It was also found that there was a progressive downstream increase of the δ18O and δ13C values of the travertine along the canal, the former being mainly due to the preferential evaporation of H2 16O to the atmosphere and the latter to the preferential release of 12CO2 to the atmosphere during CO2-degassing. However, the downstream increase of the travertine δ18O and δ13C values was less intensive in rainy season because of the reduced evaporation and CO2-degassing during the rainy season. To conclude, the downstream travertine sites could be more favorable for the paleo-rainfall reconstruction while the upstream travertine sites are more favorable for the paleo-temperature reconstruction. So, this study demonstrates that endogenic travertine, like epigenic (meteogene) tufa, could also be a good candidate for high-resolution paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Putrescine and tyramine are main (>50%) BA in seriflux and huangjiu. • Lactic acid bacteria occupied > 90% in seriflux microbiota. • Lactobacillus plantarum JN01 inoculation reduced 78.4% of BA in recycled seriflux. • BA content in huangjiu was reduced by 87.7%. • No flavor impacts on huangjiu were observed by recycling seriflux. High content of biogenic amine (BA) in huangjiu could pose serious quality concerns. More than 71% of BA in huangjiu were carried over from seriflux (rice soaking wastewater), which were produced by some BA producing bacteria during rice soaking process. A BA non-producing strain, Lactobacillus plantarum JN01, was introduced to rice soaking process, which decreased BA content in seriflux by 93.8% by niche competition at bench scale. Recycling of seriflux inoculated with L. plantarum JN01 at pilot run scale for ten batches demonstrated that BA in seriflux and huangjiu were reduced by 78.4% and 87.7%, respectively. The safety of huangjiu was enormously improved without affecting on the profiles of flavor compounds. Our results demostrated that seriflux recycling technology could reduce 50% of water consumption and achieve "zero effluents" in rice soaking process, which might potentially be a "green technology" not only for huangjiu brewing industry, but also for other related traditional fermented food industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Priming effect turned from negative to positive as moisture increased. • Temperature significantly stimulated the magnitudes of priming at all moistures. • Negative priming enhanced carbon storage while positive priming declined it. • Q 10 of SOC mineralization was highly dependent on priming. Increased temperature and extreme precipitation due to global climate change play a critical role in the soil carbon cycle. The priming effect describes the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization after fresh organic matter (FOM) inputs and is a major component of the soil carbon cycle. However, further research is needed to improve understanding of the interactive influence of warming and soil moisture changes on soil carbon priming. In this study, we conducted a 57-day incubation experiment to investigate the interactive effects of soil moisture and temperature on priming on forest soils from a temperate region of China. 13C labeled Glucose was added to simulate the priming effect induced by rhizosphere exudates at three soil moisture levels (20 %, 55 %, and 90 % of field capacity (FC)) and three temperature levels (5, 15, and 25 °C). Soil priming increased significantly with the increase of moisture; the cumulative priming effects were positive at 55 % and 90 % FC, but were negative at 20 % FC. Warming significantly stimulated the magnitude of priming at all moisture levels, with the greatest negative priming under 20 %FC×25 °C (−165.9 mg C kg−1) and the greatest positive priming under 90 %FC×25 °C (588.0 mg C kg−1). Furthermore, priming considerably influenced the soil carbon balance, which resulted in maximum carbon storage under 20 %FC×25 °C (279.4 mg C kg−1) and the greatest carbon loss under 90 %FC×25 °C (−493.9 mg C kg−1). Furthermore, temperature sensitivity (Q 10) of SOC mineralization was highly dependent on FOM inputs. In unprimed soils, Q 10 was negatively and significantly related to moisture; however, no significant correlation was observed between Q 10 and moisture after glucose addition because of the priming. The findings of this study contribute to the better understanding of the temperate forest soil carbon cycle under global climate change by highlighting the interactive effects of soil moisture and temperature on the priming effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The intoxication effects of different types of alcoholic beverages was compared. • Interactions between huangjiu components and ethanol were investigated. • Six compounds were found to play key roles in huangjiu intoxication. • The results provide new insights for more rigorous control of the huangjiu quality. Although huangjiu is a popular alcoholic beverage in China, the occurrence of quick-intoxication suppresses huangjiu consumption and impedes development of the huangjiu industry. In this study, the Cryprinus carpio intoxication model was used to compare the differences in intoxication effect of alcoholic beverages and to assess the impacts of huangjiu components on intoxication for the first time. Exposure to huangjiu led to the most rapid physical imbalance of C. carpio , followed by red wine and Western liquor. Higher alcohols, biogenic amines and aldehydes could cause physical imbalance of fish by themselves, and synergistic effects were observed when combined with ethanol. 2-Phenylethanoland and isopentanol had the greatest positive effect on huangjiu intoxication, followed by histamine and phenethylamine. No synergistic effect was observed between individual aldehydes and ethanol. Identification of these impactful huangjiu components provides a new perspective on the establishment of more rigorous control on the quality and flavor of huangjiu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the process of CO 2 degassing during precipitation of calcite from a Ca2+–HCO 3 − solution is crucial for interpreting isotope compositions in the calcite precipitates. Unlike diffusion-controlled outgassing, i.e., dissolved CO 2 escaping from the solution via diffusion, degassing caused by precipitation of calcite is accompanied by a large carbon isotope fractionation between CO 2 (g) and HCO 3 − due to breaking of C O bond, with an equilibrium fractionation of ca. −9‰ at ambient temperature. Such a magnitude of fractionation has a great influence on carbon isotope compositions (δ13C) of DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) reservoir in the solution and thus on δ13C of calcite precipitated from it. However, knowledge on isotope fractionation is limited during precipitation-associated degassing of CO 2 in a supersaturated solution where rapid calcite precipitation drives CO 2 degassing out of isotopic equilibrium. Here we show the data of water chemistry and carbon isotope compositions of DIC and carbonate precipitates in a mountain stream at Baishuitai, China. Results from numerical models show there exist large degrees of carbon isotope disequilibrium during precipitation-associated degassing of CO 2 via HCO 3 − dehydration and dehydroxylation. Average carbon isotope fractionation between CO 2 (g) and HCO 3 − ( ε C O 2 (g) - HC O 3 - ) calculated from our dataset is about −20‰ which is much lower than the equilibrium value. Moreover, an inverse correlation between ε C O 2 (g) - HC O 3 - and precipitation rate was observed, indicating higher precipitation rates cause ε C O 2 (g) - HC O 3 - farther from equilibrium value. By compiling the data from this study and literatures, we infer that disequilibrium isotope fractionation of carbon between CO 2 (g) and HCO 3 − may be common during the growth of speleothem and travertine from a solution supersaturated with respect to calcite. The rate dependence of ε C O 2 (g) - HC O 3 - has special implications for speleothem archives from ventilated caves. As partial pressure of CO 2 in cave atmosphere evolves with ventilation, variable precipitation rates of calcite will cause inconstant degrees of disequilibrium isotope fractionation between CO 2 and DIC and thus perturb the time-series of speleothem's δ13C records for paleo-environmental reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Accurate evaluation and prediction of nitrate remains a considerable challenge. • ANN combined with a bootstrap method to simulate stream nitrate concentrations. • ANN outperformed traditional linear and nonlinear computational methods. • Several key variables significantly impacted the stream nitrate were identified. The evaluation of water resource vulnerability to nonpoint source pollution in the presence of uncertainty remains a crucial concern. To enhance the accuracy of the assessment and pinpoint the key factors that affect watershed water quality, the integration of an artificial neural network (ANN) into the evaluation process is imperative. The research involved the collection of streams baseflow samples from thirty-eight sites between 1994 and 1999 in the Tomorrow-Waupaca River Watershed in central Wisconsin, USA, with a focus on examining the relationship between nitrate concentrations and a range of environmental and land use variables extracted from the watershed GIS database. This study utilized ANN methodology, combined with a bootstrap technique that employed a random resampling approach from a single input dataset, to simulate monthly stream baseflow nitrate concentrations. The effectiveness and predictive ability of the ANN model were assessed by comparing it to conventional multivariate regression methods. Through the use of ANN, more precise outcomes can be achieved while taking into account the uncertainty associated with the analysis. The findings demonstrated that the ANN outperformed both the multivariate linear regression and nonlinear quadratic response surface models in explaining the variance of stream nitrate and in external prediction consistency. This study also highlighted several key variables, such as the areal percentage of agricultural land and grassland, stream order, and the average slope of the groundwater flow path, that significantly impacted the stream baseflow nitrate concentrations in this watershed that was dominated by dairy farming and groundwater. Of these variables, the percentage of agricultural land emerged as the most significant factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 0.3% of NS improves the dynamic and static stability of SCC. • The yield stress and stability indexes of SCC are fitted by inverse proportional function equations. • The rheological interval box is used to evaluate the workability and stability of SCC. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) of high fluidity may lead to the high tendency of segregation, especially when manufactured sand (MS) is used. In this work, the rheological properties of SCC are optimized by adding nano-silica (NS) and limestone powder (LP) at different water-to-binder ratios (W/B). The segregation tendency of SCC is evaluated by calculating the stability index (i.e., the degree of segregation of aggregate) through image analysis method. The result shows that MS greatly decreases the stability of SCC, and the static stability index increases from 10.3% to 29.13% when the amount of MS exceeds 20%, increasing risk of segregation. NS can improve the stability of SCC during vibration significantly, however, when the dosage exceeds 0.3%, the fluidity (slump flow) is significantly reduced by 30%. LP improves the stability of SCC by increasing the plastic viscosity. Furthermore, the relationship between the dynamic yield stress/plastic viscosity and the instability index are linearly fitted, the former of which shows a higher correlation coefficient. Finally, the workability and stability of SCC are comprehensively evaluated by the rheological interval box, that is, the SCC with MS owns the best workability when yield stress is (0 ∼ 15.72 Pa) and plastic viscosity is (76.8 ∼ 250.4 Pa·s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]