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Platinum-group elements (PGEs) have a strong affinity for sulfur and tend to accumulate in the deep continental crust, either concentrated within magmatic Cu-Ni-PGE deposits or dispersed throughout disseminated sulfides. However, PGE enrichment in shallow magmatic-hydrothermal systems implies an obscure link to deep sulfide destabilization, which releases PGEs into ore-forming fluids. To bridge this gap, our study investigates the PGE composition of magmatic sulfides with oxidative textures in dacitic rocks from the southwestern Okinawa Trough. We identified three groups of magmatic sulfides, primarily precipitated as Cu-poor monosulfide solid solution (MSS), which formed at distinct stages of magma evolution from deep to shallow crustal levels. Group A sulfides manifest as small-sized inclusions (<30 μm) within most high-Mg olivines, whereas Group B and C sulfides are larger (50–500 μm) and occur within cognate xenoliths of mafic cumulate rocks and the groundmass of host dacites. Group B and C sulfides exhibit distinct oxidative textures and newly-formed mineral assemblages, including magnetite, hematite, goethite, and magnetite ± pyrite, alongside hydrothermal silicate minerals, respectively. We attribute the oxidation process to the infiltration of orthomagmatic fluids exsolved from mafic magma that had underplated the sulfide-bearing felsic magma reservoir, which was nearly solidified. By comparing the chemical compositions between pristine sulfides and their oxidative remnants, we observed extensive mobilization of Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Ni, and Co from the altered sulfides of Group B, while Au enrichment occurred as nanoparticles under high oxidation states. In contrast, Au was extracted along with other mobile metals from the altered sulfides of Group C, with Pt remaining in place under more reduced conditions. These distinct scenarios may lead to the formation of PGE-rich and Au-rich fluids, respectively. The formation of deep crustal MSS and subsequent hydrothermal oxidation under varying redox conditions thus provides a viable mechanism for trans -crustal PGE mobilization and inter-element fractionation, typical of PGE-rich magmatic-hydrothermal deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-entropy materials (High-entropy Materials, HEMs) as a derivative of high-entropy alloys (High-Entropy Alloys, HEAs), have become potential oxygen evolution reaction (Oxygen Evolution Reaction, OER) catalytic materials in recent years. High entropy materials have many attractive properties due to their unique polyatomic structure. This study presents a novel synthesis strategy to successfully grow high-entropy sulfides in situ on the surface of high-entropy alloys by a combination of alkali etching and hydrothermal methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the prepared high-entropy sulfide electrode shows excellent catalytic performance for the OER in alkaline electrolytes. It has a lower overpotential compared to the original high-entropy alloy electrode. Additionally, it exhibits better reaction kinetics. In 1 M KOH electrolyte, only 362 mV of overpotential was required to achieve a current density of 20 mA·cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 120 mV·dec−1. The enhanced catalytic activity of the high-entropy sulfide electrode is due to the abundant presence of catalytic active sites. Additionally, the electrode benefits from reduced charge transfer impedance. The synergize of multiple metal elements also plays a significant role in its superior performance. This research demonstrates the potential value of high-entropy sulfide electrodes in the field of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. The high-entropy sulfide with excellent electrocatalytic OER activity and stability in alkaline media which prepared by hydrothermally sulfiding high-entropy alloy electrodes after alkali etching. The electrode requires only an overpotential of 362 mV to reach a current density of 20 mA cm−2, accompanied by a Tafel slope of 120 mV∙dec−1, and maintains its catalytic activity in 1 M KOH for at least 10 h. This work provides a new idea for the preparation of high-entropy materials mainly composed of non-precious metals, which can enhance the application potential of non-precious metal OER catalysts. [Display omitted] • A novel high-entropy sulfide electrocatalysts base on high-entropy alloy has been synthesized. • High-entropy catalyst with unique structures can be obtained by applying an alkali etching treatment. • High-entropy sulfide electrocatalysts exhibits a nano-needle-like morphology feature. • This work shows the potential of applying HEAs in the area of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submarine hydrothermal venting leads to the formation of black smoker chimneys with complex internal zoning. These emerge through mineral precipitation under changing fluid conditions caused by variable degrees of fluid-seawater mixing. This study explores the potential of selenium (Se) isotopes as a novel tool to understand the enrichment processes and identify the sources of chalcophile elements in seafloor hydrothermal systems. In-situ trace element analysis of hydrothermal sulfides combined with high-precision Se and S isotope analysis of micro-domains through the wall of black smoker chimneys from the Nifonea vent field (New Hebrides back-arc, SW Pacific) revealed variations in sulfide chemistry at small spatial resolution. The δ82/76Se values (deviation of 82Se/76Se relative to NIST SRM 3149) of the sulfide micro-domains range from +0.6 to −3.7 ‰ ± 0.2 ‰ (2 s.d.) with a general decrease from the inner chalcopyrite lining towards the outer chimney wall. The highest δ82/76Se values overlap with the mean value of fresh basaltic glass from Nifonea caldera (+0.6 ± 0.4 ‰, n = 4), indicating that Se is primarily leached from the surrounding back-arc basalts. The trace element contents of sulfides revealed systematic variations between vent sites, linked to differences in fluid vapor content induced by sub-seafloor boiling, which did not cause any Se isotope fractionation. Instead, decreasing Se/Tl ratios of pyrite together with decreasing δ82/76Se values of sulfide micro-domains and calculated δ34S H2S fluid values towards the outer chimney wall are indicative of temperature-dependent Se and S isotope fractionation at 370 to <200 °C during fluid-seawater mixing within the chimney wall. This study presents Se isotopes as a new robust instrument to unravel the sources of chalcophile elements and related fluid processes in seawater-diluted hydrothermal systems, enhancing our understanding of their geochemical complexities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persulfides (RSSH/RSS−) participate in sulfur metabolism and are proposed to transduce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling. Their biochemical properties are poorly understood. Herein, we studied the acidity and nucleophilicity of several low molecular weight persulfides using the alkylating agent, monobromobimane. The different persulfides presented similar pKa values (4.6–6.3) and pH-independent rate constants (3.2–9.0 × 10³ M−1 s−1), indicating that the substituents in persulfides affect properties to a lesser extent than in thiols because of the larger distance to the outer sulfur. The persulfides had higher reactivity with monobromobimane than analogous thiols and putative thiols with the same pKa, providing evidence for the alpha effect (enhanced nucleophilicity by the presence of a contiguous atom with high electron density). Additionally, we investigated two enzymes from the human mitochondrial H2S oxidation pathway that form catalytic persulfide intermediates, sulfide quinone oxidoreductase and thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST, rhodanese). The pH dependence of the activities of both enzymes was measured using sulfite and/or cyanide as sulfur acceptors. The TST half-reactions were also studied by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. Both persulfidated enzymes relied on protonated groups for reaction with the acceptors. Persulfidated sulfide quinone oxidoreductase appeared to have a pKa of 7.8 ± 0.2. Persulfidated TST presented a pKa of 9.38 ± 0.04, probably due to a critical active site residue rather than the persulfide itself. The TST thiol reacted in the anionic state with thiosulfate, with an apparent pKa of 6.5 ± 0.1. Overall, our study contributes to a fundamental understanding of persulfide properties and their modulation by protein environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vivianite, a ferrous phosphate mineral, can be a significant phosphorus (P) burial phase in non-sulfidic, reducing coastal sediments. Expected sea level rise may increase sulfide production in currently non-sulfidic sediments containing vivianite, leading to conditions under which vivianite is thermodynamically unstable. Here, we compared the mineral transformation processes of two different vivianites: unsubstituted vivianite and a vivianite substituted with Mn and Mg (Mn/Mg/Fe=0.30/0.14/0.56), two cations that frequently substitute for Fe in the crystal structure of vivianite. Further, we investigated the potential role of calcium carbonate as a sorption site for phosphate, which is released during vivianite dissolution. The vivianites were mixed with sea sand (quartz) and with or without calcium carbonate. The mixes were filled in mesh bags and installed at 15 to 20 cm sediment depth at two adjacent field plots with contrasting dissolved sulfide concentrations in an intertidal flat in the Wadden Sea. The low sulfide plot had sulfide concentrations ≤50 μM, while concentrations at the high sulfide plot ranged from 0.6 to 6.7 mM. Porewater chemistry was regularly monitored during the field experiment. After 56 days of field incubation, the reacted solid phase was assessed by acid digestion for total elemental composition and Fe, P, and S speciation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both vivianites with and without calcium carbonate and at both field plots dissolved partially, resulting in a net loss of Fe, Mn, Mg, and P from the mesh bags (elemental losses ranged from ∼ 10 to 35%), while solid-phase S accumulated, particularly at the high sulfide plot. Green rust minerals were the major transformation product at the low sulfide plot to which some released phosphate could likely readsorb. Mackinawite formation, which dominated at the high sulfide plot, is less efficient at adsorbing P and thus resulted in an enhanced P loss from the mesh bags. On average, there was ∼ 27% P loss at the high sulfide plot, compared to ∼ 20% at the low sulfide plot. Mn-Mg-substituted vivianite dissolved more at both field plots, likely due to changes in mineral reactivity due to isomorphic substitution. The presence of calcium carbonate slightly lowered P loss, suggesting that its presence may positively impact P retention during vivianite transformation. Overall, P availability was enhanced under euxinic conditions, indicating that vivianite-containing sediments may become sources of bioavailable P under changing environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfides are accessory phases in lunar rocks but are important for understanding lunar interior processes as well as impacts on the lunar surface. Whether or not the lunar mantle had achieved sulfide saturation during magma ocean evolution and displays homogeneous sulfur isotopes remains under debate. The Chang'e-5 (CE-5) mission returned young (2.0 Ga) basalts from a mare terrain in the northern Oceanus Procellarum. Here we study chemical and sulfur isotopic compositions (δ34S V-CDT) of sulfides from CE-5 basaltic fragments and combine them with δ34S of other young (3.1–3.0 Ga) lunar low-Ti basalt (NWA 10597 and NWA 4734) and gabbro meteorites (NWA 6950) to compare them with Apollo low-Ti and high-Ti mare basalts. The sulfides in basaltic fragments of CE-5 are troilites (FeS) with low abundances of Ni, Co, and Cu (e.g., Ni < 0.04 wt% and Ni/Co < 0.3). Textures and chemical compositions indicate that most troilites are late-stage crystallization products from the highly evolved CE-5 basalts. Several troilites occur in the matrices of impactite clasts and are intergrown with Fe–Ni metal (12–36 wt% Ni, Ni/Co of 12–39). These troilites are distinct from the major population of troilites with noticeably higher Ni abundances (mostly > 0.2 wt% with Ni/Co of 1–3) and reconcile with the addition of meteoritic materials into the impact melts. The δ34S V-CDT of large troilite grains (>10 μm) from the CE-5 basaltic fragments and lunar meteorites were obtained by high-precision, high-spatial-resolution femtosecond laser ablation MC-ICP-MS which achieved external uncertainty (0.65 ‰, 2SD at 8-μm laser spots) like nano-SIMS. Sulfur degassing during surficial effusive lava flow likely led to a slight decrease in δ34S (by ∼ 1 ‰) for some basaltic fragments; however, such effects were limited to the scale of bulk rock samples, consistent with previous results. The mean δ34S of troilites in CE-5 basaltic fragments (0.35 ± 0.25 ‰, 2SE, n = 45) is similar to those of ancient (3.8–3.1 Ga old) Apollo low-Ti and high-Ti mare basalts and the young gabbro cumulate NWA 6950 (0.56 ± 0.21 ‰, 2SE, n = 10). The paired NWA 10597 and NWA 4734 show consistent δ34S, lower than most values by ∼ 0.5 ‰. Current data thus indicate that most mantle sources of lunar basalts would be homogeneous for δ34S (0.6 ± 0.3 ‰) and minor regions may be different. The overall homogenous δ34S from different mantle sources with variably low sulfur contents supports sulfide-undersaturated accumulation of the lunar magma ocean, which was inherited from strong volatile loss and evaporative fractionation during the formation of the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing clean energy sources is vital amid the global energy crisis. Hydrogen, emerging as a sustainable energy vector via water electrolysis, mandates adept catalysts owing to the sluggish electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. This work provides a three-step synthesis of Fe-doped NiS 2 catalyst from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). By encapsulating with nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) armor derived from polypyrrole (PPy) through thermal annealing, a novel Fe–NiS 2 @NC catalyst is achieved for improving the OER performance. The Fe–NiS 2 @NC demonstrates outstanding prowess, achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with an overpotential as modest as 255 mV, accompanied with a Tafel slope of only 77 mV dec−1. Furthermore, it maintains operational stability for over 40 h under demanding conditions of 50 mA cm−2, displaying an impressive durability compared to the pure NiS 2 catalyst. This work combines Fe-doping in NiS 2 and PPy-derived NC encapsulation, achieving a dual enhancement of activity and stability of the catalyst. And this strategy also offers a feasible pathway to simultaneously boost the activity and stability in OER electrocatalysts, significantly contributing to clean energy solutions and providing ideas for future research. [Display omitted] • A facile armored electrocatalyst Fe–NiS 2 @NC for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline environment. • Fe-doped and conductive NC-coated NiS 2 present an effective strategy for electrocatalyst development. • Successfully achieved dual enhancement, simultaneously improving activity and stability of OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of metasomatized mantle in the genesis of magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits in orogenic belts remains vigorously debated. The greatest challenge in clarifying uncertainties is how to track the behavior of metals during metasomatic processes in the mantle. Copper isotopes can shed new light on this enigmatic topic as the transfer of Cu during metasomatic processes can significantly fractionate Cu isotopes. In this regard, we have characterized the Cu isotope and trace-element compositions of fertile and barren mafic–ultramafic intrusions, and coeval basalts in the Eastern Tianshan, Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Fertile mafic–ultramafic intrusions are characterized by elevated and highly variable Ba/Nb (40–756, average of 172) and Ba/La (16–219, average of 48) ratios, and exhibit δ65Cu values (−0.97 ‰ to +0.57 ‰) that vary over 1.54 ‰. In contrast, barren intrusions and coeval Permian basalts are characterized by relatively low and invariable Ba/Nb (2–95, average of 29) and Ba/La (0.9–26, average of 8) ratios, and have δ65Cu values that are comparatively less variable (−0.06 ‰ to +0.49 ‰ for δ65Cu) and more similar to bulk silicate Earth (BSE, δ65Cu = 0.06 ± 0.20 ‰). The difference in Cu isotope compositions of fertile and barren intrusions, alongside the variability in Ba enrichment, suggests that a high degree of mantle metasomatism promotes the fertilization of primary magmas in metals and, thus, represents one of the first stages in the development of magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide deposits in convergent margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of highly effective and affordable metal-based electrocatalysts is crucial for water splitting that yields pure hydrogen. Herein, using one-step room-temperature electrodeposition, we successfully created a binary metal nickel-iron sulfide bifunctional electrocatalyst having plenty of active sites and a significant specific surface area on nickel foam (NF). Additionally, the synergistic interaction of the two metal components, iron and nickel, facilitates the electron transfer process and increases the materials' electrocatalytic performance. To obtain 10 mA cm−2, the catalyst only requires 75 mV for HER and 210 mV for OER in 1.0 M KOH. The two-electrode electrolyzer only needs a modest driving voltage (1.46 V@10 mA cm−2). The research presented here offers fresh understandings into the water splitting of nickel-iron-based sulfides as well as a reasonable direction for the development of bifunctional electrocatalysts. A simple one-step/one-pot strategy have been developed to synthesize NiFeS/NF which has been demonstrated to be highly active and stable bifunctional HER and OER electrocatalysts, even close to the state-of-art Pt/C and RuO 2 respectively. [Display omitted] • One-step strategy to synthesize phase pure FeNi 2 S 4 doped nickel foam. • NiFeS/NF acts as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting. • Overall activity is comparable to recent bifunctional catalysts reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles decorated titanium dioxide (Pt/TiO 2) is considered a multifaceted catalyst owing to its wide applicability from photo to thermo-catalysis, as compared to other engineered materials i.e., noble metals supported metal oxide. In this context, the present article provides an in-depth discussion for application of Pt 2.5 /TiO 2 for photocatalytic hydrogen (H 2) production under stimulated laboratory (indoor) and natural sunlight (outdoor) condition. It demonstrated the promising method for utilising the light and heat of full solar energy spectrum in tandem with photocatalyst (photo-thermocatalysis) to create hydrogen from waste water. However, its underlying mechanism remains elusive and contentious. The discussion is covered in more details to address the effects of various factors on its performance, including physicochemical characteristics of as-synthesized photocatalyst (e.g., optical absorptivity, morphology, and surface functionalities), water splitting evaluation parameters (e.g., catalyst dose, concentration of sacrificial donors, effect of various sacrificial donors, and illumination sources), and underlying mechanisms. The as-synthesized Pt 2.5 /TiO 2 photocatalyst have shown promising hydrogen production rate of 9 mmol h−1 and exhibited unprecedented stability of 24h using Na 2 S/Na 2 SO 3 as sacrificial agent. This study will aid in the search for stable photocatalysts to recover hydrogen from sulphide wastewater. [Display omitted] • Pt 2.5 /TiO 2 photocatalyst used for photocatalytic (PC) and photothermal H 2 production. • Sulphides based donor was screened for photo-thermocatalytic (PTC) H 2 production. • HER of 9 (PC) and 5.5 (PTC) mmols.h−1 obtained with Pt 2.5 /TiO 2 – S2−/SO 3 2− system. • Photolysis of S2−/SO 3 2− shuttle showed HER of 4.2 (PC) and 3.1 (PTC) mmols.h−1. • Pt 2.5 /TiO 2 catalyst exhibited stability of 24 h for water splitting reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical depletion of fossil fuels and the alarming increase in environmental pollution highlight the urgent need to develop efficient and durable electrocatalysts to produce renewable energy. We propose a hydrothermal synthesis of a Cu x S@MoS 2 core–shell hybrid electrocatalyst with enhanced catalytic activity for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Utilizing Cu-BTC as a template, our proposed hydrothermal synthesis results in a unique core–shell morphology comprising bimetallic metal sulfide components. This configuration effectively expands the electrochemically active surface area, enhancing charge transfer kinetics and improving catalytic activity. The optimized Cu x S@MoS 2 electrocatalyst presents low overpotentials of 141 and 334 mV for the OER and HER, respectively, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2. This novel synthesis offers a feasible strategy for the preparation of high-efficiency core–shell bimetallic metal sulfide nanomaterials suitable for application in various fields such as energy conversion and storage. • Proposed hydrothermal synthesis of Cu x S@MoS 2 core-shell hybrid electrocatalyst for enhanced electrocatalytic performance. • Cu-BTC employed to create heterostructures of two metal sulfides via sulfurization using a molybdenum precursor. • The hybrid structure displays a distinctive core-shell morphology, comprising bimetallic metal sulfide components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alteration of magmatic sulphides within the regolith, or soil profile, is well documented, but alteration at depth, where meteoric fluids may infiltrate fresh rock adjacent to faults, is less studied and poorly understood. Yet such alteration may affect the mineralogy of the magmatic sulphides, and the characteristics of this alteration provide insights into the distribution and timescales of fluid flow and redox processes within the upper crust. Pentlandite [(Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 ] is a Ni-rich sulphide mineral, found in magmatic sulphide assemblages with chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) and pyrrhotite (Fe 1−x S). Pentlandite associated with massive sulphides from apparently fresh rock at the Mawson Deposit, Western Australia, shows in-situ partial replacement by violarite (nominally FeNi 2 S 4), whereas pentlandite associated with adjacent disseminated sulphides is unaltered. Petrographic, geochemical, and in-situ sulphur isotope analysis reveals that violarite has variable Fe:Ni ratios. Constant volume and constant sulphur mass balance calculations indicate an overall loss of Ni and other metal cations during violarite formation. In addition, newly formed violarite has a 34S-depleted isotopic composition compared to precursor pentlandite. Altered pentlandite (δ34S = 1.02 ‰) is isotopically fractionated relative to co-existing pyrrhotite (3.44 ‰) and chalcopyrite (3.15 ‰), in contrast to the unfractionated sulphur isotope ratios expected for co-crystallising magmatic sulphides. These features are interpreted as a consequence of electrochemical alteration within electrically connected massive sulphides and addition of isotopically light sulphur derived by bacterial sulphate reduction. Based on previous evidence of deep-seated fluid flow along long-lived regional faults, the alteration is plausibly associated with Cenozoic neotectonic deformation and short-lived pulses of fluid flow with durations of hundreds to thousands of years. Similar petrographic evidence of deep alteration in apparently fresh sulphides from samples across the regional study area indicate this could be an under-reported feature in magmatic sulphides globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A simple synthesis of novel hybrid molecules containing methylidenehexahydroimidazo[4,5- d ]imidazol-2(1 H)-one and 1,2,5-oxadiazole moieties is based on the Eschenmoser sulfide contraction involving alkylative precoupling of thioglycolurils with 3(4)-bromoacetyl-1,2,5-oxadiazoles. The proposed method does not require using toxic PPh 3 for sulfur extrusion. The synthesized compounds may serve as platforms for constructing both new bioactive and new high- energy compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equibiaxial flexure strength of two commercially available zinc sulfide (ZnS) materials along with an in-house manufactured calcium lanthanum sulfide (CLS) material was determined and compared to strength values reported in the literature. The strength of the multispectral (MS) ZnS and the in-house CLS were the same while the chemical vapor deposited (CVD) ZnS had a strength almost twice as high. Fractography was conducted and the crack branching constant (A b) was determined for each material, as well as the feature that limited the strength. In the case of the CVD ZnS large ZnS grains coupled with damage from the polishing procedure limited the strength while only large ZnS grains appeared to limit the strength of the MS ZnS. Fractography of the CLS material was challenging. Large grains were identified as the fracture origin in half of these specimens, but the origin could not be unequivocally identified in the remaining specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Methoxy groups on the fullerene cage in compound C 60 (OMe) 5 Br were displaced by thiol residues of methyl 3-mercaptopropanoate thus leading to C 60 (SCH 2 CH 2 CO 2 Me) 5 H product. The structure of the product was established by NMR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red non-toxic and environmentally friendly γ -phase cerium sulfide powders have promising applications in the fields of coatings, outdoor displays and smart buildings. However, the development of an environmentally friendly preparation process and the improvement of production efficiency of cerium sulfide powders remain major challenges. In this study, eco-friendly γ -Ce 2 S 3 powders with excellent color properties have been produced by adding ammonium thiocyanate to the precursor of cerium without H 2 S or CS 2. The effect of impurities (mainly Ce 2 O 2 S) with different amounts on spectral properties of cerium sulfide powders has been studied through chemical and physical methods. In addition, the significance of impurity doping on the reaction synthesis was studied by combining detailed experimental characteristics with density functional theory calculations. The results show that the reduction of impurity content can greatly improve the chromaticity value of γ -Ce 2 S 3 and change color from dark red to bright red. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of the superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is of great paramount importance to the investigation of developing hydrogen production from water splitting to alleviate the energy crisis. Herein, Fe3+ ion doped NiS 2 for OER electrocatalysts obtained from a metal-organic framework (MOF) as a self-template, with the graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) as a chain armor, was prepared by the two-step solvothermal-pyrolysis method. The MOF-derived Fe–NiS 2 @g-C 3 N 4 composite achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a tiny OER overpotential (280 mV) and shows good stability in duration tests over 60 h. Compared with the undoped sample, the overpotential is significantly lower by 60 mV and the stability is substantially improved. In this study, two strategies, iron ion doping and g-C 3 N 4 coating, were implemented to target the defects of NiS 2 , promoting its catalytic activity and achieving a significant improvement in stability at the cost of a bit of activity. Balancing activity and stability maximized has been achieved by our work. This study presents a potential approach to improve the catalyst activity and stability in an integrated strategy. [Display omitted] • A facile armored electrocatalyst Fe–NiS 2 @g-C 3 N 4 for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline environment. • A feasible strategy for electrocatalyst development is proposed by Fe doping and coating g-C 3 N 4 on NiS 2. • Substantial improvement of catalyst stability at the cost of trace activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) behavior of the fusion boundary (FB) region of Inconel 625/X80 weld overlay was investigated with a focus on the role of the beach and peninsula partially mixed zones (PMZs). Compared to the martensite-ferrite boundary, the large misorientation and low deformation compatibility of the austenite-martensite boundary promote the accumulation of hydrogen and thus increase the cracking susceptibility. Further, under the effect of local anodic dissolution and hydrogen accumulation due to the large dimension PMZ, the corrosion defect formed at the junction can be easily transformed into a crack. After SSCC initiation, the crack preferentially grows along the Inconel 625/PMZ interface while the austenite matrix may oblige the crack to propagate along the FB. In addition, the beach PMZ likely shows a higher SSCC susceptibility than the peninsula PMZ mainly because severe anodic dissolution in the peninsula structure blunts the crack tip along the FB during crack propagation. [Display omitted] • Partially mixed zones (PMZs) increase sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) of the fusion boundary region. • Local anodic dissolution and hydrogen promote crack initiation at the PMZ junction. • Cracks grow preferentially along the Inconel 625/PMZ interface. • Excessive anodic dissolution makes SSCC in the peninsula PMZ weaker than the beach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, biomass-derived porous carbon materials have great potential for the development of advanced microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) with lightweight, high performance, wide effective bandwidth (EAB), and thin matching thickness. Herein, we reported low-cost, high-performance MAMs for the successful anchoring of Cu-based bimetallic sulfides CuCo 2 S 4 @CoS 2 on biomass porous carbon (BPC) derived from pistachio shells using a simple carbonization, hydrothermal, and electrostatic self-assembly method. The results demonstrate that the prepared BPC@CuCo 2 S 4 @CoS 2 composite exhibits excellent microwave absorption due to its balanced impedance matching and the combined effect of conductive loss, dipole polarization, interfacial polarization, dielectric loss, and magnetic loss. To be precise, the minimum reflection loss (RL min) of BPC@CuCo 2 S 4 @CoS 2 reaches −64.2 dB at a packing load of 20 wt%, with an EAB of 6.6 GHz and a thickness of 2.3 mm. This work provides new insights into the study of copper-based bimetallic sulfide and BPC composites in MAMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SBA-15 molecular sieve carrier with large specific surface area and pore volume, high temperature resistance and acid and alkali resistance was successfully synthesized by the method of hydrothermal synthesis. Then, ionic liquid is loaded on the surface and pores of the carrier by the impregnation method, so that it can be combined with the acid-base COS, thereby enhancing the adsorption effect and adsorption selectivity. Effects of three ionic liquids: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium glycinate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium glycinate and 1–(2-Aminoethyl)3-methylimidazolium bromide on the COS adsorption properties were discussed at different adsorption temperatures and loading concentrations. Among these mesoporous molecular sieves immobilized ionic liquids, the result from COS adsorption shows that the specific surface area of SBA-15 molecular sieve impregnated with 0.9 g·mL−1 [C 2 mim][Gly] (SBA-15-C 2 9.0) decreased from 902 m2·g−1 to SBA-15–27 m2·g−1. And its COS breakthrough adsorption capacity can reach 11.38 mg·g−1. It can concluded that [C 2 mim][Gly] is helpful to increase the adsorption capacity. [Display omitted] • Molecular sieves loaded with amine functional ionic liquids were first used for carbonyl sulfide adsorption. • The effect of ionic liquid on molecular sieve morphology and carrier pore size was investigated, respectively. • The adsorption performance of mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieves loading [C 2 mim][Gly] on were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three dimensional (3D) binary Earth-abundant transition metal derived layered nanomaterials are presently considered as the emergent catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In the present study, we demonstrate morphology-controlled bimetallic iron-cobalt (FeCo) nanoclusters (∼3.2 nm) embedded in 3D nanosheets (3D-FeCoS NS) on nickel foam (NF) electrode using of single-step electrochemical fabrication approach. The as-developed binder-free 3D-FeCoS NS employ as the potential electrocatalysts for improved OER in 1.0 M KOH. Results display that the 3D-FeCoS NS-B ("B" represents the molar ratio of Fe and Co (1:1)) exhibited an exceptional catalytic OER activity, including a low overpotential (η) (∼223 mV @ 10 mA cm−2), small Tafel slope (∼66 mV dec−1), high mass activity (∼208 Ag−1), high turnover frequency (TOF) (∼1.2 s−1), and long-term stability (over 100 h). More significantly, the 3D-FeCoS NS-B‖PtC couple attained the current density of ∼10 mA cm−2 only at the potential of ∼1.53 V, comparing positively with the state-of-the-art RuO 2 ‖PtC couple. The abundant active sites of nanoclusters and edges of the sheets, synergy between the heterostructures, and accompanied by the presence of surface sulfides/oxides yield improved the OER activity. This study signifies a novel strategy to establish 3D Earth-abundant transition metal sulfides nanosheets for various electrochemical applications, including energy conversion and storage systems. [Display omitted] • Facile and single step electrochemical fabrication of Fe–Co nanoclusters embedded in 3D nanosheets (3D-FeCoS NS) electrode. • Hierarchical 3D-FeCoS NS-B electrode requires overpotential of ∼223 mV only at 10 mA cm−2 for OER. • The 3D-FeCoS NS-B electrode possesses a good corrosion tolerance. • Three-phase-interface and creation of oxy-hydroxides of FeCo promote the OER activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of highly efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts is critical to the mass production of hydrogen from water splitting. Herein, a facile yet effective method was developed to synthesize bimetallic sulfides Ni 3 S 2 /CoS x , which were aimed for use as the electrocatalysts in both HER and OER. Encouragingly, the Ni 3 S 2 /CoS x demonstrated a low overpotential of 110 mV for HER at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2. It was discovered that the surface of Ni 3 S 2 /CoS x during OER process would undergo an in-situ oxidation to form MOOH (M = Co, Ni), that is, MOOH/Ni 3 S 2 /CoS x were the real functioning species in catalysis, which had an excellent OER activity and a low overpotential of 226 mV. Additionally, the assembled electrolyzer required only a low cell voltage of 1.53 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 in a 1 M KOH solution, and its performance was stable. Overall, this work provided a promising strategy for the facile fabrication of low-cost amorphous electrocatalysts, which is expected to promote the progress of overall water splitting. [Display omitted] • A facile method was developed to synthesize hybrid sulfides Ni 3 S 2 /CoS x for HER and OER applications. • The bimetallic sulfides exhibited a super performance, achieving 10 mA·cm−2 at 1.53 V for water splitting. • Oxyhydroxides, the real catalytic species for OER, were generated due to surface reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A sulfide oxidizing strain Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3 was isolated. • Strain LYH-3 had efficient sulfide oxidation capacity in thermophilic conditions. • The highest sulfate formation rate (27.35% ± 0.86%) was predicted by RSM design. • The maximum specific growth rate (0.5274 hr−1) in 22 hr was obtained at 50°C. • Strain LYH-3 promised a potential application in controlling H 2 S odors of compost. The sulfur-containing odor emitted from sludge composting could be controlled by sulfide oxidizing bacteria, yet mesophilic strains show inactivation during the thermophilic stage of composting. Aimed to investigate and characterize the thermotolerant bacterium that could oxidize sulfide into sulfate, a heterotrophic strain was isolated from sewage sludge composting and identified as Paenibacillus naphthalenovorans LYH-3. The effects of various environmental factors on sulfide oxidation capacities were studied to optimize the sulfate production, and the highest production rate (27.35% ± 0.86%) was obtained at pH 7.34, the rotation speed of 161.14 r/min, and the inoculation amount of 5.83% by employing Box-Behnken design. The results of serial sulfide substrates experiments indicated that strain LYH-3 could survive up to 400 mg/L of sulfide with the highest sulfide removal rate (88.79% ± 0.35%) obtained at 50 mg/L of sulfide. Growth kinetic analysis presented the maximum specific growth rate µ m (0.5274 hr−1) after 22 hr cultivation at 50°C. The highest enzyme activities of sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (0.369 ± 0.052 U/mg) and sulfur dioxygenase (0.255 ± 0.014 U/mg) were both obtained at 40°C, and the highest enzyme activity of sulfite acceptor oxidoreductase (1.302 ± 0.035 U/mg) was assessed at 50°C. The results indicated that P. naphthalenovorans possessed a rapid growth rate and efficient sulfide oxidation capacities under thermophilic conditions, promising a potential application in controlling sulfur-containing odors during the thermophilic stage of sludge composting. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A 100% atom-efficient thia-Michael addition process between thiols and α,β -unsaturated carbonyl compounds in a Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvent at room temperature has been developed. The medium, choline chloride/ p -toluene- sulfonic acid, not only showed good catalytic activity, but also could be readily recovered and reused with slight decrease in its activity after successive five runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Pyrazoles bearing (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridinyl)thio group were obtained from 3-aminopyrazoles. The reaction is performed by diazotization of starting amines followed by treatment of the intermediate diazonium salts with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine-4-thiol and potassium carbonate. The method is best applied towards 4-substituted 3-aminopyrazoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing robust non-noble catalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is vital for large-scale hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting. Here, we synthesize Sn- and Fe-containing sulfides and oxyhydroxides anchored on nickel foam (SnFeS x O y /NF) using a solvothermal method, in which a heterostructure is generated between the sulfides and oxyhydroxides. The SnFeS x O y /NF exhibits low overpotentials of 85, 167, 249, and 324 mV at 10, 100, 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 for the HER, respectively, and a low overpotential of only 281 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for the OER. When it serves as both anode and cathode to assemble an electrolyzer, the cell voltage is only 1.69 V at 50 mA cm−2. The sulfides should be the efficient active species for the HER, while the oxyhydroxides are highly active for the OER. The unique sulfide/oxyhydroxide heterostructure facilitates charge transfer and lowers reaction barrier, thus promoting electrocatalytic processes. The heterostructure between sulfides and oxyhydroxides in the SnFeS x O y /NF facilitates charge transfer and lowers reaction barrier, thus promoting electrocatalytic HER and OER processes. [Display omitted] • SnFeS x O y /NF shows low HER overpotentials of 85 and 324 mV at 10 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively. • SnFeS x O y /NF shows overpotential of only 281 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for the OER. • SnFeS x O y /NF-based electrolyzer needs 1.69 V to deliver 50 mA cm−2. • Heterostructure between sulfides and oxyhydroxides improves the electrocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of Ce and La addition on microstructure and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) behavior of API-5CT-C110 casing steel. The role of rare earth (RE) elements on the SSC resistance was assessed via uniaxial tensile testing and double cantilever beam testing (NACE TM0177 A and D methods). The experimental results show that the appropriate addition of RE is beneficial to the improvement of SSC resistance without compromising strength. RE addition is found to refine prior austenite grains and carbides, and modify the coarse inclusions into spherical RE oxysulfides. The electron backscattered diffraction analysis indicates that the steel with RE has lower high angle grain boundary and kernel average misorientation, which could effectively hinder crack propagation and thus reduce the SSC susceptibility. Furthermore, the proportion of deformed grains is reduced significantly due to RE addition, and substructure grains with low storage energy are increased, which is also a vital factor enhancing the SSC resistance. • Adding rare earth (RE) in 110 ksi grade casing steel improves the SSC resistance. • RE addition results in the refinement of prior austenite grains and carbides. • RE can modify the coarse irregular inclusions to smaller spherical morphology. • The addition of RE lowers the high angle grain boundary and KAM. • The deformed grain decreases and substructure grain increases with RE addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition-metal chalcogenides, such as noble metal chalcogenides, hold tremendous potential as efficient agents for photo-induced cancer theranostics due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, a critical bottleneck still lies in exploring simple and controllable methods to synthesize noble metal chalcogenides especially PtS for in vivo photo-induced cancer imaging and simultaneous therapy. Herein, we proposed the albumin-templated synthesis of size-controllable platinum (II) sulfide nanodots (PtS-NDs) for multimodal cancer imaging and potent photothermal therapy. PtS-NDs were precisely synthesized with a tunable size ranging from 2.1 nm to 4.5 nm through a thermodynamically controlled growth inside albumin nanocages. PtS-NDs yielded significant near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and outstanding photothermal conversion under NIR laser irradiation, as well as effective resistance to photobleaching, thereby generating remarkable in vivo photoacoustic signals and distinct hyperthermia at tumor site. Moreover, these nanodots possessed efficient cellular uptake and tumor targeting capabilities in a size-dependent manner, thus leading to controllable diagnostic and thermo-therapeutic efficacy. Specifically, PtS-NDs with core diameter of 4.5 nm displayed preferable in vivo photoacoustic and CT imaging with high sensitivity, spatially and anatomically enhanced imaging contrast, together with hyperthermia mediated tumor ablation. Thus, the albumin-templated biomimetic synthesis provided an insightful strategy on fabricating theranostic PtS-NDs for potential clinical applications. Noble metal chalcogenides especially PtS are of particular importance in the field of precise nanomedicine to improve both accuracy of cancer diagnosis and efficiency of tumor treatment. However, the intensively preclinical investigation of PtS was limited due to the lack of simple and controllable synthetic methods. Here, we report an albumin-templated biomineralization synthesis of platinum (II) sulfide nanodots (PtS-NDs). Specifically, albumin-templated biomineralization of PtS-NDs was induced by the electrostatic interactions between albumin and Pt2+, followed by the nucleation and growth inside the albumin nanocages. The resulting PtS-NDs showed good dispersibility and biosafety, as well as size-dependent photophysical properties and biological behaviors. Therefore, albumin-based biomineralization is a promising and safe strategy to facilely fabricate Pt-based chalcogenide for tumor theranostics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly proficient, long-lasting non-noble-metal-supported electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction are important for hydrogen energy production through alkaline electrolyte. In transition metal dichalcogenides, tungsten sulfide is one of the popular materials and is used in a wide variety of applications. In this work, pristine and cationic surfactant assisted tungsten sulfide were successfully synthesized via simple hydrothermal method in alkaline electrolyte for hydrogen evolution reaction. X-ray diffraction confirmed tungsten sulfide rhombohedral structure formation with high index plane (003). Scanning electron microscopy explored tungsten sulfide nanosheet-assembled mesoporous sphere morphology. Tungsten sulfide and cationic surfactant assisted tungsten sulfide overpotential values were found to be 141 and 102 mV at 10 mA/cm2 from linear sweep voltammetry curves. The obtained Tafel slope of tungsten sulfide and cationic surfactant assisted tungsten sulfide were 26.9 and 21.4 mV/dec, respectively. The solution and charge transfer resistance of the prepared materials were obtained from Nyquist plot and found to be 1.7 and 1.4 Ω, and 53.6 and 32 Ω, respectively. The specific surface area, pore diameter, and volume were analyzed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method and obtained values for surface area, pore size, and volume of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide assisted tungsten sulfide were 65.05 m2/g, 3.502 nm, and 0.067 cc/g, respectively. The obtained result suggested that 0.1 M cationic surfactant assisted tungsten sulfide showed high catalytic activity with minimum overpotential. Long-term durability studies also suggested that the optimized surfactant-assisted tungsten sulfide had excellent stability over a prolong time of 16 h without any decay. However, the stability of the material exhibited only 90% retention which will improve in our near future works by using carbon-based materials. Hence, carbon-based materials exhibited outstanding chemical stability and offer large surface area, which significantly improves the hydrogen evolution reaction activity and suggests to be used in large-scale applications. [Display omitted] • Tungsten sulfide (WS 2) revealed rhombohedral structure with high index plane (003). • WS 2 surface area, pore size and volume was 65.05 m2/g, 3.502 nm and 0.067 cc/g. • WS 2 explored low 102 mV overpotential with Tafel slope of 21.4 mV/dec. • Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide assisted WS 2 exhibited 90% retention in 16 h CA test. • The optimum concentration of cationic surfactant was fixed as 0.1 M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of inexpensive and efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial in the widespread application of water electrolyzers. A simple one-step aqueous electrodeposition method is utilized to prepare amorphous nickel-iron sulfide (Ni–Fe–S) and phosphide (Ni–Fe–P) films on Ni foam. The deposited films are highly porous, and can convert to active electrocatalysts for OER. In 1 M KOH, the Ni–Fe–S shows the highest OER activity, and requires only 230 mV overpotential to reach 0.05 A cm−2 OER current densities. The Fe–Ni–S also sustains the 30 h 0.05 A cm−2 galvanostatic OER test. Ex-situ characterizations show that sulfur in the Fe–Ni–S is oxidized and leached into the solution during OER, and that (oxy)hydroxide layer is formed at the surface. The adsorption energy of the hydroxyl group, an OER intermediate, is tuned by the electron interaction between the Ni and Fe, and the Ni–Fe–S exhibits the optimum hydroxyl group adsorption energy and the most facile OER kinetics. Also, higher intrinsic OER activity is observed for the electrodeposited amorphous nickel phosphide-derived film than the amorphous nickel sulfide-derived film. [Display omitted] • One-step electrodeposition of Ni–Fe sulfide and phosphide films on Ni foam. • The Ni–Fe–S shows the highest OER activity, with 0.23 V overpotential at 0.05 A cm−2. • The electron interaction tunes the hydroxyl adsorption energy and accelerates OER. • Nickel phosphide exhibits higher intrinsic OER activities than nickel sulfide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic semiconductor metal sulphides are promising for harnessing light energy. In this report, a hydrothermally decorated robust ZnO/ZnS/NiS (ZSN) ternary composite was synthesized and employed in photocatalytic H 2 generation. The structurally defined ZnS/NiS on ZnO nanorods have been observed as efficient visible light driven proton reduction system due to its multiple accessible active sites. Benefitting from the synergetic effects between highly active, ZnS and NiS, the ternary composite ZSN exhibited significantly improved performance of H 2 generation with a rate of 8471 μmol g−1h−1 and AQE of ∼5.5% under solar irradiation. This design in ZSN enables effective transfer of electrons from ZnS to NiS active sites leading to 29 times and 3.4 times increase in hydrogen production and current density when compared with pristine ZnO photocatalyst, respectively. The photocurrent density and transient photocurrent curve show rapid charge transfer as well as the unique electron transfer paths through the contact surface, resulting in efficient charge separation. DFT and photoelectrochemical studies reveal higher HER activity due to the augmented electric field at the dual-interfaces between NiS and ZS complex. • Hydrothermally decorated ternary ZnO/ZnS/NiS photocatalyst. • Bimetallic Sulfides (ZnS/NiS) improved the efficient charge transfer. • High current density of 0.58 mA/cm2 and fast charge separation occurs in ternary system. • DFT and experimental data corroborates the superior activity of reported catalyst. • High H 2 evolution with a rate 8471 μmol g−1h−1 and AQY of ∼5.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel acylhydrazone biosorbent (GSL) with abundant three-dimensional porous structure was successfully prepared by using low-cost starch as raw material for water pollution remediation applications. Various analytical techniques were applied to characterize the morphological structure and chemical composition. Interestingly, the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent towards Malachite green (MG), Safranin O (SO), Cu2+, and sulfide in the static adsorption experiment was extremely high due to presence of ample functional groups. Additionally, the adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiments revealed that the adsorption processes were based on monolayer chemisorption. The maximum sorption amounts were 2237.4961 mg/g for SO, 2101.6610 mg/g for MG, 410.7019 mg/g for Cu2+, and 483.0194 mg/g for sulfides at 298.15 k. The thermodynamic analysis also demonstrated that all adsorption processes were spontaneous heat processes. The adsorption mechanism was analyzed by FTIR, SEM-EDAX and XPS. The adsorption of SO onto GSL reached 1025.8617 mg/g in continuous adsorption experiments, and the experimental data were fitted through the Thomas model and Yoon-Nelson model. Furthermore, the GSL showed good reusability and salt resistance. Importantly, starch-based acylhydrazone as the adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of hazardous dyes, heavy metal ions and sulfhides has not yet been seen reported. • A new acylhydrazone-modified starch-based adsorbent with 3D porous structure was prepared. • Organic dyes, heavy metal ion, and sulfides can be efficiently removed by the adsorbent. • The adsorbent exhibited excellent reusability and salt resistance. • The adsorbent was applied to in batch and continuous adsorption. • The continuous adsorption data were fitted by Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfides composed of an eco-friendly and low-cost composition have received widespread attention as a substitute for traditional thermoelectric materials. However, n -type sulfides with high performance are rare compared with p -type ones. This work revealed that Bi 2 SeS 2 with n -type conductivity characteristics is a potential thermoelectric material, whose ZT value reaches ∼ 0.70 at 773 K for the Cl doped sample Bi 2 Se 0.98 S 2 Cl 0.02. Cl serving as a carrier donor can increase the electrical conductivity by optimizing the carrier concentration. Coupled with a moderate Seebeck coefficient in the range of 100–200 μV/K, a high power factor of ∼6.46 μWcm−1K−2 at 773 K was achieved. In addition, the lattice thermal conductivity reduces because of the formation of precipitates, as well as the induced mass and stress fluctuations due to the doping of heterogeneous Cl element, which effectively suppress the increase in total thermal conductivity. The combination of optimized power factor and low thermal conductivity leads to a final high ZT value, which is relatively higher than or comparable to most other reported n -type sulfide thermoelectric material. • As a carrier donor, Cl enhances electrical conductivity and achieves an optimized power factor of ∼6.46 μWcm−1K−2. • The lattice thermal conductivity of Cl-doped samples is significantly suppressed. • A maximum ZT of ∼ 0.70 at 773 K is realized for Bi 2 Se 0.98 S 2 Cl 0.02 , higher than most other n -type sulfide materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of sulfide solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with high ionic conductivity plays a leading role in achieving all-solid-state sodium batteries (ASSSBs). As an important raw material for synthesizing sulfide SSEs, the purity of Na 2 S significantly affects the ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties of sulfide SSEs. In order to obtain high-purity and low-cost Na 2 S, a hydrogen reduction of industrial grade Na 2 SO 4 followed by ethanol purification has been successfully employed to synthesize and purify Na 2 S, which possesses a high purity of 98 %. Na 3 SbS 4 has been synthesized by as-synthesized Na 2 S (A-Na 2 S) and commercial Na 2 S (C–Na 2 S) by liquid-phase synthesis and solid-state reaction methods, respectively. The electrochemical properties indicate that Na 3 SbS 4 samples synthesized by A-Na 2 S possess higher ionic conductivity and lower Ea, and the assembled ASSSBs exhibit higher specific capacities, superior cycle and rate performance. At 0.5C, the assembled TiS 2 /Na 3 SbS 4 /NaSn ASSSB exhibits a high initial capacity of 211.4 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 96.2 % after 360 cycles at room temperature. This work provides a simple approach for synthesizing high-purity Na 2 S at low cost, enabling the large-scale application of sulfide SSEs for ASSSBs. [Display omitted] • A simple method has been developed to synthesize high-purity Na 2 S. • Na 3 SbS 4 has been synthesized by as-synthesized Na 2 S and commercial Na 2 S, respectively. • Na 3 SbS 4 prepared by Na 2 S of this work exhibits superior electrochemical performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pb was well selectively leached with Fe(MS) 3 -MSA solution. • Fe(MS) 3 -MSA solution could be regenerated for next time leaching. • The galvanic effect mechanism of selective leaching was proposed. • Cu was more effectively extracted from the obtained residues. The selective leaching of lead from complex polymetallic sulfide secondary concentrate (CPSSC) with the solution mixed by ferric methanesulfonate and methanesulfonic acid (Fe(MS) 3 -MSA) was investigated by leaching experiments, analysis of solids, and electrochemical characterizations. The leaching results showed that stirring rate, liquid–solid ratio, temperature, and ferric concentration greatly influenced Pb extraction rate. At the optimum leaching conditions, 93.1 % Pb, while 3.8 % Cu and 18.8 % Fe were extracted. The selective leaching mechanism was related to the activity of PbS in Fe(MS) 3 -MSA solution and the galvanic effect between sulfides. XRD and SEM-EDS results of leaching residues verified the selective decreases in PbS, and retainment of most Cu, Fe, and Zn. Electrochemical characterizations demonstrated a more stable and higher open-circuit potential, and an increase/decrease in A 0 peak potential/current in LSV curve for the residue's electrode, suggesting the selective decreases in active components (e.g. PbS). After selective leaching, Cu could be easily extracted from residues by pressurized water leaching, and Fe(MS) 3 -MSA solution could be regenerated for recycling used in leaching. These results indicate the great potential of Fe(MS) 3 -MSA solution to selectively leach and separate Pb from CPSSC, and unveil a method to effectively treat refractory CPSSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late Neoproterozoic mantle section in the Gabal Al-Barramiya area, the northwestern corner of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), contains variably serpentinized peridotites that are highly altered along shear zones and thrust planes to form gold-bearing listvenites. They can be categorized into carbonate listvenite, silica-carbonate listvenite and silica listvenite (birbirite). Carbonate listvenite is characterized by the presence of schistosity and deformation fabrics similar to the host serpentinites, but such fabrics are absent in the silica-carbonate and silica listvenites, suggesting that they postdate carbonate listvenite and serpentinization. The presence of listvenites along shears zones and the presence of relics of serpentine and Cr-spinel reflects their formation through metasomatism of ultramafic rocks by hydrothermal fluids circulating along the thrust faults. Silica-carbonate listvenite is characterized by the presence of fuchsite and is enriched in Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, and Au. Rare earth element (REE) contents differ between the studied listvenites. Silica -carbonate listvenite has the lowest total REE (∑₌0.98–2.56 ppm), whereas the silica listvenite contains the highest total of REE (∑ ₌ 15.70–21.42 ppm). Based on the above, carbonate listvenite is the earliest to form by the infiltration of CO 2 –bearing fluids released during serpentinization of the original fore-arc peridotite slab, followed by formation of silica-carbonate listvenite due to the activities of SiO 2 –saturation and CO 2 -bearing fluids released during ophiolite obduction. Fuchsite in silica-carbonate listvenite formed as a result of metasomatic reactions of Si- and K-rich fluids with Cr-spinel due to hydrothermal alteration of serpentinized peridotite. Silica listvenite formed at the final stage by the silicification of the early formed silica-carbonate listvenite. Listvenitization of the mantle section of the Al-Barramiya ophiolite led to concentration of Au, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ag. The silica-carbonate listvenite contains higher concentration of gold (899–2199 ppb) than the carbonate listvenite (119–191 ppb) and silica listvenite (156–233 ppb). • Al-Barramiya serpentinized peridotites are highly altered to gold-bearing listvenites. • Listvenites are categorized into carbonate, silica-carbonate and silica listvenites. • Silica-carbonate listvenite is characterized by the presence of fuchsite. • Listvenitization of the mantle section led to concentration of Au, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ag. • The silica-carbonate listvenite contains highest concentration of gold among other types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mechanochemical modification enabled natural pyrite reduce Cr(VI) in a wide pH range. • Self-regulated neutralization behaviors observed during Cr(VI) removal in initial pH of 2.0–12.3. • Effective reductive-immobilization of Cr occurred at the regulated ring-neutral pH of 5.0–9.0. • Strong acidic/alkaline circumstances only cause Cr(VI) reduction, via Fe(II) or S(−I) pathway. • Pretreated pyrite was successfully applied in treating four industrial chromium wastewaters. The pH of the aqueous environment commonly occurs during the application of natural/modified pyrite in water/soil remediation. In this study, mechanochemical modification of natural pyrite (M−pyrite) was employed to remove Cr(VI) over a wide pH range. Self-regulated neutralization was observed during Cr(VI) removal by M−pyrite in the initial pH range of 2.0–12.3. The reductive immobilization of total Cr occurred effectively when the solution self-regulated to a circumneutral pH (pH 5.0–9.0), but only efficient Cr(VI) reduction occurred under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions. Three pathways, i.e., Fe(II) removal, surface sulfide reduction and both combinations, could be revealed for Cr(VI) removal by M−pyrite at circumneutral pH and under strongly alkaline and acidic conditions. As Cr(VI) is reduced by ferrous and sulfide species, the protons generated from pyrite oxidation by O 2 are consumed, causing neutral restoration to resist the initial sharp decrease in pH. Effective immobilization of the reduced Cr(VI) was confirmed at an initial pH of 5.0–9.0, but this immobilization did not occur at more acidic and alkaline pH values due to strong Fe(II) dissolution or surface precipitation. The M−pyrite was successfully applied in treating four types of saline industrial Cr(VI) wastewaters, demonstrating the advantage of self-regulated neutralization resistance in complex wastewater matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A cation exchange strategy to optimize metal sulfide for high performance. • The preferential absorption of Mg2+/Li+ in Bi-Sb sites and fast migration kinetics induced by Mg2+/Li+ co-insertion. • The prominent lyophilic effect is shown in facilitate ion diffusion. • Multi-step reaction mechanisms and structural evolutions are revealed. Co-intercalation type hybrid magnesium-lithium-ion batteries (MLIBs) have received widespread attention in recent years for higher electrolyte utilization and conspicuous insertion kinetics. However, the co-intercalation strategy is rarely explored in replaceable anode host structures. We propose a cation exchange strategy to optimize metal sulfide, endowing MLIBs with high specific capacity, prominent cycle stability and rate performance. Kinetics analyses combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the preferential absorption of Mg2+/Li+ in Bi-Sb sites and fast migration kinetics induced by Mg2+/Li+ co-insertion. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations further prove the prominent lyophilic effect of the bimetallic sulfide in facilitate ion diffusion. In addition, the multi-step reaction mechanisms and structural evolutions are profoundly revealed by a series of ex-situ investigations. Our findings provide inspirations on exploring novel electrode materials with outstanding electrochemical performance toward large-scale energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium sulfide is considered a promising electrode material for achieving rapid lithium storage ascribing to its high specific capacity, unique crystal structure, and abundant valence states. Unfortunately, the structural collapse induced by volume expansion during charging and discharging is the key factor affecting rapid lithium storage. This article prepares composite materials with different morphologies through a strategy of decorating vanadium sulfide at carbon matrix. Among them, graphene oxide modified vanadium tetrasulfide composite materials with three-dimensional conductive networks exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. When the current density is 50 mA g−1, the discharging specific capacity reaches 1, 560 mAh g−1. After 2, 500 cycles at a high current density of 10, 000 mA g−1, the specific capacity is about 188 mAh g−1 with charging time of approximately 70 s. GITT testing indicates that the order of magnitude of the logarithm of the initial diffusion coefficient is 10−11 cm2 s−1 owing to the three-dimensional porous conductive network, which not only shortens ion diffusion path but also provides more active sites for lithium-ion storage, rendering it a promising anode material for "fast-charging" lithium-ion batteries. [Display omitted] • Vanadium sulfide modified with graphene oxide composite materials. • Electrode materials showing a three-dimensional porous conductive network. • The materials structure is beneficial for "fast- charging" lithium-ion batteries. • Exhibiting approximately 188 mAh g-1 after 2, 500 cycles at 10, 000 mA g-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the food industry, sulfides are commonly used as preservatives and flavor regulators. However, long-term excessive intake of sulfides can lead to serious health problems. Therefore, developing efficient sulfide detection methods is particularly important. Here, we have effectively synthesized a novel bifunctional copper hydroxide nitrate (Cu 2 (OH) 3 NO 3) nanozyme with outstanding peroxidase-like and laccase-like behaviors in basic deep eutectic solvents (DES). Because the various types of sulfides have diverse regulatory effects on the two catalytic behaviors of Cu 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 , a two channel nanozyme sensor array based on the peroxidase-like and laccase-like behaviors of Cu 2 (OH) 3 NO 3 was constructed and successfully used for the identification of six kinds of sulfides (Na 2 S, Na 2 S 2 O 3 , Na 2 SO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , NaHSO 3 , and Na 2 S 2 O 8). Remarkably, the sensor array has achieved successful discrimination among six sulfides present in wine, egg, and milk samples. Finally, the sensor array has successfully distinguished and differentiated three actual samples (wine, egg, and milk). This study is of great significance in promoting the efficient construction of array units and improving the effective identification of sulfides in complex food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photocatalysis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is underpinned by their inherent structures in which the linkage plays a vital role in determining the activity. The transformation of imine into thiazole leads to isomeric structures owing to the different orientations of linkages. Here, two thiazole-linked COFs, COF-TZ-1 and COF-TZ-2, are constructed from two imine-linked COFs, COF-IM-1 and COF-IM-2, with the imine N next to the linker triphenylbenzene and triphenyltriazine, respectively. Despite better absorption, COF-TZ-1 possesses inferior optoelectronic properties to COF-TZ-2. Besides, the dipole moment of COF-TZ-2 is twice that of COF-TZ-1. COF-TZ-2 is much better than COF-TZ-1 for blue light photocatalytic selective oxidation of organic sulfides with O 2 under blue light irradiation. Furthermore, the facile adsorption sites of O 2 are verified by density functional theory calculations, and the generation of superoxide is tracked over COF-TZ-2. This work highlights that subtle variations of COFs can lead to divergent photocatalysis. [Display omitted] • Two imine-linked COFs are transformed to thiazole-linked isomeric COFs. • The orientations of the thiazole linkage tune the dipole moment of the isomeric COFs. • O 2 is favorably adsorbed at the thiazole sites of COF-TZ-2. • COF-TZ-2 is superior to COF-TZ-1 for blue light photocatalysis. • The aerobic oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides over COF-TZ-2 proceeds smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Four generations of pyrite and three types of chalcopyrite were identified at Shuanglong. • Core-to-rim elemental and sulfur isotope changes in Py1 and Py2 show increasing temperature and oxygen fugacity. • Isotopic evolution from Py3 to Py4 and chalcopyrite indicates mixing of magmatic and non-magmatic sulfur during copper mineralization. Geochemistry of sulfides is widely used to constrain sources and ore-forming processes of various mineral deposits. However, its application on Fe–oxide Cu–Au (IOCG) deposits is not well constrained due to multiphase pyrite and Cu minerals and their complex inheritance relationships. The Shuanglong deposit is an IOCG-like deposit in the Eastern Tianshan characterized by abundant Py1 and Py2 in the Fe mineralization stage (II) and Py3 and Py4 in the Cu mineralization stage (III). Chalcopyrite is divided into three types where Ccp1 is formed by replacing Py1 and Py2, Ccp2 coexists with Py4, and higher grade Ccp3 is in quartz–hematite–chalcopyrite veins without pyrite. Py1 and Py2 are associated with multiphase magnetite in stage II Fe mineralization, whereas Py3 coexists with the early epidote replaced by the late calcite–hematite–Py4–Ccp2 assemblage in stage III Cu mineralization. The increasing Co contents and Co/Ni ratios and decreasing δ34S values (∼8‰ to 4 ‰) from core to rim in Py1 and Py2 indicate temperature and oxygen fugacity increases during the input of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Decreasing Co/Ni, increasing Au, and δ34S fluid (from ∼ 6 ‰ to 30 ‰) from Py3 to Py4 show fluid mixing between the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid and oxidized non-magmatic sulfur such as seawater or basinal brine sulfate during the stage III Cu mineralization. Ccp1 inherited its sulfur and certain trace elements such as Pb and Zn from pyrite, whereas the addition of external sulfur contributed to local high-grade Cu mineralization. Such external sulfur may be from the seawater or basinal brine sulfate, with an increasing contribution during precipitation of Ccp2 and Ccp3 shown by fluid δ34S values (from 26 ‰ to 36 ‰). Combined with the decreasing Cd/Zn ratios from Ccp1 to Ccp3 caused by increasing total sulfur in fluids, this suggests that the sulfate sulfur contribution may have played a significant role in the high-grade Cu mineralization in IOCG deposits. This study also highlights the importance of the detailed texture of pyrite using acid etching, coupled with in-situ sulfur isotope and trace elements of pyrite and chalcopyrite for IOCG deposit research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In situ analyses on sulfides help in discriminating the Yongping metallogeny. • The sphalerite and pyrite chemistry from the Yongping area resembles a skarn system. • A narrow range of δ34S V-CDT values from Yongping sulfide suggests a magmatic source. • Jurassic Yanshanian magmatism (Shizitou granitoids) is the primary source of metal enrichment. • Yongping skarn was likely formed at medium–high temperature, magmatic-hydrothermal fluid. Yongping copper deposit is a large-scale polymetallic mine that contains 1.6 Mt of proven Cu metal reserves with an average grade of 0.74 % and contributes significantly to China's production of copper. This deposit is situated in the eastern part of the Qin-Hang Metallogenic Belt (Jiangxi province, SE China) at the contact zone between the Yangtze Cu–Mo metallogenic belt and the Jiangxi W–Sn–REE metallogenic belt. The thick stratiform and lenticular-shaped orebodies are hosted in the Carboniferous Yejiawan Formation, consisting of sandstone, limestone, mudstone, and chert-rich clastic rocks. Dominant metal-bearing minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite with a minor amount of sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, molybdenite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, hematite, and scheelite. Although intensive research has been done on its geological setting, geochemical characteristics, and geodynamic evolution over the past thirty years, the origin and depositional environments have remained controversial. In the current research, in situ trace element geochemistry and sulfur isotope analyses, coupled with microscopic investigation, were conducted on sulfide minerals using the LA-ICP-MS technique. The results display that Yongping pyrite rich in Co, As, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Te and deplete in other trace elements. Sphalerite rich in Fe, Mn, Cu, and Cd, followed by In, Co and Ga. The calculation results of formula T(°C) = (Fe/Zn + 0.2953)/(0.0013) reveal that sphalerite was formed in medium–high temperature conditions (262 °C–377 °C). The δ34S V-CDT values of studied sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite) varied from −1.52 ‰ to 5.13 ‰ with an average of 2.36 ‰, which are highly consistent with those recorded from porphyritic biotite granite stock of Shizitou (from 2.20 ‰ to 4.5 ‰), suggesting a dominantly magmatic origin. Collectively, trace element compositions of analyzed sphalerite and pyrite from the Yongping area exhibit characteristics of typical skarn deposits. Combined with previous studies, we can conclude that the Yongping Cu deposit is a skarn deposit that was most likely formed by contact metasomatism after the intrusion of the Jurassic Huoshaogang-Shizitou granitic stock into the Carboniferous Yejiawan Formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Co is mainly concentrated in violarite, pentlandite and pyrite, and substitutes isomorphically for Fe and Ni. • Lherzolites have heavier δ56Fe pn-ccp than olivine websterites, suggesting different stage of magma. • δ34S increase from pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite to pyrite, implying external S contributed to its sulfide saturation. • Co contents vary with δ56Fe and δ34S, indicating that sulfide segregation was critical to Co enrichment. The Zhubu Ni–Co–PGE sulfide deposit in the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (LIP), SW China is hosted by a mafic–ultramafic intrusion that comprises two morphologically distinct ore-forming spaces: a central, layered sequence that represents a magma chamber surrounded by a marginal sub-vertical conduit zone. The marginal conduit zone contains significant Ni–Co–PGE sulfide mineralization, suggesting that high volumes of sulfide-bearing silicate melt flowed through the magma conduit system. Determining the hosts of Co is key to understanding the Co enrichment process in the Zhubu deposit, as well as in the Emeishan LIP as a whole. We assess this here using the geochemistry and Fe–S isotope compositions of sulfides in the Zhubu deposit. Cobalt is mainly concentrated in pentlandite sulfide in the websterite, with Co contents increasing in the order pyrrhotite < chalcopyrite < pyrite < pentlandite < violarite; the abundance of violarite, however, is notably lower than that of the other sulfides. The Co contents of pentlandite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite are negatively correlated with their Ni and Fe contents, suggesting that Co substitutes isomorphically for Ni and Fe in the sulfide structure. The δ56Fe values of sulfides increase in the order pyrrhotite < chalcopyrite < pentlandite < pyrite resulted from kinetic fractionation of Fe isotopes. The δ56Fe values of pentlandite and chalcopyrite in lherzolite are higher than those in websterite, implying that lherzolite and websterite formed in compositionally distinct magmas, Fe isotope compositions become heavier with crystal fractionation. The δ34S values of sulfides increase in the order pyrrhotite < pentlandite < chalcopyrite < pyrite, similar to the fractionation sequence of sulfide melts, suggesting that externally derived S was added to the magma and contributed to its sulfide saturation. The Co contents of chalcopyrite and pyrite vary positively with δ56Fe values, and negatively with δ34S values, indicating that the addition of externally derived S and resulting sulfide segregation were critical to Co enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The batteries and capacitors have limited energy storage capacity due to reduced electrochemical performance and cycle stability. The existence problem can be overcome by fabricated nanostructured materials via enhanced electrical conduction and a significant surface area are essential for fulfilling the key requirements in evaluating as excellent electrode used in supercapacitors application, like as stability and extraordinarily high performance. This study utilises a cost-effective sonochemical approach to fabricate a ZrS 2 @rGO nanohybrid. The synthesized ZrS 2 and ZrS 2 @rGO nanohybrid electrode were analyzed by their structural behaviour, oxidation state and morphological properties by utilising X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to verify the fabricated material. The addition of rGO sheets to ZrS 2 particles enhances the surface area as well as capacitance of the ZrS 2 @rGO nanohybrid due to superior adsorption of electrolyte ions. The ZrS 2 @rGO nanohybrid demonstrated exceptional stability and attained the exceptional capacitance (C s) of (1237.9 F/g) @ 1 A/g and the energy (68.5 Wh/kg), power density (P d) of 315.7 W/kg during GCD (galvanostatic charge/discharge) analysis by utilising three-electrode setup. The ZrS 2 @rGO nanohybrid exhibits exceptional electrochemical properties, which proved to be an excellent material for their significant storage, unlike batteries and simple capacitors, as well as used as considerable potential for future technological advancements and energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the intensive cyanidation of gravity gold concentrates, sodium m-nitrobenzene sulfonate (NBS) is often used to supplement dissolved oxygen as the oxidant in the process. A previous paper presented the results of a largely electrochemical study of the behaviour of NBS during cyanidation of gold. The results confirmed that NBS acts as an oxidant in the cyanidation of gold and that the mixed potential model can be applied to describe the mechanism of its action. This paper explores the corresponding oxidation of sulfide minerals, that inevitably are contained in gold concentrates, by either dissolved oxygen or NBS. Using electrochemical techniques it was found that dissolved oxygen is effective in the oxidation of several sulfide minerals at pH values between 9 and 11. The effect of cyanide on both the anodic and cathodic processes has been studied. NBS has been found to be ineffective as an oxidant for all minerals tested except galena, even in the presence of cyanide. • Effect of oxygen and NBS on mineral mixed potential good indicator of the rate of mineral oxidation. • Cathodic reduction of NBS occurs at potentials too negative to oxidise the sulfide minerals. • Relative rates of oxidation of minerals by dissolved oxygen in absence and presence of cyanide. • The presence of cyanide results in reduced rates of oxidation of most minerals except chalcopyrite and galena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical composition and electronic structure of the native-oxide-covered Al x Ga 1– x As(100) (x ∼ 0.3) surfaces were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence before and after treatment at room temperature with a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium sulfide in order to get inside into mechanism of sulfide solution interaction with aluminum-containing III–V alloys. Even short treatment of the n-AlGaAs(100) surface leads to the removal of the most of the native oxide layer so that the surface is covered with a thin layer of residual aluminum and gallium oxides with a thickness of approximately 1 ML, which can be formed during air exposure after termination of the chemical treatment. Longer treatment of the n -AlGaAs(100) surface does not further reduce the amount of residual aluminum and gallium oxides. The etching of native oxide layer on the p-AlGaAs(100) surface proceeds slower and the lowest amount of residual aluminum and gallium oxides is achieved after etching for 12 min. At the same time sulfur is hardly adsorbed at the AlGaAs(100) surfaces after interaction with the solution. It is found that the lower the amount of residual aluminum and gallium oxides on n- and p-AlGaAs(100) surfaces, the higher is the photoluminescence intensity. The band bending on the native-oxide-covered n- and p-AlGaAs(100) surfaces is about 0.85 and 0.5 eV, respectively, while the ionization energy is nearly the same for both surfaces. Treatment of n- and p-AlGaAs(100) surfaces with an aqueous sodium sulfide solution causes simultaneous decrease in their ionization energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multi-hierarchical CuS/SnIn 4 S 8 S-scheme heterojunction is reported for the first time. • The S-scheme heterostructure greatly facilitates the charge separation and transfer. • The outstanding photothermal property substantially improves the catalytic reactions. • The catalyst exhibits impressive full-spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen production. Various methods aimed at enhancing light trapping and charge separation efficiencies have emerged as a central research focus in the field of photocatalysis. This study marks the successful construction of CuS/SnIn 4 S 8 composite photocatalysts for the first time. Firstly, the interesting multi-hierarchical architecture enables efficient light harvesting and abundant active sites. Secondly, the excellent photothermal effect of the composite makes its surface temperature reach up to 173 °C after 300 s exposure to simulated sunlight. Thirdly, the S-scheme heterojunction establishes a unique channel guaranteeing improved charge separation and transfer as well as boosted charge reactivity. Thanks to these synergistic effects, the developed CuS/SnIn 4 S 8 heterostructure demonstrates superior solar-driven photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production, with an average hydrogen evolution rate of as high as 6235.72 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 20 times and 4 times higher than that of single-phase CuS and SnIn 4 S 8 , respectively. This work proposes a novel concept for the design of photothermal-assisted composite photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]