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Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-Exos) can recruit stem cells for bone repair, with neovessels serving as the main migratory channel for stem cells to the injury site. However, existing exosome (Exo) delivery strategies cannot reach the angiogenesis phase following bone injury. To that end, an enzyme-sensitive Exo delivery material that responds to neovessel formation during the angiogenesis phase was designed in the present study to achieve spatiotemporally controlled Exo release. Herein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) was found to be highly expressed in neovascularized bone; as a result, we proposed an injectable MMP1-sensitive hydrogel microspheres (KGE) made using a microfluidic chip prepared by mixing self-assembling peptide (KLDL-MMP1), GelMA, and BMSC-Exos. The results revealed that KGE microspheres had a uniform diameter of 50-70 µm, ideal for minimally invasive injection and could release exosomes in response to MMP1 expression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that KGE had less cytotoxicity and could promote the migration and osteodifferentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that KGE could promote bone repair during angiogenesis by recruiting CD90+ stem cells via neovessels. Collectively, our results suggest that injectable enzyme-responsive KGE microspheres could be a promising Exo-secreting material for accelerating neovascularized bone healing. Exosomes can spread through blood vessels and activate stem cells to participate in bone repair, but under normal circumstances, exosomes lacking sustained-release delivery materials cannot be maintained until the angiogenesis phase. In this study, we found that MMP1 was highly expressed in neovascularized bone, then we proposed an MMP1-sensitive injectable microsphere that carries exosomes and responds temporally and spatially to neovascularization, which maximizes the ability of exosomes to recruit stem cells. Different from previous strategies that focus on promoting angiogenesis to accelerate bone healing, this is a brand new delivery strategy that is stimuli-responsive to neovessel formation. In addition, the preparation of self-assembled peptide microspheres by a microfluidic chip is also proposed for the first time. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine coral aggregate has a porous structure and high water absorption, which can be used as an internal curing medium. In this study, the pore characteristics and water absorption-desorption of fine coral aggregate were investigated, as well as the difference in internal curing of fine coral aggregate between freshwater and seawater mixed cement mortars with a low water-to-cement ratio. The results showed that the pore size of fine coral aggregates is mostly larger than 1 μm. In addition, the seawater can promote the hydration of cement, improve the early strength, and increase autogenous shrinkage and later-age drying shrinkage of cement mortars. On the other hand, it can accelerate the release of internal curing water from fine coral aggregates into the matrix. Based on experiments, three stages of early autogenous shrinkage development were discussed and an autogenous shrinkage calculation model for cement mortars mixed with seawater and fine coral aggregates was proposed. Moreover, the optimal volume replacement content of fine coral aggregate in cement mortars mixed with freshwater or seawater was calculated, which indicates that it is necessary to modify the pore structure of fine coral aggregates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Network pharmacology showed that the targets of ciliary diseases regulated by naringenin were significantly enriched in inflammation and oxidative stress pathways. • Naringenin exerted its protective effect on ciliary structure and number in part via modulation of the IL-17 signaling pathway. • Naringenin alleviated CSE-induced decrease in cilia beat frequency by activating cAMP signaling pathway. Cigarette smoke impairs mucociliary clearance via mechanisms such as inflammatory response and oxidative injury, which in turn induces various respiratory diseases. Naringenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid in grapes and grapefruit, has exhibited pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antioxidant properties. However, it is still unclear whether naringenin protects airway cilia from injury caused by cigarette smoke. This study aimed to investigate the effect of naringenin on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced structural and functional abnormalities in airway cilia and highlight the potential regulatory mechanism. Initially, network pharmacology was used to predict the mechanism of action of naringenin in ciliary disease. Next, HE staining, immunofluorescence, TEM, qRT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were performed to assess the effects of naringenin on airway cilia in tracheal rings and air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of Sprague Dawley rats after co-exposure to CSE (10% or 20%) and naringenin (0, 25, 50, 100 μM) for 24 h. Finally, transcriptomics and molecular biotechnology methods were conducted to elucidate the mechanism by which naringenin protected cilia from CSE-induced damage in ALI cultures. The targets of ciliary diseases regulated by naringenin were significantly enriched in inflammation and oxidative stress pathways. Also, the CSE decreased the number of cilia in the tracheal rings and ALI cultures and reduced the ciliary beat frequency (CBF). However, naringenin prevented CSE-induced cilia damage via mechanisms such as the downregulation of cilia-related genes (e.g., RFX3, DNAI1, DNAH5, IFT88) and ciliary marker proteins such as DNAI2, FOXJ1, and β-tubulin IV, the upregulation of inflammatory factors (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, IL-13), ROS and MDA. IL-17 signaling pathway might be involved in the protective effect of naringenin on airway cilia. Additionally, the cAMP signaling pathway might also be related to the enhancement of CBF by naringenin. In this study, we first found that naringenin reduces CSE-induced structural disruption of airway cilia in part via modulation of the IL-17 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we also found that naringenin enhances CBF by activating the cAMP signaling pathway. This is the first report to reveal the beneficial effects of naringenin on airway cilia and the potential underlying mechanisms. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from alveolar macrophages were investigated in vivo and in vitro. • The EVs from cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated alveolar macrophage induced ferroptosis in pulmonary epithelial cells. • The most dramatically altered miRNA in alveolar macrophage-derived EVs from CSE and naringenin treatment was miR-23a-3p. • Naringenin-increased EV miR-23a-3p attenuated the mouse lung epithelial ferroptosis by targeting ACSL4. Alveolar macrophages are one of the momentous regulators in pulmonary inflammatory responses, which can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) packing miRNAs. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, is associated with cigarette smoke-induced lung injury, and EVs have been reported to regulate ferroptosis by transporting intracellular iron. However, the regulatory mechanism of alveolar macrophage-derived EVs has not been clearly illuminated in smoking-related pulmonary ferroptosis. Despite the known anti-ferroptosis effects of naringenin in lung injury, whether naringenin controls EVs-mediated ferroptosis has not yet been explored. We explore the effects of EVs from cigarette smoke-stimulated alveolar macrophages in lung epithelial ferroptosis, and elucidate the EV miRNA-mediated pharmacological mechanism of naringenin. Differential and ultracentrifugation were conducted to extract EVs from different alveolar macrophages treatment groups in vitro. Both intratracheal instilled mice and treated epithelial cells were used to investigate the roles of EVs from alveolar macrophages involved in ferroptosis. Small RNA sequencing analysis was performed to distinguish altered miRNAs in EVs. The ferroptotic effects of EV miRNAs were examined by applying dual-Luciferase reporter assay and miRNA inhibitor transfection experiment. Here, we firstly reported that EVs from cigarette smoke extract-induced alveolar macrophages (CSE-EVs) provoked pulmonary epithelial ferroptosis. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 treatment reversed these changes in vitro. Moreover, EVs from naringenin and CSE co-treated alveolar macrophages (CSE+Naringenin-EVs) markedly attenuated the lung epithelial ferroptosis compared with CSE-EVs. Notably, we identified miR-23a-3p as the most dramatically changed miRNA among Normal-EVs, CSE-EVs, and CSE+Naringenin-EVs. Further experimental investigation showed that ACSL4, a pro-ferroptotic gene leading to lipid peroxidation, was negatively regulated by miR-23a-3p. The inhibition of miR-23a-3p diminished the efficacy of CSE+Naringenin-EVs. Our findings firstly provided evidence that naringenin elevated the EV miR-23a-3p level from CSE-induced alveolar macrophages, thereby inhibiting the mouse lung epithelial ferroptosis via targeting ACSL4, and further complemented the mechanism of cigarette-induced lung injury and the protection of naringenin in a paracrine manner. The administration of miR-23a-3p-enriched EVs has the potential to ameliorate pulmonary ferroptosis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Oxygen is known as an irreplaceable gas in the lives of most eukaryotic cells, yet researchers underestimate its importance, as in the case in many studies of tumors. The variable oxygen content of malignant solid tumors increases the difficulty of treatment. Thus, it could be reasonably inferred that the tumor oxygen microenvironment, if efficiently and completely regulated, could bring certain changes to existing therapies. Based on this speculation, an acid-responsive, oxygen-scavenging and anaerobic-sensitizing nanoparticle was designed to regulate the oxygen level of solid tumor by creating an artificial anaerobic environment in our study. The Mg 2 Si core, which acted as a deoxygenating agent, was able to consume tumor oxygen and cause cell dormancy, while the incorporated hydrophobic tirapazamin (TPZ) helped to kill the now-dormant tumor cells. This simple and nontoxic nanoparticle achieved controllable factitious anaerobic circumstance in solid tumor for the first time, displaying the considerable potential and promising application of tumor gaseous microenvironment regulation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the progresses in high-performance coral aggregate concrete from raw materials, design principle, mechanical properties, volume stability, durability and microstructure. In comparison to natural concrete (NC) of the same strength grade, coral aggregate concrete (CAC) exhibits higher early strength and better fatigue and impact resistance. It is possible to design an ultra-high strength CAC with a compressive strength of 135–150 MPa at 28 days. However, the volume stability of CAC is inferior to that of NC. There is a critical relationship between the internal curing and porous structure of coral aggregate on durability of CAC. Adding supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can reduce the chloride ion permeability of CAC by about 60%. The cube compressive strength of CAC and the microhardness of interface transition zone (ITZ) in CAC can be increased by about 20% through aggregate modification. Finally, the current problems of CAC research are pointed out, and the prospect of future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbal formulae has multiple active constituents and targets, and the good clinical response is encouraging more scientists to explore the bio-active ingredients in such complex systems. Yi-Fei-San-Jie formula (YFSJF) is commonly used to treat patients with lung cancer in South China; however, its bio-active ingredients remain unknown. We investigated the bio-active ingredients of the YFSJF using a novel comprehensive strategy. A549 cell extraction coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for the screening of potential bio-active ingredients. Network pharmacology approach and molecular dynamics simulation were performed for the screening of targets. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay and molecular biology techniques were used to verify the targets. Nine A549 cell membrane-binding compounds were identified through cell extraction/UPLC-MS/MS. Five compounds, namely ginsenoside Ro, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rc, peimisine, and peimine were cytotoxic to A549 cells, and they were considered the bio-active ingredients of the YFSJF in vitro. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that TGFBR2 is the key target and the TGFβ pathway is the key pathway targeted by YFSJF in non-small cell lung cancer. Peimisine showed an affinity to TGFBR2 using molecular docking and dynamic stimulation, which was confirmed using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The molecular biology-based analysis further confirmed that peimisine targets TGFBR2 and can reverse A549 epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting the TGFβ pathway. Taken together, cell extraction/UPLC-MS/MS, network pharmacology, and molecular biology-based analysis comprise a feasible strategy to explore active ingredients in YFSJF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metabolism of flavonoids derived from orange juice in Chinese volunteers has not been well investigated. With the ultra-fast liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) system, orange juice-derived flavonoids, as well as metabolites contained in urine collected from healthy Chinese volunteers after consumption of 250 mL orange juice, were systematically identified and quantified. Finally, a total of 9 flavonoids and 30 metabolites were detected. Obtained results revealed that flavonoids derived from orange juice underwent extensive phase II metabolism in human, mainly comprising glucuronidation and sulfation. The overall recovery of the primary flavonoid aglycones, i.e., naringenin and hesperetin, were both approximately equivalent 22% of intake, primarily occurred in 4–12 h post consumption. Meanwhile, additional 35 phenolic catabolites were identified in urine collected post consumption. However, it is difficult to determine the exact amounts of phenolic catabolites derived from specific flavonoid due to the interference of diets and other flavonoids. This work would be valuable for the clarification of metabolic profiles for flavonoids in Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to explore the clinical value of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and serum amyloid A (SAA) in early diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. CRP, PCT, and SAA levels of children with bacterial pneumonia, children with non-bacterial pneumonia, and healthy children were compared. The sensitivity and specificity of CRP, PCT, and SAA in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in children were compared. CRP, PCT, and SAA levels were significantly lower in healthy children when compared with children with Community acquired pneumonia (CAP). ROC analyses showed that CRP, PCT, and SAA all had good accuracy in distinguishing bacterial pneumonia from non-bacterial pneumonia. The combination of CRP, PCT, and SAA further enhanced the accuracy in distinguishing bacterial pneumonia from non-bacterial pneumonia. In conclusion, the expression levels of CRP, PCT, and SAA could indicate the status of bacterial pneumonia. The combined test of CRP, PCT, and SAA had the highest diagnostic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Jasminum amplexicaule Buch.-Ham. (Oleaceae) has been commonly used in the traditional medicine in dysentery, diarrhoea and bellyache in China. In the present work, the methanol extract of Jasminum amplexicaule and different fractions of this extract were studied for anti-diarrhoea and analgesic activities. The anti-diarrhoea activities were investigated using castor oil-induced, magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models, antienteropooling assay and gastrointestinal motility models in mice. The analgesic activities were studied using hot-plate, writhing and formalin models in mice. At the doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg, the methanol extract (ME) showed significant and dose-dependent anti-diarrhoea and analgesic activity in these models. The chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and the residual methanol fraction (RMF) exhibited similar activity using a dose of 200mg/kg in these models. The pharmacological activities of the n-butanol fraction (BUF) were lesser than the ME extract and other fractions. These results may support the fact that this plant is traditionally used to cure diarrhoea and pain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Epidemiological studies have reported association of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a major metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides (PYRs), with respiratory disease. However, knowledge regarding its effect on pulmonary function in susceptible children is limited. This study aimed to assess the associations between environmental 3-PBA concentrations and pulmonary function in children aged 6–17 years. Using data on 1174 children aged 6–17 years from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012, the exposure to PYRs was assessed by measuring urinary 3-PBA concentrations and pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry. Multivariable linear regression and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to examine the associations between 3-PBA concentrations and pulmonary function in children, controlling for confounders. We found that 3-PBA concentrations were inversely associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the pediatric population (p -trends < 0.05). When stratified by age (6–10 and 11–17 years) and gender (boys and girls), the adverse effects of PYR exposures on pulmonary function were more pronounced among boys aged 11–17 years. Among this age group, 3-PBA concentrations were negatively associated with FEV 1 , FVC, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF 25–75%), and PEF. However, among children aged 6–10 years, no associations were found between 3-PBA concentrations and any of the pulmonary function measures, in either boys or girls. Our findings suggest that environmental PYR exposures may adversely affect children's pulmonary function, with the strongest associations among 11–17 years old boys. Image 1 • 3-PBA is a biomarker of pyrethroids associated with adverse health outcomes. • We examined the relation of 3-PBA with pulmonary function among children. • 3-PBA levels were negatively associated with children's pulmonary function. • Negative associations were more pronounced among boys aged 11 - 17 years. Environmental exposure to pyrethroids insecticides has harmful effects on children's pulmonary function, with negative associations more pronounced among boys aged 11–17 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Identify prototype and catabolites of Naoxintong Capsules (NXTC) in beagle dog plasma. • Characterize crucial in vivo biotransformation pathways of absorbed constituents of NXTC. • Pharmacokinetics of six key components of NXTC. Naoxintong Capsule (NXTC), a standardized herbal medicine, has been widely applied in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with remarkable efficacy. However, the efficacy contributing components of NXTC are unclear, and the in vivo absorption and metabolism processes of NXTC remain largely obscured. In this study, using beagle dog as model species, we have identified and tentatively characterized 25 prototype and 15 catabolites of NXTC in beagle dog plasma by ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). We have proposed the in vivo bio-transformation pathways of these absorbed constituents. In addition, for six crucial components, we have developed a quantitative method and conducted plasma pharmacokinetic study of these six components by rapid resolution liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (RRLC-QQQ-MS/MS). In conclude, our study provided comprehensive insights into the understanding of the plasma absorbed components profiling of NXTC as well as their in vivo transformation behaviors, which would be of great value for identifying efficacy contributing critical components as well as mechanism related investigations of NXTC in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Baihu-Guizhi decoction (BHGZD) has been extensively used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a satisfying therapeutic effect. However, the material basis and the underlying mechanisms of BHGZD against RA have not been fully elucidated.Purpose: To investigate the chemical profile and the pharmacological mechanisms of BHGZD against RA.Methods: The chemical constituents containing in BHGZD were identified using UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS system, and the corresponding putative targets were predicted. Then, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and normal control groups were identified using microarray analysis. After constructing the interaction network of "RA-related gene-BHGZD putative target", BHGZD candidate targets against RA were screened by topological analysis and further experimentally validated based on AIA rat model.Results: A total of 41 chemical constituents were identified in the water extract of BHGZD, which were predicted to hit 1312 putative targets. Additionally, 26 DEGs between the AIA and normal control groups were defined as "RA-related genes", which were functionally involved into the imbalance of "inflammation-immune" system during RA progression. On the basis of the topological importance in the network of "RA-related gene-BHGZD putative target", 177 BHGZD candidate targets against RA were identified. Among them, TLR4, c-Fos/AP-1, IL2 and TNF had direct interactions with each other and also function as crucial components of toll-like receptor and T cell receptor signaling pathways, which may play important roles in maintaining the balance of "inflammation-immune" system. Experimentally, we verified that BHGZD dose-dependently attenuated the severity, pathological changes, as well as mechanical, cold, and heat hypersensitivities during RA progression based on the AIA rat model. Further western blot analysis demonstrated that BHGZD significantly reduced the protein levels of TLR4, c-Fos/AP-1, IL2 and TNF, which were induced by RA modeling, in the inflamed joints of AIA rats (all p<0.05).Conclusion: This study combining the chemical and transcriptomic profilings, target prediction, network calculation and experimental validations identifies the chemical constituents containing in BHGZD and offers the convincing evidence that BHGZD may ameliorate RA partially by restoring the balance of "inflammation-immune" system and subsequently reversing the pathological events during RA progression through regulating the TLR4-c-Fos-IL2-TNF axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPsA) have attracted widespread attention. Antibiotic adjuvants can give a second life to antibiotics that bacteria have developed resistance to. Pithecellobium clypearia is a medicinal plant used in China for treating various diseases, including infections. Pithecellobium clypearia may have the potential as an antibiotic adjuvant to enhance the effect of antibiotics. The antibacterial and synergistic activities of extract from Pithecellobium clypeari a (S20b) and antibiotics, alone and in combination with MDRAB and MDRPsA, were evaluated in vitro against 20 clinic multidrug-resistant isolates by the micro-dilution and checkerboard dilution methods. The compounds in S20b were analysed by RRLC-MS/MS. The mechanism of S20b was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). S20b demonstrated potential inhibitory activity against MDRAB and MDRPsA and showed a synergistic effect of interaction with the antibiotics in this experiment. The TEM results confirmed that S20b could damage the bacterial cell wall. Moreover, the effects of S20b on the reversion resistance of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa against the corresponding antibacterial agents could possibly be associated with the increase in bacterial membrane permeability. S20b increased the efficiency of antibiotics against MDRAB and MDRPsA. This study is the first to demonstrate that S20b from Pithecellobium clypearia may have potential use as a therapeutic agent to against MDRAB and MDRPsA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluorescent material is developing rapidly as a new type of material. Nanofluorescent probes have broad application prospects in biological analysis, drug metabolism, and semiconductor optical materials. Chitosan is non-toxic and rich in nature which has good biocompatibility, and it can be combined with fluorescent probes. Therefore, the preparation and application of Nanofluorescent probes using chitosan as a carrier is summarized in this article. Fluorescent probes can be combined with other different materials through different reaction mechanisms, and the prepared composite materials can be widely used in biomaterials, sewage treatment, medicine and other fields. • Design principle of fluorescent probe was introduce. • Performance of nano-fluorescent probes with different materials was superior. • Important selection of fluorescent molecules in different types of probes was introduced. • Application of chitosan nano-fluorescence probe in biomaterials, sewage treatment, medicine and so on was introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim of the study: As a traditional Chinese medicine, seed of Platycladus orientalis(Linnaeus) Franco has been extensively used as a tonic and sedative remedy. The present study was conducted to investigate whether lifespan was extended and the mechanisms of n-butanol extract from seed of Platycladus orientalis (BSPO) in Caenorhabditis elegans. The findings could provide the pharmacological basis for a treatment in traditional medicine. Materials and methods: Lifespan extension by BSPO was evaluated under normal culture conditions and in a stress test. A possible mechanism of the anti-aging effect of BSPO, a change in the stress-resistance of related proteins, was also investigated in C. elegans. Results: It has been shown that BSPO could significantly extend lifespan of C. elegans in a concentration dependent manner under normal culture conditions and stress. Further studies demonstrated that BSPO treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, up-regulated resistance to stress of related proteins, including glutathione S-transferase-4 (GST-4) and heat shock protein-16.2 (HSP-16.2), and reduced the amount of lipofuscin in transgenic C. elegans. Conclusion: These results indicated that BSPO extended the lifespan, which could be attributed to its direct ROS scavenging activity, reducing the amount of lipofuscin and increasing the expression of gens associated with resistance to stress. These obtained data provided valuable support for traditional clinical practice to extend lifespan and to provide tonic remedy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During the permeability evolution process, coal permeability rebound and recovery is an important behaviour. Currently, studies on it mainly focus on the effects of reservoir pressure changes, but the influence of temperature is also significant. In the study, a binary gas permeability evolution model was constructed, which considers the competition mechanism between effective stress, gas adsorption/desorption, and thermal expansion. The model was employed to study the dynamic evolution of various parameters during CO 2 injection into CH 4 -containing coal at different temperatures. The findings demonstrate a complex permeability evolution over time, characterized by a rapid decrease followed by a significant increase and then another gradual decrease. And the time required for permeability rebound and recovery increases as the temperature increases. Moreover, by monitoring the law of gas migration at fixed points and other methods to obtain the changing trend of CO 2 flow rate and CO 2 cumulative storage volume on a time scale. The results showed that both CO 2 flow rate and CO 2 cumulative storage volume decreased with increased permeability rebound and recovery time. Inspired by the abovementioned laws, this study proposed using the stage-pressure injection method in high-temperature coal. Results indicate that the stage-pressure method can increase the CO 2 injection effect. • The influence of coal seam temperature on permeability rebound and recovery time in CO 2 -ECBM is analyzed. • The effects of permeability rebound and recovery evolution on CO 2 injection are analyzed. • The feasibility of pressure injection of CO 2 in coalbed with high ground temperature is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep deficiency has been reported to be associated with some oral health problems. Oral ulcers are very common lesions of the oral mucosa, which severely impact patients' quality of life. However, the association between sleep deficiency and the oral ulcer remains unknown. The present study aims to explore the effects of sleep deficiency on oral ulcers. Rats were divided into normal control group (n = 30) and oral ulcer group (OU group, n = 50). Model rats with phenol-induced oral ulcers were deprived of sleep for 72 h by using the modified multiple platform technique. Sleep deprivation worsened oral ulcers and delayed healing process in rats. In addition, sleep deprivation increased the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, P < 0.01) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, P < 0.05) levels in serum and brain, the corticotrophin (ACTH, P < 0.05), corticosterone (CORT, P < 0.01), immunoglobulin (Ig)M (P < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (P < 0.01), interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01), IL-8 (P < 0.01), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (P < 0.01), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, P < 0.01) levels in serum. Sleep deprivation also up-regulated malonaldehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05), TNF-α (P < 0.05), and IL-1β (P < 0.01) levels in oral mucosa tissue and delayed superoxide dismutase (SOD, P < 0.05) activity recovery. These data suggest that sleep deprivation impaired the oral ulcer healing in rat oral mucosa, and the mechanisms of this effect are probably related to neuro-immuno-endocrine system and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the process of coal mining and coalbed methane extraction, the application of hydraulic techniques generally leads to the spontaneous imbibition of water in coal seams. To study spontaneous imbibition of water in coal and evaluate its influence on methane desorption and diffusion, experiments of spontaneous imbibition in coal containing methane were conducted under different adsorption equilibrium pressure and water imbibition ratios. The displacement effect of water during imbibition was investigated, and methane desorption was also tested under atmospheric-pressure conditions. Imbibition test results show that adsorbed methane can be displaced by water. The displacement amount and its efficiency increase with water imbibition ratio, but an upper limit on the displacement amount exists because of the limited imbibition capacity. Desorption test results show an inhibitory effect of water blocking on methane desorption and diffusion. The desorption time increases and diffusivity decreases with the imbibition ratio. However, the time-dependent characteristics of desorption ratio indicate that the desorption process is temporarily delayed rather than completely stopped by water blocking. Moreover, the residual methane amount decreases with the water imbibition ratio based on long-time-scale desorption, suggesting that spontaneous imbibition of water can promote methane desorption on the whole. The scale effects of coal samples and actual conditions on methane adsorption, desorption and imbibition are also discussed. These findings show the multiple effects of spontaneous imbibition on methane desorption in coal and help in better understanding the overall effects of water-based treatment techniques on coalbed methane extraction and coal seam gas control for mining safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the wide application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), their potential damage to human health needs to be investigated. Lung is one of the main target organs after inhalation of AgNPs. Naringenin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of naringenin against AgNPs-induced lung injury and determine the underlying mechanism. In in vivo experiments, AgNPs were intratracheally instilled into ICR mice (l mg/kg) to establish a lung injury model. These mice were then treated with naringenin by oral gavage (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) for three days. Naringenin treatment decreased the levels of white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the blood, ameliorated lung injury, suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, normalized ferroptotic markers and prevented oxidative stress with elevating Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions in lung. In in vitro experiments, BEAS-2B cells were firstly treated with AgNPs (320 μg/mL) and then naringenin (25, 50, and 100 μM), respectively. Naringenin attenuated AgNPs-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Moreover, naringenin attenuated AgNPs-induced apoptosis with modulated low BAX, CytC, cleaved Caspase9, cleaved Caspase3 but high Bcl2. Furthermore, naringenin effectively decreased ferroptotic markers and increased the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1, as well as increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Importantly, the anti-apoptotic and anti-ferroptotic effects of naringenin in BEAS-2B cells were found to be at least partially Nrf2-dependent. These results indicated that naringenin exerted anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-ferroptosis effects and protected against AgNPs-induced lung injury at least partly via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria is a prevalent fatal disease in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Combinations of Artemisinin, folate antagonists, quinolines, and antibiotics are major choices in clinics. Currently, wide range of parasite's resistance necessitates the search for chemical compounds with new structures and novel antimalarial targets. The literature review was performed covering the relevant literatures published from 1966 to 2021. On the basis of structural classification (spiro-peroxides, spiroindolones, spirocyclohexadienones et al.), different types of molecules were summarized with resources, anti-malarial activities, structure-activity relationship, target introductions, resistance, development progress, and synthetic strategies, for the purpose of providing comprehensive information for developing antimalarial drugs to overcome drug resistance and highlighting the importance of the spiral structure in medicinal chemistry. [Display omitted] • Structure-activity relationship and synthetic strategies of antimalarial spirals were summarized. • Spirals are promising for treatment of drug resistance. • Synthetic efforts were made for efficiency and environmentally concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]