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In this paper, we will focus on the reverse space–time Fokas–Lenells equation. According to the Lax pair, the semi-degenerate Darboux transformation will be constructed by Taylor expansions. Based on the determinant form, some rogue wave solutions will be derived on the three types of backgrounds, including M-shaped periodic waves, mixed M-shaped periodic waves and breather, mixed single-periodic and double-periodic waves. And the rogue waves in various backgrounds can be transformed into the corresponding backgrounds waves with parameters selection. The dynamic features of those solutions will be discussed via graphical illustration. It is worth mentioning that these results are novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (2 + 1) -dimensional nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger–Maxwell–Bloch system with P T -symmetric potentials will be investigated in this paper. The (2 + 1) -dimensional Darboux transformation will be constructed, some explicit solutions including periodic waves solutions, soliton solutions and complexiton solutions will be obtained under different backgrounds, and the interaction behaviors of those solutions will be discussed through some figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Ni-Co-S CEs with amorphous structure have been designed and synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass by a potential reversal electrodeposition technique, resulting in the DSC based on Ni-Co-S CE with the optimized Ni/Co ratio has achieved the highest PCE of 8.18% than that of the DSC with Pt CE (6.33%). Highlights • Amorphous Ni-Co-S films are synthesized by a potential reversal deposition technique. • Electrocatalytic activity of Ni-Co-S films is controlled by tuning the Ni/Co ratio. • Honeycomb-like Ni-Co-S-1:1.5 film exhibits the highest electrocatalytic performance. • The PCE of DSC with Ni-Co-S-1:1.5 CE is 8.18%, and 29.2% higher than Pt CE (6.33%). Abstract Nickel cobalt sulfides (Ni-Co-S) have been extensive developed as platinum-free counter electrode (CE) materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSCs with Ni-Co-S CEs needs to be further improved by changing crystalline structure of Ni-Co-S. Herein, Ni-Co-S with amorphous structure have been synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by a potential reversal electrodeposition technique. The morphology of Ni-Co-S films can be controlled through adjusting the molar ratio of Ni and Co ions in the electroplating solution. Ni-Co-S films can be directly applied as low-cost CEs of DSCs. The results demonstrate that Ni-Co-S CEs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance for I 3 − reduction, owing to the synergistic effect and amorphous structure of Ni-Co-S films. Particularly, the DSC based on Ni-Co-S CE with the optimized Ni/Co ratio has achieved the high PCE of 8.18%, which is larger than that of the DSC with platinum (Pt) CE (6.33%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under investigations in this paper is a discrete generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients. Through symbolic computation the discrete spectral problems are analyzed, the discrete N -fold Darboux transformation (DT) is constructed, discrete one and two-soliton solutions in the form of Vandermonde-like determinants are derived and some dynamic behaviors of those solitons are discussed graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we obtain one-fold and N -fold Darboux transformation for the integrable (2 + 1)-dimensional Fokas–Lenells equations by determinant representations. The local and Ablowitz–Musslimani type nonlocal reductions are presented to deduce new integrable systems. A key point for reduced systems is that the special eigenfunctions of spectral problem are used to guarantee the validity of the reduction conditions. Different from the nonlocal (2 + 1)-dimensional Fokas–Lenells equation, the relation between spectral parameters λ 2 j and λ 2 j − 1 is required in the study of Darboux transformation for local (2 + 1)-dimensional Fokas–Lenells equation. In view of reduction formulas and different zeed solutions, multi-soliton solutions are derived. We also illustrate one-soliton and two-soliton solutions by plotting their graphs for particular values of the parameters, some of which include bright solitons, periodic waves, shock waves, breathers, dark solitons, antidark solitons, interactions and parallel propagations of mentioned type of waves. Consequently, it is clearly shown that the solutions of nonlocal (2 + 1)-dimensional Fokas–Lenells equation have new characteristics which differ from the ones of local case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Refractory globus is not rare in clinical practice, but little research about it. Aims To investigate the clinical-psychological characteristics of patients with refractory globus. Methods Six hundred and nineteen globus patients were divided into the refractory globus group ( n = 149) and the non-refractory globus group ( n = 470). All subjects completed the following questionnaires: demographic characteristics, medical information, Hamilton Rating Scale of Anxiety/Depression, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Glasgow Edinburgh Throat Scale, and 36-item Short Form Health Survey. Results No significantly differences were found in demographic characteristics between the two groups, but the refractory globus group had longer disease duration and more serious symptoms. Sought healthcare more frequently but still had poorer quality of life than did the non-refractory globus group. Compared with the non-refractory globus group, the refractory globus group also had higher percentages of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Positive correlations were observed between the severity of globus symptoms and HAMA, HAMD, and PSQI scores. Conclusions Refractory globus is not rare in clinical practice and should receive more attention from patients and doctors because of its severe symptoms, long disease duration, poor quality of life, and accompanied by psychological disorders and sleep disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Large fire disasters have the characteristics of unpredictability, great harmfulness and high profile, and they are easy to become a hot topic on the Internet and develop into public opinion in a short time. If not handled properly, the event may cause adverse public sentiment or even lead to mass incidents. So it is very meaningful to study the network public opinion in large fire disasters. Firstly, the paper introduces the acquisition method of network public opinion information in large fire disasters. Then, an in-depth research on large fire disasters is made from two aspects, which are dissemination of power source and the dissemination law. The dissemination of power source is divided into five types, containing netizens, media, parties, opinion leaders and the government. Several dissemination law curves are also presented. Finally, some coping strategies from the perspective of information release and power sources are put forward. The study provides references and basis for the government to understand the network public opinion in large fire disasters and make corresponding measures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new speckle reduction method, i.e., an adaptive nonlocal means based on fuzzy domain (FANLM), is proposed for polarization imaging despeckling. With this method, speckle is removed by an adaptive nonlocal means in Laplacian pyramid domain. The proposed FANLM method calculates the similarity measure in the fuzzy domain, which can make the similarity measure more precise and accurate. In view of the similarity neighborhood selection problem, an adaptive selection algorithm is proposed. The performance of the proposed FANLM method has been compared with the classic methods. Experimental results show that the visual quality and evaluation indexes outperform the other methods. The researches have important reference values in removing speckle noise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]