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Settlements and dwellings related to pastoral communities in mountainous areas speak to the adaptation strategies of people to this specific environment. This paper describes unprecedented archaeological features found in the Nuratau Mountains of Uzbekistan, dated between the 18th-early 20th centuries AD, and interpreted as living places of pastoralist groups. Preliminary statistical and spatial analyses provide information on the intra- and inter-site organization and the settlement patterns of these communities. We document some variability in patterns of social and spatial organization of the dwellings and campsites and we discuss the interweaving of the ecological and cultural factors governing the settlement systems. When studied as both physical structures and social spaces, the Nuratau campsites contribute to highlight the choices made by pastoral communities in the past and to investigate the integration of human activities in mountain landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seamless learning refers to a learning model in which students can accomplish their learning tasks with the help of technology whenever they are curious in different real-life learning contexts. In the era of artificial intelligence, seamless learning technologies are expected to collect big data from mobile and computer devices, enable analytics to have an in-depth understanding of learning behaviors and patterns, and be flexible in employing suitable educational models to facilitate learning and teaching. This paper aims to build a seamless learning platform for language learners and language instructors by coining the extension of seamless learning based on the theories of mobile learning, ubiquitous learning, and task-based language learning. In order to facilitate formal and informal learning for foreign language learners across individual and social learning spaces, we present Taskcave- a seamless learning platform. Taskcave assists language instructors in assigning vocabulary learning tasks to the students and monitoring their learning activities using an analytic dashboard. Taskcave allows the students to log their learning activities digitally, interact with their classmates, engage in collaborative learning, and receive feedbacks from the teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since automated vehicles (AVs) were first introduced in public imagination, the stated goal of developers has been to develop vehicles that would eventually operate in diverse contexts like any other vehicle. To understand what this entails in real-life traffic, data regarding interactions were extracted from three separately run trials of automated shuttles in low-speed contexts with human road users in Denmark (2018–21) using a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. The underlying data consists of field observations, interviews with road users, geolocalized event registrations, video tracking data, and responses to open-ended surveys. The synthesis suggests that 1) dynamic negotiation of space and timing, 2) handling of situational and traffic system ambiguity, and 3) human road user learning, go beyond what should simply be attributed to a transitory immaturity of the technology. Road users expect other road users to engage in a deeply social negotiation of space and timing. When AVs fail to negotiate, traffic flow is interrupted, and road users express confusion and impatience, until they develop strategies to obstruct or move around the shuttles. We discuss implications on planning in low-car environments. • Interactions between road users and automated shuttles (AS) in three trials. • AS interacted differently in traffic than human road users. • AS lacked social and negotiating skills resulting in traffic interruption. • Human road users developed strategies to deal with AS' interaction behavior. • Planning must consider the demands AS make on both spatial and social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital deep integration of cyber space, physical space and social space facilitates the formation of Cyber–Physical–Social Systems (CPSS). Knowledge empowers CPSS to be capable of solving complex tasks and providing intelligent services. Knowledge representation, fusion, and reasoning are complementary in the knowledge graph and worthy of continuous exploration and in-depth research. Since the concept of knowledge representation learning has been proposed, various models have been developed and demonstrated their superior ability in knowledge fusion and reasoning. In this paper, we investigate the progress and function of representation learning models adopted in knowledge fusion and reasoning, and extract their commonalities and characteristics, which is a perspective that has never been developed before, to provide new ideas for scholars and realize the mutual promotion of knowledge fusion and reasoning. This paper comprehensively reviews classic methods and investigates advanced and emerging works, which are published in authoritative journals or conferences. Furthermore, to overcome the limitations of existing methods, we propose an integrated knowledge representation learning and application framework for CPSS and a series of tensor-based knowledge fusion and reasoning models. Finally, four future directions are discussed in this paper, we analyze the challenges faced by them and suggest promising solutions. • Extensive coverage of emerging advances about knowledge representation learning. • Targeted investigations and new perspectives about knowledge fusion and reasoning. • Tensor-enabled representation learning framework and promising models for CPSS. • Insightful prospects on representation learning-based knowledge reasoning and fusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many women experience giving birth as a negative or even as a traumatic event. Birth space and its occupants are fundamentally interconnected with negative and traumatic experiences, highlighting the importance of the social space of birth. To explore experiences of women who have had a negative or traumatic birth to identify the value, sense and meaning they assign to the social space of birth. A feminist standpoint theory guided the research. Secondary discourse analysis of 51 qualitative data sets/transcripts from Dutch and Czech Republic postpartum women and 551 free-text responses of the Babies Born Better survey from women in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Spain, and the Czech Republic. Three themes and associated sub-themes emerged: 1. The institutional dimension of social space related to staff-imposed boundaries, rules and regulations surrounding childbirth, and a clinical atmosphere. 2. The relational dimension of social space related to negative women-healthcare provider interactions and relationships, including notions of dominance, power, authority, and control. 3. The personal dimension of social space related to how women internalised and were affected by the negative social dimensions including feelings of faith misplaced, feeling disconnected and disembodied, and scenes of horror. The findings suggest that improving the quality of the social space of birth may promote better birth experiences for women. The institutional, relational, and personal dimensions of the social space of birth are key in the planning, organisation, and provision of maternity care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper traces the emergence of the #JusticeForNaqib digital counterpublic that arose in response to the tragic killing of a young man from an ethnically marginalized Pakistani community. Drawing upon a corpus of tweets spanning a year, I elucidate how the stickiness of the hashtag #JusticeForNaqib is shaped by the circulation of diverse emotions, affective encounters with other sticky hashtags, and contact with past histories of oppression and resistance within the Pashtun community. Through a rhetorical analysis of tweets containing the hashtag #JusticeForNaqib, I demonstrate how the affective counterpublic not only provided a collective space for grieving the loss of another young Pashtun man but also enabled activists to challenge prejudicial discourses portraying Pashtuns as terrorists and to mobilize support for offline protests by circulating calls to action and fostering a space to commemorate the social movement's achievements. The study advocates for a deeper understanding of the affective dimensions of the digital counterpublic, particularly in the context of marginalized communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Central Station underground exemplify efficient infrastructure and effective urban design. • The high intensity of underground public spaces promotes social integration. • The efficiency of travelators decreases when the density exceeds one person per square foot. • The narrow widths of travelators limit casual conversations by restricting eye-gaze and turn-taking. • Underground public spaces extend the conventional public realm contributing to the vibrancy of the overall public sphere. This paper investigates how Hong Kongers navigate and utilize the corridors, tunnels, and public spaces of the underground transit hubs at Central Station and Hong Kong Station, accommodating over 250,000 passengers daily. Employing participant observation protocols from urban design research, we documented the locations of social activities and surveyed people's behavior in these underground environments. Despite their grand and efficient engineering, the efficiency of travelators decreases when density exceeds one person per square foot. The narrow widths limit casual conversations. Our findings reveal that people navigate and behave in underground public spaces similarly to above-ground spaces. Additionally, cheaper rents in mezzanine shops and restaurants have enabled these businesses to thrive, benefiting from substantial foot traffic within the transit system. Overall, underground public spaces extend the conventional public realm, catering to diverse social groups and contributing to the vibrancy and vitality of the overall public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reuse of urban abandoned areas, which is constantly increasing, is necessary for urban sustainable development. This paper seeks to examine whether temporary use adopting participatory processes is an appropriate tool for the reuse of urban abandoned areas, while studying the implications for social capital by taking advantage of the social dynamics of space, reinforcing sustainable urban development. We focus on the case of the "Old Hospital" of Alexandroupolis, in Greece, a long-term abandoned area in the inner city. Adopting a socio-spatial perspective through the approach of Lefebvre and Remy, it highlights that temporary use of urban abandoned areas strengthens the socio-spatial dynamics, in conjunction with the logics of space production and appropriation, spatial practices, representations of space and representational spaces. The qualitative survey with local government and stakeholders shows how the production of space applies "top-down" governance and captures visionary scenarios of reuse via temporary use. The quantitative survey with locals identifies weak social capital, which poses obstacles to urban development and community's acceptance of the reuse scenarios. We suggest new logics of space production, through participatory governance for the temporary use of the urban abandoned areas that could enhance social capital and sustainable development, exploiting the social dynamics. • Temporary use of urban abandoned areas aids social capital. • Temporary use of urban abandoned areas boosts sustainable development. • Temporary use and participatory governance help sustainable use of abandoned areas. • Space provides the basis of bottom-up social appropriation through temporary use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing renewable energy (RE) curtailment in power systems necessitates a comprehensive strategy leveraging peak regulation resources from both the power and load sides. On the power side, deep peak shaving of thermal power plants can mitigate surplus electricity during periods of high RE production. On the load side, energy-intensive industrial loads, characterized by large capacity and rapid adjustability, can respond effectively to energy deficits when RE is low. To enhance the peak regulation capacity for optimal RE accommodation, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization method combining electrolytic aluminum load (EAL) regulation with thermal power deep peak shaving (DPS). The study is initiated by developing a sophisticated peak regulation model for the electrolytic aluminum load (EAL), considering production characteristics, cost features, and safety constraints. Subsequently, a collaborative optimization model is formulated, integrating EAL regulation with thermal power deep peak shaving (DPS), aiming to minimize societal peak regulation costs (PRC). Applying this model to a practical regional grid in Yunnan Province reveals substantial reductions in RE curtailment rates, effective minimization of total social PRC, and enhanced operational economics of thermal power DPR under varying wind power scenarios. Notably, the proposed approach requires only minor adjustments to the EAL, ensuring production safety is maintained. This research provides valuable insights for the seamless integration of EAL into grid peak regulation services. • A refined peak regulation model of the electrolytic aluminum load (EAL) is established. • The segmented cost model of the EAL is constructed. • Collaborative optimization integrating EAL regulation and thermal power deep peak shaving. • The effectiveness of collaborative optimization under various RE scenarios is proved. • The influence of EAL regulation space on the social peak regulation effect is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within development literature, recent decades have seen an unequivocal turn towards a call for a decentralised and more contextual and vernacular understanding of social, political and economic development. This paper brings together the development literature on the "participatory turn" with Henri Lefebvre's work on social spaces and autogestion, to move beyond the " what " and " how " of participation, to add the question of " where " in exploring efforts to overcome social segregation and build sustainable integrated communities. It discusses two very distinct regional cases—Kerala (India) and Northern Ireland—as examples to argue that our analysis of the potential for transformative politics in society needs to include a study of its "participatory spaces", and that this requirement transcends simple binaries like North/South, institutional/non-institutional, and top-down/bottom-up. • There is a turn within development literature towards participatory planning. • Emphasis continues to be on the "what" and "how" of participation, not the "where". • Overcoming social segregation necessitates creating shared grassroots spaces. • There is also the need to move beyond binaries like North/South and top-down/bottom-up. • Kerala and Northern Ireland show that shared spaces are important for inclusive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, creativity has become a major focus in organizations competing to develop new products and offer new solutions to the community. Since then, the achitectural firms' workplace have been extensively studied as well as modified to support user creativity, productivity, and satisfaction by offering unique environments that create a social space which encourages collaboration, inspiration, and motivation. These changes are a response to the new connection employees have with their surroundings and how the spatial design facilitates the users' work performance and process. This new focus has played a major role in insuring the organizations' creative success and attracting selective employees. Investigation into the development of the office workplace designs reveals that certain spatial design features have been documented to have different effects on users. Spatial designs features such as colors, light, layout, furniture, plants, etc. become specific components that designers use to construct the workplace. By studying the layout qualities, tangible an intangible elements that compose the spatial environment in three architecture firms, this paper aims to investigate how the spatial design affects the users and how designers can improve the users' workplace experience through observations, interviews and questionnaires. A Post occupancy evaluation reveals that there are certain key features that designers and organizations must consider when designing new workplace environments for creative users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain a deeper understanding of rural health social workers' professional judgement and decision-making in the complex rural and regional environments within which they work. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with South Australian rural health social work leadership team members (n = 10), with focus groups (n = 14) before and after the interviews. Findings: Rural health social workers drew on both spatial and temporal understandings of their professional judgements and decision-making when explaining their rural health social work practice. Concepts of rural time, rural social space and acts of resistance were identified within the rich descriptions of professional judgement and decision-making in practice provided by the rural health social workers. 'Rural time' refers to the additional work that is done by rural health social workers across both their rural personal and professional social spaces. Conclusions: Institutional, systemic and spatial factors, constituted as they are of power dynamics, have implications for the skills needed to maintain a social justice practice. Clear-sighted analysis of these complexities, in the context of social power, can support this ongoing and longer-term project. • 'Rural time' recognises the extra time spent accounting for rurality, e.g. access, rather than the presenting social issues. • 'Rural time' reduces Rural Health Social Workers' time to care, in a monetized and time-pressured rural health environment. • Rural Health Social Workers engage in additional practices in their professional and personal social spaces due to rurality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Presents a crowdsourcing model for cyber-physical-social systems • Highlights the issues of massive data generated in cyber-physical space • Discusses how knowledge transfer can be used to solve an issue effectively [Display omitted] The rapid development of cyber-physical systems results in vast amount of heterogeneous data generated every day. To deal with unstructured data and maintain its security and privacy in smart manufacturing, it is necessary to merge social space with cyber-physical systems to develop cyber-physical-social systems. Crowdsourcing and knowledge transfer can be effective approaches to solve problems of manufacturing and product development, such as inviting hackers to break the security bridge to test the efficacy of the measures and handling enormous data generated in cyber-physical-social system. Crowdsourcing is a novel computing paradigm that leverages human effort to tackle computationally difficult issues, whereas knowledge transfer helps complete the new assignment based on quick access to the existing knowledge. As a result, an enhanced annotation for the work may be done at a low cost via suitable knowledge transfer. This paper introduces cyber-physical-social system and highlights the challenges and issues arising from massive data generated over the internet by various sources, and discusses how pattern recognition techniques can be used to identify anomalies or attacks. It also defines the terms knowledge transfer and crowdsourcing and explains how they can be effectively used to solve a problem in cyber-physical-social systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues related to the safety of the urban environment are widely discussed around the world. The security factor plays a crucial role for residents of large cities when choosing a place to live, relax and work. The way a person defines comfortable places for himself is closely related to social communication. The main communication processes are currently mediated and occur in the information space of social networks through the exchange of opinions and comments. It can be said that the popularity of certain places, parks, attractions is closely related to the information image, subjective assessments of the inhabitants of these places as safe and comfortable. In this paper, we decided to focus on analyzing the communicative practice of city residents who leave reviews in geoinformation services about parks and squares in order to identify markers of safety and comfort. The study was conducted on the example of parks and squares in 19 districts of St. Petersburg. 302 objects of improvement (parks, gardens, squares) were selected, reviews were uploaded for each object. Based on a social survey, a dictionary describing the communicative field of the concept of urban environment security was prepared, and a search was conducted in the database of problems related to the safety of green spaces, which users write about. All reviews are depersonalized. Such data can be used by city authorities when planning new facilities and tracking improvement problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Wellbeing benefits from urban nature are not realised equitably to all residents in diverse urban contexts. • The ontology of co-production provides insights into what mediates everyday experiences of urban nature. • Feelings of ownership, fear of conflict and norms for appropriate uses of space influence human-nature interactions. • Planning tools for optimal allocation of space may reinforce divisions between demographic and socio-economic groups. Urban nature is widely known to provide wellbeing benefits to people and communities, but evidence particularly from diverse and disadvantaged contexts suggests that these benefits are not experienced equally by all. This paper unpacks this complexity by focussing on how urban nature is interacted with to produce relational wellbeing on two diverse inner-city housing estates undergoing regeneration in London, UK. We focus on the role of both formal institutions and the perceptions that people form of spatial features and their meanings and functions, and the manner in which these intermediaries shape human-nature interactions and the co-production of nature's wellbeing impact. Our findings from quantitative and qualitative data demonstrate that urban nature contributes to all aspects of a five-dimensional notion of wellbeing. But social housing residents' and young peoples' ability to experience these benefits is limited. Informal mechanisms of social control such as perceptions of ownership of space and its appropriate uses, and fear of conflict and crime limit the extent to which residents access greenspaces and the activities within them. Together with formal institutions such as tenancy types, housing targets and criteria for optimisation of site allocation, they produce hierarchies of use of public greenspaces and reinforce existing divisions between people of different demographic and socio-economic status. The findings underline the need to facilitate the establishment of shared and inclusive norms concerning access and appropriate uses of natural spaces in housing and greenspace delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the vast majority of gall insects, solitary establishment of a gall is the rule, but the primitively social aphid Tamalia coweni exhibits communal gall occupation under conditions of increased competition for gall sites. Here we tested the hypothesis that gall-sharing rates are a function of variable population densities in galls and on leaves of the host plant. Current results, observed under natural density and temporal variation, demonstrate that population density is a strong predictor of co-occupation rates. Although basal leaf positions were more frequently chosen as gall-induction sites than distal ones, there was no evidence these sites were more likely to be co-occupied. In addition to spatial constraints, temporal constraints may be important in mediating primitive sociality in T. coweni. • High concentrations of Tamalia gall aphids promote sharing of gall space by foundress females. • Under increased competition for sites, Tamalia gall aphids establish multiple galls on the same leaf of the host plant. • Basal leaf positions are more likely to be chosen than distal sites for gall establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiotic factors can have notable effects on animal behaviour at both seasonal and daily time scales. Understanding these effects is a critical consideration in the management and welfare of animals in human care. Herein we evaluated social behaviour and space use patterns of an ex-situ all-male Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) group in relation to seasonal (month) and daily (temperature, humidity, precipitation, time of day) abiotic factors over two years. Our results suggest that abiotic factors have notable influences on Nile crocodile behaviour at both seasonal and daily time scales. Seasonal patterns of behaviour were distinct, particularly between winter-spring and summer. Agonism rates during winter-spring were twice that of those in summer. Wounding was low throughout the year; however, the odds of having a wound increased by at least a factor of six during the winter compared to all other seasons. Also, sociosexual behaviour was almost exclusively observed within three months during the winter-spring seasons. These changes suggest this ex-situ all-male group's social structure was seasonally variable in a manner that appears similar to reproductive seasonal changes observed in in-situ crocodile populations. Additionally, the odds of a crocodile being in water were nearly five times greater in the summer than winter-spring, likely reflective of seasonal differences in thermoregulatory requirements. Daily atmospheric conditions had generally weaker influences on behaviour than season; however, notable changes were observed suggesting daily abiotic variation is an important consideration in crocodile management. For example, morning rates of agonism were 1.5 times greater than afternoon rates, and the odds of a crocodile being in water were 73 % greater in the morning than afternoon. Collectively, these findings emphasize that care and welfare decisions based on behavioural inference may be incomplete, or worse inaccurate, if abiotic influences are not considered. • An ex-situ Nile crocodile group was observed for >1300 hours over two years. • Behaviour was analyzed in relation to seasonal and daily abiotic factors. • Seasonal and daily factors affected behaviour but seasonal influences had stronger effects. • Social behaviour was more frequent in winter-spring than summer. • Agonism and number of crocodiles in water were both greatest in the morning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary residential large urban developments have become a prominent mode of housing development in many cities. Recent studies portray new mechanisms through which social relations and communities are formed. Yet, an integrative multiscale analysis of the social mechanisms that emerge in contemporary housing environments is lacking. Using Bourdieu's social space theory, we examine the transformations in dwelling experience and neighborly relations that integrate a multiscale exploration of the vertical (towers) and the horizontal (complexes of towers), at the center of Israel. We argue that residential large urban developments pose new challenges for dwellers as well as give rise to a new kind of resident-neighbor, presenting a new array of socio-spatial behaviors, needs, expectations, and relations with the urban environment. • Contemporary residential large urban developments (LUDs) have become a prominent mode of housing development in many cities. • Yet, an integrative multiscale analysis of the social mechanisms that emerge in contemporary housing environments is lacking. • Residential LUDs pose new challenges for dwellers, and present new sociospatial relations with the urban environment. • We reveal distinct practices, socio-spatial structures, and positions that shape new dwelling experiences in residential LUDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As guests' norms and behaviours are rapidly evolving in the digital world, explicitly problematizing commensality, a term designating the social aspects of eating with others, is needed in hospitality contexts. This article introduces the "commensal scene" concept, applying Social presence theory to redefine commensality in dining settings amidst digital-age transformations. Challenging traditional views of physical co-presence, it explores the multi-spatial, multi-levelled dynamics of being 'with others' in both physical and digital contexts. The model allows for a deeper understanding of how digital media reshapes presence beyond mere spatial factors. It highlights the evolving nature of guest behaviours and norms, focusing on the interplay between different communication mediums and responsive social spaces. This innovative approach offers new insights into emerging commensal practices, proposing a framework for designing relevant dining experiences in a digitally-influenced world. • As socialities evolve in the digital age, problematizing commensality is needed. • Commensal interactions in literature are implicitly oversimplified. • Commensal scenes are landscapes of social interactions experienced around meals. • Digital-age commensal scenes are multi-spatial, multileveled, and dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research to address the technical challenges of human missions into space is growing. Knowledge about the social-psychological aspects of individuals' experiences of confinement within habitats in space missions or extreme environments is also rapidly expanding. Social isolation is among one of the best-known risk factors in these environments. This study focuses on the relationship between time spent in specific activities (e.g., talking about personal matters) and the social-psychological effects of social isolation and confinement as a part of the LUNARK project, which was aimed at building and testing the first Moon analog habitat. Two space architects took part in a 61-day mission in Northern Greenland to simulate human life conditions in the habitat as a prototype of a human settlement on the Moon. The two crew members independently filled out a time-based diary with self-report measures on their daily activities and negative emotions, feelings of loneliness, resignation, desire for social contact, and time perception. First, our results showed that, for either space architect, desire for social contact increased over time, whereas feelings of resignation did not. Moreover, the protective role of specific daily activities emerged. Talking about personal matters and leisure time were associated with a decrease in resignation, whereas talking about personal topics and physical exercising increased the desire for social contact. Finally, engaging in leisure activities increased the perceived speed of time. We discussed these results referring to research on the consequences of long-term social isolation in extreme human expeditions and social psychological models of social isolation. • Activities performed in a space simulation are related to psychological reactions. • Desire for social contact, but not psychological resignation, increased with time. • Talking about personal matters and leisure time decreased psychological resignation. • Talking about personal topics and exercising predicted more desire for social contact. • Engaging in leisure activities increased the perceived speed of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's massive internal migration is no longer simply rural–urban and circular, but increasingly diversified. Hence, we overview current research into the emerging transition in China's internal migration, present a critique of salient existing studies, and outline how a China variant of Zelinsky's mobility transition theory might, with new sophistication and analytical power, account for the distinctive Chinese features of that momentous transition: its spatio-temporal patterns, and its causes and effects. The proposed thesis will show how parallels and distinctive differences that mark China's internal circular migration have evolved over the last decade. We argue that factors adapted to Chinese circumstances should incorporate appropriate perspectives on demographic transition, social space, trans -locality and multi-locality in migration, socio-spatial inequality, and new-style urbanisation. We highlight also the need for more sophisticated methods, and propose the use of 2020 China Census and longitudinal and time-series survey datasets to analyse the scale, processes, causal mechanisms, and outcomes of the transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a rich body of research on face-work, how it is performed in online edu-social groups remains under-explored. Drawing on posts and comments of Facebook groups created for courses at a university in Hong Kong, together with interviews with students, tutors, and the lecturer, this article examines how code-switching is deployed as a powerful discursive resource in the performance of face-work. Notwithstanding English being the medium of instruction of the courses, code-switching is noticeable. Focusing on these participants' practices, our analysis discovers that code-switching serves primarily to signal the breakdown of the expectedly formal academic participation frame and the switch to an informal frame. Multiple layers of action frames are collaboratively and constantly designed and redesigned in these 'social network-educational spaces' (Chau and Lee, 2017), where the formal-informal, public-private, and academic-social boundaries become indistinct. Closer analysis within and across the spaces further reveals that norms of appropriateness of code-switching to achieve informality and solidarity may vary depending on a combination of individual, contextual, and temporal factors. In addition to contributing to existing literature on code-switching and face-work on Facebook, the article offers practical implications for understanding the increasingly informalized discourses in institutional contexts. • Code-switching is a face-work strategy to achieve informality and express solidarity in social network-educational spaces. • Norms of appropriateness of code-switching vary depending on individual, contextual, and temporal factors. • This paper contributes to the strand of literature on face-work with a focus on online discourse in a multilingual setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Location-based social media data can offer useful insights on the spatial and temporal dynamics of public attitudes. In this study, we aim to investigate the gendered attitudes toward transit services in China, utilizing the case of Shenzhen. We collected 44,257 Weibo microblogs, a major source of social media data in China, and applied a series of text mining and visualization techniques to examine the gender differences among our focused themes. The microblogs reveal a distinct gender gap in terms of quantity, as nearly 74% are posted by women. While women tend to be more concerned about the comfort of transit environment (e.g., temperature, crowdedness, and safety, especially at night), men tend to be more interested in transit systems' e-payment services and reporting traffic incidents. Overall, this study presents a methodological framework and empirical case study about how we can utilize certain social media mining techniques to investigate gendered, subjective travel experiences, providing researchers and practitioners with an innovative way to gather customer service feedback and build more inclusive service systems. • Women's voices are often neglected or suppressed in traditional transport planning. • We examine social media data from Weibo to understand gendered perceptions. • We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to extract latent "topics" from the posts. • Women differ from men regarding the perceived safety concerns and comfort levels. • Gendered perceptions toward transit services vary across space and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The social vulnerability of people to climate policies needs research attention. • Just climate policies must not have disproportionate impacts on vulnerability. • We establish a vulnerability impact matrix for climate policy evaluation. • The matrix can be adjusted for various scales and evaluation contexts. • The matrix also fosters participatory policy planning and citizen engagement. In this article, we address the social vulnerability of people to climate mitigation policies and contribute to assessing the social impacts of climate policies by introducing a matrix tool for conducting vulnerability assessments and participatory climate policy planning. The matrix serves as a methodological tool for identifying social groups in their social spaces. First, we lay the foundation for the matrix by linking social vulnerability to equality and justice, demonstrating the importance of addressing social vulnerability in climate policy design and research. Next, we introduce the ways in which social vulnerability has been addressed in the integration of social and climate policy dimensions in the Nordic welfare states that also serve as the test bed for our contribution. We then establish a methodological tool for assessing and discussing social vulnerability to climate policies, especially with relation to policy impacts on equal opportunities for well-being, and fostering participation in policy planning; a vulnerability matrix. The matrix is flexible, and adjustable to different policy contexts and governance levels. We demonstrate matrix use in the Nordic context, reflect on its potential uses and discuss the benefits and limitations of the matrix as a tool for addressing social vulnerability to climate policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of nature-society relations towards conditions of wellbeing and sustainability is of major global concern and academic interest. Contributing to this important area, this research examines the interconnection between rural development, wellbeing and agriculture in Scotland through a qualitative study of 'social crofting'. Social crofting is a type of care farming, which is increasingly prominent in the UK context and beyond, but under-developed in Scotland. Drawing from the existing literature, we apply a wellbeing lens to the unique conditions of crofting in rural Scotland through the concept of 'spaces of wellbeing'. We show the diverse practices that constitute social crofting and enable different kinds of wellbeing within rural communities. Our findings point to the challenges and barriers for social crofting which is under-resourced and under-valued in Scotland and we contextualise this within a hybrid neoliberal policy context. Given the potential for transforming nature-society relations and contributing to the wellbeing agenda, greater support is needed for crofters to pursue social crofting in rural Scotland. • Social crofting is a place-based, culturally specific form of social farming, producing multiple forms of wellbeing. • Social crofting practices are diverse but underpinned by notions of 'connective agriculture' and 'spaces of wellbeing'. • Integrating agriculture, rural development and wellbeing, social crofting requires coherent, co-ordinated rural policies. • Key barriers to social crofting in Scotland are rooted in the wider rural context and neoliberal policy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chaotic post-socialist suburbs need retrofitting through planning a system of local centres. The paper is aimed at recognizing the orientation of recent suburban planning in Poland through a focus on centres and identifying conditions for and examples of a proactive approach to planning local centres. The hierarchy of centres and the set of functions assigned to them is important since it could prevent the dispersion of public facilities and strengthen the potential of higher-order centres. Documents subjected to analysis encompassed spatial policies of 27 suburban municipalities included in the Functional Area of Warsaw. The Polish spatial planning system neglects centres as a category of functional, economic, and social space, leaving municipalities complete freedom in planning them. The study proved that a system of local centres should become an urban planning standard since it helps municipalities locate public functions more reasonably. A vision of local centre development is rarely based on rational premises. The Polish case shows that in outer suburbs, a proactive approach to LC planning that involves designing a desired future and then inventing ways to create that future state is still a long way off. • Chaotic post-socialist suburbs need retrofitting through planning a hierarchical system of local centres. • Service hierarchy corresponding to centre levels helps municipalities prevent the dispersion of economic potential. • The best arrangement of suburban local centres is a four-level order with local integration space as the lowest level. • The problem is that in Poland, the arrangement of local centres is rarely based on rational premises. • In post-socialist Poland, a proactive approach to local centre planning is still a long way off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positive impact of stakeholder engagement (SE) in smart city development initiatives has received notable scholarly attention over the past decade. Researchers of stakeholder engagement have investigated various aspects of the engagement process from different theoretical perspectives, yet the complexity and dynamism of inclusion, especially at the societal level and in the context of smart city development, continue to inspire more research. Drawing from the intersection of open strategy (OS) and SE, we seek to enhance understanding of the open strategizing process by elucidating stakeholder inclusion practices in a smart city initiative, focusing on food systems in Da Nang, Vietnam. Our participatory action research draws on 114 semi-structured interviews and four stakeholder workshops to analyze the way stakeholder inclusion practices unfold in the strategic decision-making process of a smart city initiative. Our analysis reveals that stakeholder inclusion is complex and involves four interdependent practices at different stages of the strategizing process. These practices are trust formation , common language creation, role transformation , and expectation alignment. Together, they culminate in the creation of an interactive social space for the strategy-making process. The proposed analytical framework highlights the interdependencies among practices and their outcomes at different stages of the open strategizing process and could serve as a guideline in a context in which stakeholder inclusion at the planning phase is necessary to achieve systemic change. • Building on the strengths of open strategy literature, this research emphasizes nuances of participation and inclusion practices in multi-stakeholder settings in smart city initiatives. • For change to happen at the societal level, special attention must be paid to two dependent factors: the degree of desired inclusion (moderate to radical), and the degree of engagement intensity of facilitators in the process. • The nature of the multi-stakeholder engagement process embraces multiple components, such as democracy, transparency, and inclusion, simultaneously. • Inclusion practices in the strategizing process are sets of interdependent activities including trust formation, creation of a common language, role transformation, and alignment of expectations towards reaching the common goal of strategy formulation. • The successful inclusion of stakeholders at the societal level could alleviate obstacles to bottom-up approaches to governance for systemic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How ruling elite arrange and maintain their power-sharing is key to our understanding of authoritarian politics. We analyze the dynamics of elite power-sharing in authoritarian regimes using a network framework that embeds actors onto a low-dimensional space. We also introduce a novel dataset tracking appearances of elite Chinese Community Party (CCP) members at political events. Our framework and data allow us to disentangle three key aspects of CCP elite power-sharing: (1) who are in charge, (2) who do I work with, and (3) who are my friends. Using a latent factor network analysis of approximately 10,000 appearance records of over 200 top CCP elites from 2013 to 2017, we empirically assess these three questions by computing elites' total appearances, dyadic coappearances, and their distance in a latent social space. We test how well these three indicators fare at predicting elites' appointments to the leading small groups (LSGs) of the CCP Central Committee and the Central Government, and from that analysis are able to highlight the need to account for the indirect ties elites share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Model based fully Bayesian analysis of cognitive social structure data. • Bilinear structure to model transitivity effects within networks, and a hierarchical specification on the bilinear effects to borrow information across networks. • Formal evaluation of the agreement across actors' perception of their social roles. • Graphical representation in social space. This paper introduces a novel approach for modeling a set of directed, binary networks in the context of cognitive social structures (CSSs) data. We adopt a relativist approach in which no assumption is made about the existence of an underlying true network. More specifically, we rely on a generalized linear model that incorporates a bilinear structure to model transitivity effects within networks, and a hierarchical specification on the bilinear effects to borrow information across networks. This is a spatial model, in which the perception of each individual about the strength of the relationships can be explained by the perceived position of the actors (themselves and others) on a latent social space. A key goal of the model is to provide a mechanism to formally assess the agreement between each actors' perception of their own social roles with that of the rest of the group. Our experiments with both real and simulated data show that the capabilities of our model are comparable with or, even superior to, other models for CSS data reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the booming development of smart phones and location-based services, spatial keyword queries of semantic trajectories can take location information and multiple keywords as parameters and return semantic trajectories related to these parameters in space and text. With the development of the Location Based Social Network (LBSN) in recent years, social data can be used to improve query results. Generally, the semantic trajectory of having more supporters (users with positive comments about the location) who are more closely related to the query user is more likely to be the recommended result. Considering social information in the query can recommend more satisfactory results for users, this paper studies a new problem of semantic trajectory space keyword query: Social space Keyword Query based on semantic Trajectory (SKQT). This paper proposes a hybrid index structure that introduces social factors called Social Inverted Linear Quadtree (SIL-Quadtree) to improve the efficiency of SKQT query. The experiments use two datasets, Gowalla and Brightkite. The results show that the algorithm and index structure proposed in this paper perform better on running time and I/O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the globalization of data, online social media plays an active role in spreading information and classifying people, and thinking about how to break the solidification of algorithms becomes critical. Current algorithmic research in the social media space often focuses on a single service or language, mainly due to the lack of a way to connect the different bubbles. The panel speakers described their various research activities in which they presented different perspectives on how to break the bubble. This article provides a summary of this interactive panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The spatial practices of urban poor in GFL are dictated by meeting basic needs. • Spatial practices of urban poor are disrupted by urban development in GFL. • Developments in GFL hide expressions of poverty in favor of economic desirability. • Local government should coordinate service provision in poor areas such as GFL. • Right to the city includes the right to development in line with spatial practices. Globalizing cities such as Calgary, Canada's center of the oil and gas industry, are confronted with increasing socio-spatial inequalities and uneven development. The aim of this paper is to comprehend poverty in the disadvantaged area of Greater Forest Lawn (GFL) in Calgary through everyday spatial practices of the urban poor and to examine how these practices are affected by urban developments in the area. We provide an in-depth ethnographic account of everyday routines and social conventions of people experiencing poverty in GFL. Our findings reveal how spatial practices that enable poor residents in GFL to meet basic needs are precariously balanced with many intersecting social, spatial, economic, and political structures. They also portray how many residents feel new developments in the area attempt to hide the presence of poverty by oppressing the undesirable aspects associated with it. Consequently, GFL as a social space is increasingly torn between the spatial practices of those trying to cope with poverty and the urban development which imposes a spatial code of desirability and consumption. Consequently, we see urban development in the case of GFL as oppressive and recommend a shift from thinking about urban development in terms of desirability and profitability to becoming more aware of and involved in local practices. Overall, we argue that the right to the city includes the right to urban development in harmony with one's own everyday spatial practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relentless workloads are birthing unprecedented levels of burnout, mental ill health, substance misuse, and suicide amongst clinical staff working in the NHS. The consequent epidemic of sickness absence, early retirement, and poor staff retention means the workforce gap is widening at an alarming rate within the caring professions. The clarion call rings out loud, clear, and with urgency for organisational engagement in preventative measures to invest in its human capital. Interventions for increasing clinician wellbeing and resilience must encompass strategies at the personal level, at peer groups and teams, right through to the level of the culture and practices - the "operating system" - of the whole organisation. In hospitals across the nation, where the pervading environment is one of "lack" - time, space, thanks, morale - significant casualties are a sense of "community at work" and sanctioned time for reflective practice. Relaxed, reflective group debrief cultivates relational connection, enables off-loading of the burdens associated with caring and guides reflective "work on work". Clinicians attending reflective groups appreciate the opportunity for a "space to breathe", for self-reflection, mindfulness, and self-care, whilst gaining professional robustness and a sense of value and team. Could the low-cost model of monthly, facilitated "clinician wellbeing and debrief" gatherings and the provision of "pop-up" departmental café spaces, as pioneered in Cambridge, UK, significantly enrich our healthcare system's culture of "lack"? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues of justice and inequality are among the most compelling themes in spatial studies. And yet, the field lacks a normative approach to justice in measurements of inequality in spatial scales, either in the regional, or alternatively, in the urban. In a paper by Israel and Frenkel (2018) , the authors offer a theoretical framework that advances the study of social justice in space. It utilizes concepts of Pierre Bourdieu's theory on social class, while using Amartya Sen's 'capabilities' approach to justice to define the metrics of this concept. We take their proposed framework and examine it empirically by means of a regional case study in Israel. Data were collected on a central region in Israel and a field survey was conducted on more than 1000 households. The concept of justice and the socio-spatial structures under which justice is created were converted into measurable values. By using Explanatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling, the conceptual framework was quantitatively estimated. In accordance with the inspected theory, we show that the interrelationship between a person's location in the social space and living environment influences his or her life-chances. The empirical results demonstrate how the proposed theory can be operationalized-that is, binding a normative idea with an empirically based scrutinization of the social and cultural constraints that affect freedom of choice. The framework's operationalization allows for applying it in future endeavors that strive to understand what normative implications spatial development carry when relating to the social space and built environment of a place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The apparent death of academic libraries, as measured by declining circulation of print materials, reduced use of reference services, and falling gate counts, has led to calls for a more "social" approach to academic libraries: installing cafes, expanding group study spaces, and developing "information commons." This study compares these social models with the traditional academic library, whose spirit is best understood as "communal." It argues that this communal spirit is unique and greatly valued by academic library users. Efforts to create a more social academic library threaten this communal spirit and may do more harm than good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Focus on community work for the betterment of floating children. • Use social network analysis within a Bourdieusian lens. • Analyse social groupings and the structures behind them. • Look at "small things" that are sociologically meaningful for social change. Drawing on Bourdieu's sociology, the concept of space in particular, this paper discussed the positions and dispositions of floating children in the urban space. It used social network analysis to test the homophily hypothesis that socially similar agents are physically proximate. Data were collected from 45 floating children and urban children in a community school in China. The results rejected the homophily hypothesis, calling for collective activism for small-scale but sociologically meaningful change to disrupt the correspondence between the physical and social distance established through the "site effects" of the hukou (household registration) system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social stress experienced by an individual from having a low relative income or from having a low income-based rank is a derivative of the individual's location in social space, and is the outcome of unfavorable comparisons with other individuals in that space. (The term social space stands for the set of individuals with whose incomes or with whose income-based ranks the individual compares his income or his income-based rank.) The stress that arises from unfavorable social comparisons can cause physical and mental harm. Essentially, there are three ways to thwart unfavorable income-related comparisons experienced by an individual: to operate on the individual's income or on a characteristic (an attribute) of the individual's income; to operate on the incomes or on a characteristic of the incomes of the individual's comparators; or to modify the individual's social space. The first two approaches feature extensively in the existing literature. The third does not. In this communication, I analyze this third approach, keeping in mind its application as a policy tool for lowering social stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-management is widely advocated to effectively design conservation measures and coordinate policy trade-offs among sectors. Trust is key in such arrangements to achieve tangible outcomes, because it can help to turn disruptive conflict into fruitful contestations over suitable policy innovation. How and why trust in environmental co-management arrangements emerges, however, remains an understudied phenomenon. We adopt a relational angle and present theoretical arguments on the impact of social embeddedness on the formation of interpersonal trust relationships. Specific propositions are developed and empirically tested on data collected in the context of a German biodiversity conservation co-management process. The data is analyzed based on Exponential Random Graph Modelling (ERGM). The results provide empirical evidence on the importance of the relationship between social embeddedness and interpersonal trust. Actor characteristics, such as policy preferences and similarity in cognitions, seem to not play an important role for the choice of actors on whom to trust. We discuss the findings' implications in the context of environmental co-management arrangements and argue that trust represents as a dynamic relational phenomenon, which is (co-)produced in an interactive governance process. • Environmental co-management arrangements are often highly conflictual social spaces. • Trust is key to turn disruptive conflict into creative contestations over suitable policy. • Theoretical arguments on the role of social embeddedness for trust formation is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient space delay-tolerant network (DTN) routing algorithms have been a hot issue in space network-related research. In this paper, for the problems of high algorithm complexity and high network overhead in space DTN routing algorithms, we introduce a node clustering algorithm and satellite node social attributes in the space DTN routing process and design a spatial delay-tolerant network routing algorithm (CD-SDTN) based on node clustering and social attributes. The algorithm designs the social attributes of the satellite nodes based on the connection frequency of the satellite nodes with the ground station and divides the community using the Circle-k-means algorithm. In the routing process, the center satellite node with the highest activity in the community manages the messages received by the satellite nodes located in the community and plans the forwarding of messages within and between communities. Simulation results show that the CD-SDTN routing algorithm has some advantages in terms of delivery rate, average delay and network overhead compared with Epidemic and Prophet, especially when the number of nodes in the satellite network is large. • CD-SDTN combines satellite node social attributes into routing algorithm. • CD-SDTN uses an improved circle-k-means clustering algorithm. • CD-SDTN proposes a novel definition of social attributes for satellite nodes. • CD-SDTN was significantly more effective compared to Epidemic and Prophet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Intercultural City Programme (ICC) of Barcelona argues that the public spaces could be constructed and transformed by triggering from above. • The inherent problem representations and expected outcomes of the ICC Program as an urban integration policy model, do not sufficiently address the important aspects of socio-spatial inequalities which stem from the complex power inequalities. • The ICC Programme of Barcelona does not fully address the multi-actor and complex character of the social production of space which includes unequal power relations. • The ICC Programme problematizes the presence of immigrants in public spaces as a trigger of conflict. Since 2008, the COE has been promoting interculturalism as a city-level integration policy model under the name Intercultural Cities Programme (ICC) to facilitate intercultural interaction, combat prejudice and discrimination, and enhance inclusion and social cohesion. The member cities within the Intercultural City Network have developed several policy programme activities to create open and inclusive cities. These programmes present diversity as a challenge that needs to be managed and, at the same time, as an advantage that would increase economic growth. The concrete actions and objectives of these policy programmes include managing and creating public spaces that facilitate peaceful encounters, inclusion, and convivencia. Since policies are usually designed to address problems, it is important to investigate what the problems are perceived to be. Accordingly, by adopting Carol Bacchi's (2009) WPR (What is the Problem Represented to Be?) approach in policy analysis as an analytical framework, through semi-structured interviews and content analysis, this article illuminates how public spaces are conceived and represented in the Barcelona ICC program in relation to solving its inherent problematisations. The findings suggest that the ICC program conceives public spaces as settings of conflict that have to be managed through intercultural policy interventions, neglecting the complexity and multi-actor characteristic of the social construction and production of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several good studies have probed the social dynamics of space settlements, including crucial religious dimensions. Religion, after all, may play stabilizing or destabilizing roles within groups, thus affecting settlement viability and productivity. Unlike other studies, though, this article explores religiosity from a decolonized perspective which, instead of spotlighting the export of religions from Earth, engages the potential spiritual creativity of settlers from settler points of view, including ostensibly nonreligious ones. Using Mars as an example location, these settler points of view involve establishing recognizable traditional religions, albeit in their more ecumenical forms; creating a place for cosmopolitan spiritualities like Baha'i; experimenting with new forms of styles like religious naturalism; and, poignantly, developing homegrown Martian nature religiosity. This analysis aids comprehension of some of the contours and dynamics of religions in space settlements and hence understanding of settlement viability, operation, and flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyzed how much religious vocabulary, in particular Buddhist vocabulary taken from the largest online dictionary of Buddhist terms, is present in everyday social space of Japanese people, particularly, in Japanese blog entries appearing on a popular blog service (Ameba blogs). We interpreted the level of everyday usage of Buddhist terms as appearance of such terms in the consciousness of people. We further analyzed what emotional and moral associations such contents generate. In particular, we analyzed whether expressions containing Buddhist vocabulary are considered appropriate or not from a moral point of view, as well as the emotional response of Internet users to Buddhist terminology. As a result of analyzing the data, we found out that Buddhist terms were in fact not absent as a theme from Japanese blogs and generated a strong emotional response. However, while the general reaction to several expressions using Buddhist terms was as expected, there were sometimes surprising twists in terms of social consequences, major discrepancies between what is perceived as ethically correct behavior between the Buddhist doctrine and the reasoning of the general population, as well as a considerate number of terms which have lost their original meaning and instead became slang expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper explores alternative spaces in a conservative context. • This paper is an in-depth ethnographic exploration of the production of space. • Counterspaces are found to act in response to the domination of space. • The domination of space is found to inform the creation of differential space. • The creation of a new social space is found in five material-social moments. Prefigurative action that aims to construct desired transformations pose new and interesting questions centering on the geography of transitioning towards more ecologically-sound and socially-just systems. Geographers and others have employed a number of theoretical lenses to grapple with how best prefigurative activities might be supported, and how they both envision alternative futures and actually 'do stuff' to embody that vision. However, missing from this academic conversation is that prefigurative activity is not solely about the alternative material and economic practices, but the creation of alternative social spaces. This paper draws from both a Lefebvrian reading of space and a feminist geographical perspective to explore the spaces of a prefigurative community teeming within the politically and religiously conservative context of Salt Lake City, Utah (USA). An in-depth ethnography was conducted over an 18-month period, employing both participant-observation and semi-structured interviews. The sociality and spatiality of the production of alternative spaces is explored through Lefevbre's discussion of abstract and differential space, which opens up multiple possibilities for resistance. This research finds that the process of creating this alternative space is grounded in five moments: (i) the self, (ii) social networks, (iii) material practices, (iv) knowledge creation, and (v) economic practices. At the same time, a feminist 'killjoy' perspective calls attention to the limits of the emancipatory potential of these movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper analyzes data collection and representation in CPSS and proposes to use tensors to represent CPSS data. • This paper reviews some representative data fusion methods related to CPSS. • This paper proposes a series of tensor based data fusion methods for CPSS data. • This paper reviews the design of data fusion frameworks and proposes a comprehensive data fusion framework for CPSS. Cyber-Physical-Social systems (CPSSs) are the extension of Cyber-Physical systems (CPS), which seamlessly integrate cyber space, physical space and social space. CPSSs promote the information resource from single space to tri-space, so as to lead a revolution in data science (DS). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of data fusion in CPSSs for readers. We firstly analyze data collection and representation in CPSS and propose to use tensors to represent CPSS data, then a general definition of CPSS data fusion is proposed to clarify the concept of information fusion in CPSS. After that, some representative data fusion methods related to CPSS are reviewed. Furthermore, we propose a series of tensor based data fusion methods for CPSS data. Also, we review the design of data fusion frameworks and propose a comprehensive data fusion framework for CPSS. Some challenges and future works are discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Local communities' views are shaped by spatial and temporal dimension. • Village locations is crucial in shaping their bargaining power. • Local communities need to reconcile their differences through alliance building. This paper investigates the spatial dimension of power relations and the shaping of local alliances through a hydropower development project in Nepal. It provides a grass-roots illustration on the role of space in shaping and reshaping power relations, and how it manifests in the formation of local strategic alliances. Taking the Upper Karnali hydropower project as a case study, the paper highlights: 1) the role of private sector actor as an ad-hoc decision maker in hydropower development in the country; 2) how hydropower development is perceived by those who will be most affected; and 3) how the two shape the localized dynamics in hydropower decision making, while also sheds light on some of the key gaps in hydropower decision-making landscape and processes. Viewing space as a process and a product of socio-political interface, it shows how local communities living along the Karnali River view the planned hydropower project differently, how these views are rooted in their relationship with the hydropower company, and how such relationship is predetermined by local communities' bargaining power in relation to the proximity of their respective villages to the planned hydropower dam site, and vice versa. Unpacking the power relations shaping and reshaping spatial politics in hydropower decision making, it presents the concept of spatial alliances as a theoretical underpinning to unpack the question on why and how power relations emerge, are sustained and reproduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online technologies can facilitate new assessment designs, where students develop, analyse and reflect upon their learning. Online multi-stage assignments provide students with opportunities to submit and share their work over an extended period in social sharing spaces such as blogging and discussion forums. This study explores the challenges experienced by students while completing online multi-stage assignments and the processes of self-regulated learning students engaged with to overcome such challenges. We present interview data from three qualitative case studies involving 34 students across two Australian universities. The results show all students experienced challenges while working on multi-stage assignments. Students engaged with both online and offline social cues to regulate their learning and overcome task challenges. We discuss the design implications and provide recommendations for further research. • Students most commonly described challenges associated with task understanding. • Students engaged with social models, feedback, peer and class discussion to overcome challenges. • Shared online task designs extended the social context of the assignment task and subject. • Shared online task designs provided students with social models, which they used to regulate learning. • Online task alignment with face-to-face learning provided opportunities to scaffold students' self-regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The origin of women's landlessness is traceable to the hegemonic masculinities sown by powerful empires from the ancient and medieval times. • Three pillars of women's landlessness in sub-Saharan Africa include gender insensitive worldviews, rights restrictions and male power. • Male power has linguistic power and father-husband-son power, which interact to cripple women's empowerment within their social spaces. • A policy pathway to neutralise the pillars of women's landlessness is to apply principles of gender compensation and abandon gender competition. A typical character of land tenure or property systems in sub-Saharan Africa is that the systems exclude women (implicitly and explicitly). That is why the discourse on women and land tenure remains a burgeoning policy debate in sub-Saharan Africa. This study is relevant for land policy (and land governance) in sub-Saharan Africa because it evokes the minority voices of women in the land and gender discourse in sub-Saharan Africa. The study dissects, anatomically, female landlessness by probing why women still do not enjoy equal land rights today, and what must be done (policy-wise) to unchain women from their state of landlessness. By way of methodology, the study reviews relevant literature on the historical dimension of womenös access to property rights. It is an explorative study based on two e-Focus Group Discussions conducted on two different online platforms to enable the capture of more expert knowledge on the subject of customary land tenure, gender and womenös land rights in (and on) sub-Saharan Africa. The findings exposed three pillars of womenös landlessness in sub-Saharan Africa, including an analysis of the stages of male power that cripple womenös capacity to own or have access to land. The study identified and explained the nature of the contributions of different stages of male powers — including linguistic power , son power, husband power, and father power — to womenös landlessness. It shows how these powers form the elements of male dominance which interact over a life course to cripple womenös physical and psychological strength within their social spaces (which usually results into socio-political and economic disempowerments). As a key output, the study produced a policy pathway to neutralising the pillars of womenös landlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Our work is motivated by a desire to incorporate the vast wealth of social network data into the framework of spatial models. We introduce a method for modeling the spatial correlations that exist over a social network. In particular, we model attributes measured for each member of the network as a continuous process over the social space created by their connections. Our method simultaneously models the unobserved locations of network members in social space and the spatial process that exists over that space based on the observed network connections and nodal attributes. The model is evaluated through simulation studies and applied to the importance ranking for a network of emergency response organizations and the physical activity habits of teenage girls. The introduced methods incorporate network data into the spatial framework, expanding traditional models to include this often relevant source of additional information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract What have we learned since anthropologists first realized that tourists alter the societies they study? Intended for non-anthropologists, this paper explores this question and critiques the hegemony of business perspectives in tourism studies. It discusses tourism as a complex and fluid set of phenomena that cannot be reduced to one dimension, highlighting five points: (1) Tourism is one of the names of power. (2) The complex nature of tourism cannot be understood without studying socio-cultural processes. (3) The socio-ecological processes that construct territory determine and are determined by social space. (4) The industries of seduction create a corpus of desires through which socio-cultural groups forge their own identity. (5) Anthropological studies allow researchers to propose alternative forms of tourism development. Highlights • Tourism is one of the names of power. • Tourism is a fluid and complex set of phenomena not reducible to one dimension. • Tourism cannot be approached from one disciplinary perspective only. • Territory determines and is determined by social space and various types of capitals. • Anthropological studies suggest alternative tourism developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]