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Allergic rhinitis often occur at the same time with many upper and lower airway diseases in which there is asthma. Many patients without clinical asthma may have an asymptomatic bronchial hyperreactivity and an allergic rhinitis at the same time. An overview of these actual knowledges is done including clinical, respiratory functional explorations, therapeutic studies, as well as those observed in chronic nasal dysfunctions (allergic or non allergic eosinophilic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, chronic rhinitis).Objectives. – The aim of this study is to determine bronchial hyperresponsiveness of a chronic nasal dysfunction population having allergic or non allergic rhinitis.Material and methods. – Retrospective study of respiratory functional explorations (using a methacholine provocation test) among non asthmatic patients consulting for rhinology-allergy diseases but with broncho-pulmonary symptomatology.Results. – It has been observed an allergic rhinitis population without upper bronchial hyperreactivity but with a small airway obstruction revealed or worsened during the methacholine bronchoprovocation test.Conclusion. – Chronic nasal dysfunction and small airway obstruction are correlated. This association shows an airway inflammation from the nose through the small bronchi. As upper bronchial hyperreactivity can precede asthma, a small airway obstruction could precede a bronchial hyperreactivity. Nasal chronic dysfunction treatment could act upon small airway obstruction, or central bronchial hyperreactivity or asthma appearance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Aim: To assess the effects of water immersion on cardiovascular requirements, 30min immersed versus air steady exercises at neutral temperature were compared in two settings:similar energy expenditure (60% maximal oxygen consumption; series 1) and similar ergometric workload (120W; series 2). For 15 healthy male subjects, the arterial blood pressure, heart rate, thoracic fluid conductivity (TFC), cardiac index (CI) and stroke index (SI) were monitored at rest, during the exercise period and during 30min of post-exercise recovery in two conditions. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was also measured. Results: Resting water immersion increased TFC, CI, SI, and systolic arterial pressure (SAP). During exercise the average CI, SI and SAP were not different in water and air in series 1, but in series 2 CI, SI, heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were higher in water. Plasma ANP was higher after immersed exercises. During recovery, CI was similar after either exercise, while SI was lower and heart rate higher following immersion, consistent with a lower effective circulatory volume than after exercise in air. TFC was high, as reflecting an increased interstitial fluid content in the lung. Conclusions: Cardiovascular requirements for exercising in water were markedly higher than in air and straining of lung parenchyma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Introduction: To assess in six obese teenagers, the effects of 30 sessions (three days/week) of 50-minute individualised interval training on cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters at rest and during exercise. Synthesis: After this programme, fat mass decreases (10.8%) while BMI did not change. The expiratory reserve volume improved (44.6%). Maximal aerobic power, oxygen pulse and maximal ventilation are higher (12.4%; 16.9%; 17.2% respectively). First and second ventilatory threshold are increased (26.1% and 17.3%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficiency of this individualised training programme for obese teenagers. Such a programme may therefore provides additional benefits in weight management of obesity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]