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Summary: The aim of any regional anaesthesia technique is to locate target nerves and deposit local anaesthetic around them. Nerve stimulation using anatomical landmarks has been conventional method of nerve localisation. With the advance in technology, the use of ultrasound in regional anaesthesia has been steadily increasing. In addition to localisation of nerves and other structures under direct visualisation, ultrasound has the potential to reduce complications and minimise the local anaesthetic toxicity by injecting right dose at the right site. The principles, advantages, disadvantages and applications of ultrasound have been reviewed in this article. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]