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With the rapid development of cutting-edge technologies, self-powered breathable wearable electronic textiles have received significant attention because of portable and convenient power sources. In this work, a biocompatible and antibacterial all-textile structured triboelectric nanogenerator was designed for self-powered tactile sensing, constructed by the MXene doped PVDF (P/M) nanofibers and the antibacterial Ag nanoparticles modified nylon 6,6 (Ag@nylon 6/6) nanofibers as the triboelectric negative and positive materials, respectively. The effect of MXenes in PVDF nanofibers for its mutual interaction, surface potential, breathability, tensile strength, biocompatibility, and triboelectric performance was evaluated thoroughly through experimental and theoretical investigations. As developed P/M nanofiber film was paired with tribopositive Ag@nylon 6/6 nanofibers to fabricate the TENG, exhibiting a high output voltage of 362 V and an output current of 38.5 μA. The triboelectric harvesting properties were further demonstrated by capacitor charging and the operation of low power devices such as the clock, 95 commercial LEDs. In addition, a self-powered tactile sensor based on the Ag@nylon 6,6 and P/M fibrous membranes realizes ultrasensitive motion and pulse detection from different arteries, and the fabricated tactile sensor array shows a great potential in the application of smart wearable keyboard as well as high-resolution tactile mapping. [Display omitted] • A biocompatible and antibacterial all-textile structured TENG was designed with electrospun nanofibers. • MXene for the nanofiber properties, wearability, and TENG performance was studied experimentally and theoretically. • The surface potential of P/M nanofibers decreased to a more negative potential by MXene modification. • SPTS demonstrated great potential in pulse detection and smart wearable keyboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetting and spreading are familiar phenomena in nature and commonly observed in our daily life, and of great significance for basic scientific researches as well as providing solutions to the cutting-edge technical applications. Recent decades, learning from Nature, unique wetting and spreading behaviors have been bio-mimetically realized through the construction of artificial materials, which have promoted the ongoing development of relating areas like the liquid transportation, spraying, cleaning, and painting in industry and agriculture, and even influenced the way of our daily life. A systemic and timely review is therefore necessary to summary the existing novel researches and provide some idea of the next tide in leading the scientific trend. Here, we will present how the bio-inspired materials with special wettabilities have been integrated into traditional materials or devices to improve their wetting and spreading performances. The progresses of both fundamental theories and cutting-edge applications that reported in recent years are briefly reviewed. Basing on the impacting state of the liquid, the wetting and spreading progresses have been divided into 3 categories: which include interaction between the solid surfaces with the static contacting drop, dynamic impacting drop, and overflowing fluid. At the end of the review, some challenges and development tendency of the ongoing wetting and spreading research are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of fabrication techniques for superhydrophobic coatings is rapidly maturing, yet the problem of low mechanical durability still persists. To address this problem, we introduce a robust micro-nanoscale flowerlike ZnO/epoxy resin superhydrophobic coating possessing a rapid healing ability after ultra-abrasion. The coating was fabricated by a simple immersion method, and it presented a water contact angle above 150° and a sliding angle of less than 2°. A simple abrasion test (2400 linear abrasion times at a pressure of 5 kPa) was conducted to show that the coating could maintain superhydrophobicity, even after undergoing thirty abrasion times. Meanwhile, it could be easily repaired within one minute of the coating losing superhydrophobicity under ultra-abrasion. The abrasion only impacted the thickness of the rough structure (grown on the coating surface by immersion) and had almost no effect on the original thickness of the coating itself. This coating had an extremely long service life and may be useful for a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning is a mature and efficient method to produce nanofiber materials with different dimensions and morphologies. In the context of increasingly prominent human health problems, electrospinning is becoming an innovative and disruptive technology that promotes the pursuit and maintenance of human health in many ways. Recently, relevant high-level research has emerged in an endless stream, but they are widely distributed and lack subjective correlation with each other. Herein, we systematically and comprehensively review the contribution of electrospinning technology to human health from various aspects and multiple angles. We begin with a brief introduction of the principle, development, and application of electrospinning technology. Subsequently, specific applications of electrospinning technology on human health at four different stages, namely detection, protection, and regulation to reconstruction, are combed and discussed in detail. Starting from the essential mechanism, we logically refined each part through the most representative examples and sorted out the latest progress of related research. Design concepts, research methods, applied materials, overall performances, and existing problems have been focused on and evaluated. Finally, we summarized and discussed the challenges, bottlenecks, and development prospects of electrospinning technology in the field of human health from a macro perspective, and gave potential feasible solutions. [Display omitted] • Introduced the principle, equipment, and development of electrospinning technology. • Proposed four categories of electrospinning applications in human health. • Evaluated the application of electrospinning in human protection critically. • Sorted out the role of electrospinning in human body reconstruction logically. • Current challenges and developments of electrospinning in human health are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to explain the triboligical mechanism of solid interfaces at the atomic scale. Theoretical models developments involving atomic-scale tribology and the most classical first-principles theory for atomic-scale friction have been described. The construction of potential energy surface based on first-principle calculation is found extremely useful to unveil the tribological mechanism for atomic-scale solid sheets. Furthermore, atomic-scale tribological mechanisms exploring achievements for metals interfaces, tribo-chemisty, carbon-based solid lubrication material and 2h -MoS 2 have also been reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the development of superhydrophobic coatings is rapidly maturing, issues related to their low mechanical durability persist. In this context, the effect of substrate roughness on the service life of superhydrophobic coatings was studied. In this study, superhydrophobic coatings were fabricated on sandpapers of different roughness and reciprocating wear tests were conducted. The wear-resistance number of the superhydrophobic coating, defined as the maximum number of friction cycles after which the superhydrophobic surface started to lose its superhydrophobicity, increased from 50 to 24,000 with an increase in the substrate roughness from 2000 CW to 240 CW (CW is defined as the number of particles arranged in an inch), while it decreased from 24,000 to 17,000 with a further increase in the substrate roughness from 240 CW to 60 CW. Observations of the surface structure and wear analyses indicated that the superhydrophobic material infiltrated the spaces between the sand grains, and the rough peaks could consequently protect the superhydrophobic material during the wear tests. However, this protection weakens when the substrate roughness increases or decreases beyond certain values. Furthermore, these phenomena and results were also verified by applying the superhydrophobic coatings to different types of common substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ideal wound dressing should include excellent physical property, comfortability, and protection. Critical properties, such as robust tensile stress, high water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), air permeability (AP), waterproofness, biocompatibility, and particle filtration efficiency (PFE) should be covered. However, previous research regarding wound dressings omitted some of these elements, leading to the fact that wound healing management was ineffective. Herein, inspired by human skin structure, we designed a skin-like wound dressing with a hydrophilic healing interlayer and a hydrophobic protective surface based on polyvinylidene fluoride. The prepared membrane not only possesses an excellent physical property, comfortability, and protective function but also can accelerate cell migration and the wound healing process. Particularly, the dressing demonstrates robust tensile stress of 25.9 MPa, a toughness of 12.2 MJ/m3, a typical WVTR over 17.4 kg/(m2·d), a high AP of 4.2 mL/s, a high PFE of 99.9%, excellent biocompatibility, and a more rapid scratch healing rate than the commercial product, Nexcare. The dressing is proven to be similar to human skin (i.e., tensile strength of 21.6 ± 8.4 MPa and failure strain of 54 ± 17%). We believe that the achieved scalable nanostructured membrane can make meritorious contributions to materials science and biomedical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]