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We designed a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip with accompanied accessories as a system for the detections and quantifications of biochemical luminescence. This is the first of such instruments that has been reported. The semiconductor chip was manufactured through a 0.25 μm CMOS standard process. A current mirror was designed in integrated circuit (IC) to amplify the signal current that was induced by chemiluminescence. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–luminol–H2O2 system was used as an example to constitute a useful platform for coupling to chemiluminescence reactions which produce H2O2. Glucose–glucose oxidase (GOD) reaction was coupled with HRP–luminol–H2O2 reaction to demonstrate the ability of the novel CMOS base instrument for quantifying the biological luminescence of a variety of valuable clinical assays. Our results illustrated that the combination of the specifically designed CMOS IC and commercially available electronic devices established a simple and useful bioanalytical tool. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Toward finding low-cost electrocatalysts with high catalytic properties to replace noble metals as high efficient electrocatalysts in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of total water splitting plays a vital role to approach the green and sustainable energy supply. Here, we demonstrate the direct growth of novel copper phosphide coated with amorphous carbon, namely heterostructured a-C/Cu 3 P peapod nanowires from chemically synthesized copper nanowires (Cu NWs) followed by a chemical vapor phosphorization reaction (CVPR) process at a low temperature of 400 °C. The heterostructured a-C/Cu 3 P peapod nanowires exhibit a superior electrocatalytic activity by a lower overpotential of 287 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low Tafel slope of 72 mV dec−1 and excellent stability over 1000 cycles. The superior electrocatalytic performance can be explained by the superior contact of the electrolyte with active sites on the heterostructured a-C/Cu 3 P due to the high surface area of peapod nanowire structure covered by defective edges of graphene with the encapsulated amorphous carbon layer, which can tremendously enhance electrical conductivity at the surface. The direct growth of novel copper phosphide coated with amorphous carbon, namely heterostructured a-C/Cu 3 P peapod nanowires from chemically synthesized copper nanowires (Cu NWs) followed by a chemical vapor phosphorization reaction (CVPR) process at a low temperature of 400 °C was demonstrated. Image 1 • The heterostructured a-C/Cu 3 P peapod NWs exhibit a superior electrocatalytic activity by a lower overpotential of 287 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 with a low Tafel slope of 72 mV dec-1 and excellent stability over 1000 cycles • The superior electrocatalytic performance can be explained by the superior contact of the electrolyte with active sites on the heterostructured a-C/Cu 3 P due to the high surface area of peapod NWs covered by defective edges of graphene layers with the encapsulated amorphous carbon layer. • A theoretical study at the active sites of heterostructured a-C/Cu 3 P peapod NWs by density functional theory (DFT) was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]