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Many studies have demonstrated that the cooling and energy-saving effects of planting trees around buildings vary depending on their location. However, most research has focused on a limited number of representative planting sites. This study evaluates the reduction in thermal radiation absorbed by walls over a single day due to trees, defined as daily thermal radiation disturbance (T RDD). Using a combination of experiments and ENVI-met software simulations, we established a coordinate system to map the T RDD distribution of trees at various locations around a building. The findings reveal that trees at different locations exhibit iso T RDD lines, which are symmetrical about the building's centerline. Trees planted along these iso T RDD lines exert equal effects on T RDD. The iso T RDD lines form a series of ellipses that decay in two stages with increasing distance between the tree crowns and the walls (D W-T): rapid decay when D W-T is less than 3 m and slower decay beyond 3 m. Additionally, we found a linear positive correlation between the change in the sky view factor (ΔSVF) on the wall surface caused by trees and the T RDD. Trees near the north and south walls, as well as those along the building's diagonal, primarily block sky-scattered radiation (R²>0.97). Trees around the east and west walls block both sky-scattered and direct solar short-wave radiation (R²>0.85). This indicates a significant relationship between iso T RDD and SVF of the building. The methodology proposed in this study allows for a comprehensive assessment of the spatial evolution of T RDD for trees around the building, providing a scientific basis for the spatial design of trees to optimize cooling and energy savings. Moreover, the relationship between ΔSVF and T RDD enables rapid calculations and comparisons of the cooling effects of trees at different locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy for cancer are essential to improve the prognosis of patients. With the emergence of molecular imaging, molecule-targeted ultrasound imaging for the non-invasive and precise detection of cancer has attracted increased attention. The investigation of molecule-targeted ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) with excellent performance is urgently needed. In this study, we synthetized folic acid and IR-780 on self-made nanobubbles and prepared novel UCAs, named FA-NBs-IR780. The results showed that the conjugates had a uniform size distribution (591 ± 52 nm). In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that FA-NBs-IR780 can target tumour cells via dual molecular targeting, perform enhanced-contrast ultrasound imaging and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging for the precise detection of tumours, and induce targeted photothermal therapy in lesions irradiated at 808 nm. Ex vivo experiments further confirmed that FA-NBs-IR780 efficiently induced tumour cell apoptosis and inhibited tumour growth. The newly fabricated FA-NBs-IR780 were observed to be molecule-targeted dual-mode UCAs and may have potential applications in early accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]