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Abstract: A method to derive the emitter saturation current density J0e with lateral resolution is applied to investigate selective emitter structures. The method uses PL lifetime imaging at several injection densities to laterally evaluate J0e by applying the method of Kane and Swanson pixel by pixel. Samples with two-sided diffused emitters on lowly-doped Cz wafers were used to produce selective emitter structures by laser doping of the phosphorus-rich glass (LD-SE). By comparison of experimental and numerical simulation results of J0e linescans, a limited resolution of a feature size of an inhomogeneous emitter is determined to be theoretically between 0.5-1.0mm and experimentally about 2mm. The method was successfully applied to investigate the dependence of J0e on the laser power of a selective emitter structure. The expected behaviour of a maximum J0e for medium laser intensities is observed. The method is suitable to evaluate the selective emitter process and its optimization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Little is known about pathogenesis – and especially about involvement of CD8+ T-cells – in late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG). Remarkably, outstanding CD8+ TCRVβ-subset expansions were found in 64% and 72% of recent onset LOMG or thymoma-associated MG (vs. 16% with early-onset MG (p <0.0002); 21% in older controls (p <0.001)). In LOMG, ~25% of the expanded cells initially showed a naïve CD62L+hi/CD45RA+ recent thymic emigrant (RTE)-like phenotype. These expansions associated significantly with IgG antibodies against cytomegalovirus (p <0.036), IL-12 and/ or IFN-α2 (p <0.03). The CD8+ TCRVβ expansions were stable over 5years, but RTE markers declined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The long-term clinical and esthetic success of an implant-supported restoration is determined by stable periimplant soft-tissue morphology that is in harmony with the surrounding tissue architecture of the natural dentition. An interdisciplinary approach can significantly improve predictability when restoring missing teeth in the anterior maxilla. This clinical report describes the application of forced orthodontic eruption prior to initiation of surgical and restorative implant treatment to achieve a coronal shift of bone and gingiva and enhance the 3-dimensional topography of the recipient implant site. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We examined some 75 observations from the low-altitude Earth orbiting DMSP, Ørsted and CHAMP satellites which were taken in the region of the nominal cusp. Our objective was to determine whether the actually observed cusp locations as inferred from magnetosheath-like particle precipitation (“particle cusp”) and intense small-scale magnetic field variations (“current cusp”), respectively, were identical and were consistent with the statistically expected latitude of the cusp derived from a huge number of charged particle spectrograms (“statistical cusp”). The geocentric coordinates of the satellites were converted into AACGM coordinates, and the geomagnetic latitude of the cusp boundaries (as indicated by precipitating particles and small-scale field-aligned currents) set in relation to the IMF-B z dependent latitude of the equatorward boundary of the statistical cusp. We find that the actually observed latitude of the particle cusp matches well the statistically expected latitude while the current cusp appears to cover most of the statistical cusp and also a ≈1° wide section beyond the equatorward boundary of the statistical cusp. This leads us to suggest that intense small-scale field-aligned currents are generated in the cusp but also in the transition zone between the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) and the cusp, probably within both regimes, the cusp and the open LLBL. The small-scale field-aligned currents are possibly a consequence of turbulence and/or instabilities associated with the process of opening previously closed magnetospheric field lines and merging them with the interplanetary magnetic field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]