Search

In situ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regenerative therapy holds promising potential for treating osteoarthritis. However, MSCs engraftment and intra-articular inflammation limit the therapeutic efficacy of this approach. This study introduces porous microspheres (PMs) composed of aldehyde-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), that encapsulate platelet derived growth factor-AB and kartogenin. Metformin (Met) is also incorporated onto the microsphere through a Schiff base reaction to create PMs@Met. In vitro, in vivo and ex experiments revealed that PMs@Met can be injected into the joint cavity, effectively recruiting endogenous MSCs in situ. This approach creates a favorable environment for MSCs proliferation. It also controls the intra-articular inflammatory environment by modulating the polarization of synovial macrophages, ultimately promoting cartilage repair. In summary, our study presents an innovative tissue engineering strategy for the treatment of osteoarthritis-induced articular cartilage injuries. Cell therapy using autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has potential to slow the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Nonetheless, there are some disadvantages to adopting in situ MSCs therapy, including difficulties with MSC engraftment into cartilage-deficient regions, the effect of intra-articular inflammation on MSC therapeutic efficacy, and attaining selective chondrogenic MSC differentiation. We created injectable PLGA microspheres (PMs) that were loaded with PDGF-AB and KGN. Metformin was bonded to the surface of microspheres using a Schiff base reaction. The microspheres can recruit intra-articular MSCs and encourage their development into chondrocytes. The microspheres actively modulate the inflammatory joint environment by altering synovial macrophage polarization, thereby supporting MSCs in effective cartilage treatment. To summarize, microspheres hold great potential in the treatment of OA. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New graphene Schiff base iron nanocomplexes (S-792-Fe, S-550-Fe, and S-590-Fe) were designed and fabricated based on investigations of reactions mechanisms of AP pyrolysis, structural analysis of new materials and simulation results of quantum mechanics to deal with the long-standing contradiction between safety and performance for composite propellent combustion catalyst. By taking traditional catalyst Catocene as the benchmark, the S-550-Fe nanocomplexes exhibited competitive catalytic performances, much better anti-migration properties and significantly reduced impact and electrostatic sensitivities. After adding S-550-Fe, the burning rate of propellant enhanced from 13.87 to 19.77 mm s−1 at 15 MPa, and the impact and electrostatic sensitivities are improved to 50.2 cm and 172.12 mJ, respectively. The excellent catalytic performance of S-550-Fe is closely related to its molecular structure, which is manifested by an increase in charge density and a decrease in NH 3 oxidation energy barriers. The promotion effects of S-550-Fe on desorption and oxidation of NH 3 from the surface of AP is conducive to the rapid and complete pyrolysis of AP, which is reflected in the improvement of combustion rate and temperature gradient. The theory-driven design mode of this work may provide new pathways to tune combustion behaviors of composite propellants from the view of molecular-level insights. Effects and mechanisms of S-550-Fe on combustion and safety of AP-HTPB propellant were disclosed. [Display omitted] • Graphen Schiff base Fe nanocomplexes were first investigated in AP-HTPB propellant. • S-550-Fe is conducive to the combustion and safety performance of AP-HTPB propellant. • The structure-activity relationship of S-550-Fe at the molecular level was explored. • The influence of catalysts on NH 3 oxidation process was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequence-specific cytidine to uridine (C-to-U) and adenosine to inosine editing tools can alter RNA and DNA sequences and utilize a hydrolytic deamination mechanism requiring an active site zinc ion and a glutamate residue. In plant organelles, DYW-PG domain containing enzymes catalyze C-to-U edits through the canonical deamination mechanism. Proteins developed from consensus sequences of the related DYW-KP domain family catalyze what initially appeared to be uridine to cytidine (U-to-C) edits leading to this investigation into the U-to-C editing mechanism. The synthetic DYW-KP enzyme KP6 was found sufficient for C-to-U editing activity stimulated by the addition of carboxylic acids in vitro. Despite addition of putative amine/amide donors, U-to-C editing by KP6 could not be observed in vitro. C-to-U editing was found not to be concomitant with U-to-C editing, discounting a pyrimidine transaminase mechanism. RNAs containing base modifications were highly enriched in interphase fractions consistent with covalent crosslinks to KP6, KP2, and KP3 proteins. Mass spectrometry of purified KP2 and KP6 proteins revealed secondary peaks with mass shifts of 319 Da. A U-to-C crosslinking mechanism was projected to explain the link between crosslinking, RNA base changes, and the ~319 Da mass. In this model, an enzymatic lysine attacks C4 of uridine to form a Schiff base RNA–protein conjugate. Sequenced RT-PCR products from the fern Ceratopteris richardii indicate U-to-C base edits do not preserve proteinaceous crosslinks in planta. Hydrolysis of a protonated Schiff base conjugate releasing cytidine is hypothesized to explain the completed pathway in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The alkylation of cyclic five-membered azomethine imines with carboxylic acids proceeds under irradiation with 400 nm light using a dual catalytic system consisting of 9-arylacridine and tetrabutylammonium decatungstate. Azomethine imines containing aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic groups are suitable for the process providing pyrazolidin-3-ones in 42–98% yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facile construction of a fully biodegradable spherical nucleic acid (SNA) nanoplatform is highly desirable for clinical translations but remains rarely explored. We developed herein the first polycarbonate-based biodegradable SNA nanoplatform for self-codelivery of a chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), and a human liver-specific miR122 for synergistic chemo-gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of a carbonate monomer leads to a well-defined polycarbonate backbone for subsequent DOX conjugation to the pendant side chains via acidic pH-cleavage Schiff base links and miR122 incorporation to the chain termini via click coupling, affording an amphiphilic polycarbonate-DOX-miR122 conjugate, PBis-Mpa 30 -DOX-miR122 that can self-assemble into stabilized SNA. Besides the desired biodegradability, another notable merit of this nanoplatform is the use of miR122 not only for gene therapy but also for enhanced innate immune response. Together with the ICD-triggering effect of DOX, PBis-Mpa 30 -DOX-miR122 SNA-mediated DOX and miR122 codelivery leads to synergistic immunogenicity enhancement, resulting in tumor growth inhibition value (TGI) of 98.1 % significantly higher than those of the groups treated with only drug or gene in a Hepa1-6-tumor-bearing mice model. Overall, this study develops a useful strategy toward biodegradable SNA construction, and presents a drug and gene-based self-codelivery SNA with synergistic immunogenicity enhancement for efficient HCC therapy. Facile construction of a fully biodegradable SNA nanoplatform is useful for in vivo applications but remains relatively unexplored likely due to the synthetic challenge. We report herein construction of a polycarbonate-based SNA nanoplatform for co-delivering a chemotherapeutic drug, DOX, and a human liver-specific miR-122 for synergistic HCC treatment. In addition to the desired biodegradability properties, this SNA nanoplatform integrates DOX-triggered ICD and miR-122-enhanced innate immunity for simultaneously activating adaptive and innate immunities, which leads to potent antitumor efficiency with a TGI value of 98.1 % in a Hepa1-6-tumor-bearing mice model. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the pyridoxal-50-phosphate (PLP)-dependent decarboxylative condensation of Lserine and palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (KDS). Although SPT was shown to synthesize corresponding products from amino acids other than L-serine, it is still arguable whether SPT catalyzes the reaction with D-serine, which is a question of biological importance. Using high substrate and enzyme concentrations, KDS was detected after the incubation of SPT from Sphingobacterium multivorum with D-serine and palmitoyl-CoA. Furthermore, the KDS comprised equal amounts of 2S and 2R isomers. ¹H-NMR study showed a slow hydrogen-deuterium exchange at Cα of serine mediated by SPT. We further confirmed that SPT catalyzed the racemization of serine. The rate of the KDS formation from D-serine was comparable to those for the α-hydrogen exchange and the racemization reaction. The structure of the D-serine-soaked crystal (1.65 Å resolution) showed a distinct electron density of the PLP-L-serine aldimine, interpreted as the racemized product trapped in the active site. The structure of the α-methyl-Dserine-soaked crystal (1.70 Å resolution) showed the PLP-α-methyl-D-serine aldimine, mimicking the D-serine-SPT complex prior to racemization. Based on these enzymological and structural analyses, the synthesis of KDS from D-serine was explained as the result of the slow racemization to L-serine, followed by the reaction with palmitoyl-CoA, and SPT would not catalyze the direct condensation between D-serine and palmitoyl-CoA. It was also shown that the S. multivorum SPT catalyzed the racemization of the product KDS, which would explain the presence of (2R)-KDS in the reaction products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Rhodium complex based on 9-(p-methoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydrofluorenyl ligand was found to be an efficient catalyst for various C–H annulation reactions such as couplings of benzoic acids with alkynes, pivaloyl hydroxamate with alkenes, or the tandem reaction of p -anisaldehyde and p-toluidine with tolane. The catalyst demonstrated higher catalytic performance than the unsubstituted analog due to the stabilization of the rhodium–tetrahydrofluorenyl bond. Tetrahydrofluorenyl rhodium complexes also effectively catalyzed the synthesis of tetramethyl thiophene-2,3,4,5- tetracarboxylate from elemental sulfur and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The X-ray study of an octahedral iron(ii) complex with a tridentate mixed amine/imine Schiff base ligand L derived from pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde and 1,2-diaminocyclo- hexane revealed that its single crystals consisted of a mixture of stereoisomers co-crystallized in one unit cell. Thus, Werner-type complexes formulated as [Fe(trans -(1 R ,2 R)-L) 2 ](PF 6) 2 , [Fe(trans -(1 S ,2 S)-L) 2 ](PF 6) 2 , and [Fe(trans -(1 R ,2 R)-L)(trans -(1 S ,2 S)-L)](PF 6) 2 were identified within the structure. Observation of a good quality 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectra evidenced the low-spin configuration of the central atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, glutaraldehyde (GA)-crosslinked bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) still do not guarantee good biocompatibility and long-term effective durability for clinical application due to their subacute thrombus, inflammation, calcification, tearing and limited durability. In this study, double-modified xanthan gum (oxidized/vinylated xanthan gum (O 2 CXG)) was acquired from xanthan gum for subsequent double crosslinking and modification platform construction. Sulfonic acid groups with anticoagulant properties were also introduced through the free radical polymerization of vinyl sulfonate (VS) and vinyl on O 2 CXG. Taking advantage of the drug-loading function of xanthan gum, the treated pericardium was further loaded with inflammation-triggered dual drug-loaded nanogel (heparin (Hep) and atorvastatin (Ator)). Mechanical properties of O 2 CXG-crosslinked porcine pericardium (O 2 CXG-PP) were significantly improved via the first network formed by Schiff base bonds and the second C-C bonds network. Due to the presence of sulfonic acid groups as well as the dual drug release from nanogels under the stimulation of H 2 O 2 , the hemocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, pro-endothelialization and anti-calcification properties of the crosslinked pericardium modified with nanogels loaded with Hep and Ator (O 2 CXG+VS+(Hep+Ator) nanogel-PP) was significantly better than that of GA-crosslinked PP (GA-PP). The collaborative strategy of double crosslinking and sequential release of anticoagulant/endothelium-promoting drugs triggered by inflammation could effectively meet the requirement of enhanced multiple performance and long-term durability of bioprosthetic heart valves and provide a valuable pattern for multi-functionalization of blood contacting materials. Currently, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are subject to subacute thrombus, inflammation, calcification and tearing, which would not guarantee good biocompatibility and long-term effective durability. We developed a cooperative strategy of double crosslinking and surface modification in which double-modified xanthan gum plays a cornerstone. The mechanical properties of this BHV were significantly improved via the first network formed by Schiff base bonds and the second C-C bonds network. Inflammation-triggered combination delivery of heparin and atorvastatin has been demonstrated to enhance anticoagulation, anti-inflammatory and pro-endothelialization of BHVs by utilizing local inflammatory response. The collaborative strategy could effectively meet the requirement of enhanced multiple performance and long-term durability of BHVs and provide a valuable pattern for the multi-functionalization of blood-contacting materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decontamination of biofilm-associated infections presents a significant challenge due to the physical and chemical barrier created by the formation of extracellular matrices. This barrier restricts the access of antibiotics to the bacterial communities within the biofilm and provides protection to the persister cells, potentially leading to antibiotic resistance. In this study, we have developed an integrated quorum quenching biocatalytic nanoplatform for the synergistic chemo-photothermal eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. Ciprofloxacin (Cip), a model antibiotic, was absorbed onto PDA NPs through π−π stacking. Additionally, acylase (AC) was immobilized on PDA NPs through Schiff base reaction and Michael addition, resulting in the formation of the biocatalytic nanoplatform (PDA-Cip-AC NPs). This biocatalytic nanoplatform was able to enzymatically degrade AHL signaling molecules, thus achieving efficient quorum quenching activity to prevent biofilm formation. Furthermore, the NIR light-triggered on-demand Ciprofloxacin release further enhanced the eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilm infections with a synergy of local hyperthermia. We envision that this integrated quorum quenching nanoplatform provides a reliable tool for combating P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. An integrated quorum quenching biocatalytic nanoplatform has been developed for the eradication of P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. Quorum-sensing signals play a crucial role in modulating bacterial cell-to-cell communication, biofilm formation, and secretion of virulence factors. This biocatalytic nanoplatform efficiently degrades AHL signaling molecules, thereby blocking cell-to-cell communication and preventing biofilm formation. Additionally, local hyperthermia and on-demand Ciprofloxacin release were achieved through NIR irradiation, working synergistically to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections and excessive inflammation can impede the healing of wounds. Hydrogels have emerged as a promising approach for dressing bacterial-infected injuries. However, some antibacterial hydrogels are complex, costly, and even require assistance with other instruments such as light, making them unsuitable for routine outdoor injuries. Here, we developed an in-situ generating hydrogel via hybridizing oxidized β -D-glucan with antimicrobial peptide C 8 G 2 through the Schiff base reaction. This hydrogel is easily accessible and actively contributes to the whole healing process of bacterial-infected wounds, demonstrating remarkable antibacterial activity and biological compatibility. The pH-sensitive reversible imine bond enables the hydrogel to self-heal and sustainably release the antibacterial peptide, thereby improving its bioavailability and reducing toxicity. Meanwhile, the immunoregulating β -D-glucan inhibits the release of inflammatory factors while promoting the release of anti-inflammatory factors. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected full-thickness skin wound models, the hybrid hydrogel showed superior antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, enhanced the M2 macrophage polarization, expedited wound closure, and regenerated epidermis tissue. These features make this hydrogel an appealing wound dressing for treating multi-drug-resistant bacteria-infected wounds. [Display omitted] • The BGA/C 8 G 2 injectable hydrogel can form rapidly in situ. • The hydrogel releases the antibacterial peptide in acidic bacterial infections. • The hydrogel can participate in the entire wound healing process. • The hydrogel accelerates MRSA-infected wound healing without additions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to determine whether replacing a portion of inorganic chloride trace minerals and cobalt carbonate in the diet with AA complexes of trace minerals and cobalt glucoheptonate will improve lactating cow performance, feed efficiency, and calf performance. In a clinical trial, 69 Holstein cows entering second lactation and greater were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments, with the total dietary trace mineral concentration the same between treatments, starting 1 wk after dry off (50 to 57 d before expected parturition) until 154 d in milk (DIM): (1) an inorganic chloride trace mineral (ITM) blend consisting of Zn (75 mg/kg), Mn (65 mg/kg), and Cu (10 mg/kg) as hydroxychlorides and Co (1 mg/kg) as carbonate (n = 37) or (2) partial replacement of ITM with AA complexes of Zn (40 mg/kg), Mn (20 mg/kg), and Cu (3.5 mg/kg) and Co glucoheptonate (1 mg/kg; AATM; Availa-Dairy, Zinpro Corp.; n = 32). Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily from enrollment through wk 8, and milk yields were recorded daily from calving through wk 22. Milk composition and body weights (BW) were collected weekly. Serum samples were analyzed for albumin (Alb), cholesterol (Chol), total bilirubin (Bili), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), haptoglobin, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and Ca. A liver health index (LHI) was calculated based on Bili, Chol, and Alb concentrations. A liver functionality index (LFI) was calculated to standardize changes in Alb, Chol, and Bili from 4 to 29 DIM. Greater LHI and LFI indicate better health status. Colostrum was analyzed for IgG and Brix, and calf serum was analyzed for IgG. Calf growth was monitored through 9 wk of age (AATM: n = 12, ITM: n = 10). Data were analyzed using SAS software with mixed effects models and repeated-measures analysis, when applicable. Survival analysis for pregnancy by 154 DIM was analyzed by Cox proportional and Kaplan-Meier hazards models. Disorder incidence was tested with Fisher's exact test. Prepartum DMI as a percent of BW was lower in cows fed AATM and not significant postpartum. Cows fed AATM produced more milk from wk 1 to 8 and from wk 1 to 22. Energy-corrected milk yield and colostrum measures did not significantly differ between treatments. A treatment by time interaction was seen for AST and BHB; cows fed AATM tended to have lower AST concentrations at 28 DIM and lower concentrations in BHB through 29 DIM, though not statistically significant. Cows fed AATM had greater LHI at 4 DIM. Haptoglobin, Ca, LFI, hazard of pregnancy, risk to first service, survival curves, or services per pregnancy did not significantly differ. Calf serum IgG and birth weight did not significantly differ between treatments. Calves from dams fed AATM had greater average daily gain than calves from dams fed ITM. Overall, cows fed AATM during the dry period and early lactation had improved postpartum performance and potential health improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The unique palladium(ii) complexes, namely, (Phen)Pd((CF 3) 2 pz) 2 , (Phen)Pd(MeCF 3 pz) 2 , and [(Phen)Pd 2 (μ-dmpz) 2 (dmpz)(Hdmpz)](OAc) 2 H, where (CF 3) 2 pzH is 3,5-bis(trifluoro methyl) pyrazole, MeCF3pzH is 3-methyl-5-trifluoro methylpyrazole, Hdmpz is 3,5-dimethyl- pyrazole, Phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, have been obtained by the reactions of (Phen)Pd(OAc) 2 with the corresponding free NH -pyrazoles. According to the X-ray data, in the mononuclear pyrazolate complexes the Pdii atom has a square planar environment of nitrogen atoms of phenanthroline and two monodentate-bound pyrazolate anions. The binuclear pyrazolate-bridged complex is additionally stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the terminal dmpz anion and Hdmpz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The position of the counterion in animal rhodopsins plays a crucial role in maintaining visible light sensitivity and facilitating the photoisomerization of their retinal chromophore. The counterion displacement is thought to be closely related to the evolution of rhodopsins, with different positions found in invertebrates and vertebrates. Interestingly, box jellyfish rhodopsin (JelRh) acquired the counterion in transmembrane 2 independently. This is a unique feature, as in most animal rhodopsins, the counterion is found in a different location. In this study, we used Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy to examine the structural changes that occur in the early photointermediate state of JelRh. We aimed to determine whether the photochemistry of JelRh is similar to that of other animal rhodopsins by comparing its spectra to those of vertebrate bovine rhodopsin (BovRh) and invertebrate squid rhodopsin (SquRh). We observed that the N-D stretching band of the retinal Schiff base was similar to that of BovRh, indicating the interaction between the Schiff base and the counterion is similar in both rhodopsins, despite their different counterion positions. Furthermore, we found that the chemical structure of the retinal in JelRh is similar to that in BovRh, including the changes in the hydrogen-out-of-plane band that indicates a retinal distortion. Overall, the protein conformational changes induced by the photoisomerization of JelRh yielded spectra that resemble an intermediate between BovRh and SquRh, suggesting a unique spectral property of JelRh, and making it the only animal rhodopsin with a counterion in TM2 and an ability to activate Gs protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothermic hydrocarbon fuel has attracted tremendous attention in the field of hypersonic vehicles. However, endothermic hydrocarbon fuel undergoes autoxidation reactions in the range of 433 K–723 K due to the action of dissolved oxygen to produce oxidation deposition, which leads to a decrease in heat transfer efficiency and even clogging of tube. Herein, in order to solve the oxidative deposition of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel RP-3, the catalytic carbon film with catalytic dissolved oxygen removal performance was prepared by combining the high catalytic property of Schiff base copper catalyst and the strong reducing property of phenylhydrazine. The catalytic carbon film was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD and XPS. It was found that the Schiff base copper catalyst and phenylhydrazine were successfully combined onto carboxylated carbon nanotubes through copper coordination. Among of the obtained carbon films, the catalytic carbon film loaded with 500 μL of phenylhydrazine had the highest dissolved oxygen removal efficiency (approximately 99.9%). In addition, it was found that the dissolved oxygen removal performance was positively correlated with the loading of phenylhydrazine. Subsequently, we reduced the amount of oxidation deposition product by more than 50% by simply passing RP-3 through the film in an engineering prototype. Therefore, this paper provided a facile method for removal of dissolved oxygen from RP-3, which had a good application prospect. • Catalytic carbon film with high efficiency of dissolved oxygen removal was prepared. • Schiff base copper catalyst was loaded onto carbon film by cooperation. • The copper reaction center on the catalytic carbon film reduced the dissolved oxygen concentration of RP-3 by catalyzing the reaction of dissolved oxygen with phenylhydrazine. • The oxygen removal efficiency of CNT-COOH/SB/Cu/500 is around 99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The typical symptoms of arthritis are inflammation and lubrication deficiency in joints, which increase wear of articular cartilage along with pain of patients. In the present study, one kind of novel macromolecular/microsphere-based injectable hydrogels (CMC-ODex NPs) with dual functionalities of drug release and lubrication, was fabricated via dynamic Schiff base crosslinking network between carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidation dextran nanoparticles (ODex NPs). The CMC-ODex NPs hydrogels exhibited typical viscosity-thinning phenomenon at wide range of shear rates and obvious gel-sol transition feature at specific strain. As a result, CMC-ODex NPs hydrogels presented low friction coefficient at the sliding interface of bovine articular cartilages, resulting from the boundary lubrication of hydrogel and the rolling friction effect of ODex NPs. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone, DXM) encapsulated in ODex NPs exhibited sustainable drug release behavior during the dynamic shearing process, which making CMC-ODex NPs hydrogels possessed good and stable anti-inflammatory effect. CMC-ODex NPs hydrogels was prepared without utilizing any toxic agents, thus demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility. Our experimental results reveal the CMC-ODex NPs hydrogels is promising to be used as functional lubricant for inhibiting the development of arthritis. [Display omitted] • A novel injectable hydrogels (CMC-ODex NPs) with dual functionalities of drug release and water lubrication is prepared. • CMC-ODex NPs hydrogels was formed by applying dynamic Schiff base reaction between drugs-loaded ODex NPs and CMC. • The dynamic crosslinking network of CMC-ODex NPs hydrogels makes it present typical gel-sol transition behavior under shearing. • CMC-ODex NPs hydrogels exhibit good lubrication performance, sustained drug release and good biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional treatment methods for irreversible endometrial damage face a number of challenges in clinical practice, the most important of which are bacterial infection and the inability to restore endometrial function. By modifying glucan, oxidized dextran (OD) with multifunctional aldehyde groups was obtained in this study. Based on the dynamic Schiff base reaction between gelatin (GA) and OD, a GA-OD adaptive membrane with good biocompatibility, self-healing, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties was created. In vitro studies revealed that GA and OD cross-linking overcame GA's low gel temperature, accelerated gelling, and improved mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and degradability. The dynamic bond formed by the reaction between GA and OD caused the GA-OD film to self-heal. Meanwhile, the GA-OD membrane had antibacterial properties. To assess the repair effect of GA-OD film, an in vivo rat endometrial injury model filled with GA-OD adaptive membrane was created. According to the results of the study, the GA-OD membrane was biocompatible, and the uterine tissue did not have edema and inflammation. Further study on the postoperative endometrial regeneration effect of GA-OD material showed that it had an excellent ability for epithelial reconstruction and cell proliferation. As a result, the use of GA-OD composite film in endometrial repair has promising therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with APTES/DAR Schiff-based precursor 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 4,6-diacetylresorcinol (DAR) was synthesized in the presence of a structure-directing agent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and tetraethoxysilane. Then, Pd (II) ions, as well as Pd nanoparticles, were incorporated inside the pore walls of the synthesized APTES/DAR-PMO. The PMO structure was characterized by HRTEM, FT-IR, TEM, FE-SEM, BET, SEM-EDX, low angle XRD, HADAF-mapping, TGA, and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Subsequently, the as-fabricated green heterogeneous nanocatalysts (Pd-NPs@APTES/DAR-PMO) was used as effective and sustainable catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols into their corresponding aldehydes in pure water A high Pd-NPs@APTES/DAR-PMO-catalyzed conversion level of the primary and secondary alcohols was demonstrated. Furthermore, the environmentally friendly catalyst showed outstanding stability, so that readily separated by centrifugation and reused for seven consecutive cyclic terms with good retention of high catalytic activities. [Display omitted] • Engineering the mesochannel of organosilica with Schiff base frameworks. • Design of Schiff base bisylil (APTES/DAR) as a bifunctional linker. • The presence Schiff base in surface of PMO stabilizes Pd(II) ions and Pd nanoparticles. • Pd-NPs@APTES/DAR-PMO is a promising catalyst for aerobic alcohols oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of antibacterial cotton fabrics with an overall performance is critical but remains challenging. In this study, we propose a facile method to prepare durable antibacterial cotton fabric without significant sacrifices of wearing comfortability. Cotton fabric is firstly oxidated to obtain dialdehyde groups, then treated with PM molecules to establish a PM coating on the fiber surfaces via Schiff base linkages. The resultant cotton fabrics show durably antibacterial activity, realizing high bacterial reduction rates against both E. coli and S. aureus higher than 99.99 %, and offering remarkable durabilities tolerable 50 washing cycles and 500 rubbing times. These fabrics also show reliable safety for human skin that proofed by a series of cytotoxicity tests with positive results. This work demonstrates an example of versatile strategy to impart effective antibacterial function with durable activity to cotton textiles, showing great potential for practical applications in functional textile fields. • The first demonstration of preparing antibacterial fabric with protamine. • Facile method to covalently link protamine on cotton fiber surfaces. • The grafted protamine offers remarkable antibacterial effect. • The acquired antibacterial function is durable against washing and abrading. • Low cytotoxicity of the modified fabric was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new chitosan 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone Schiff base @SrFe 12 O 19 (Cs-SB@SrFe 12 O 19) nanocomposite was successfully prepared by one-pot reaction and fully characterized for its functional groups, morphology, elemental analysis and thermal behavior by FT-IR, XRD, VSM, DSC, TGA, zeta potential, FE-SEM and EDS techniques. The VSM result showed that Cs-SB@SrFe 12 O 19 has M s of 11.81 emu/g and H c of 5488 Oe, known as hard magnetic material. Finally, the as-prepared sample utilized as a new sorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by using batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption of Pb(II) was carried out at different pH, contact time and initial dose of Cs-SB@SrFe 12 O 19. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 132 mg/g (99 %) at pH 5 and the contact time of 120 min. Finally, the kinetic studies reveals that the adsorption process of Cs-SB@SrFe 12 O 19 followed by the pseudo second order kinetics model. Also, the sample showed excellent recyclable efficiency up to 5 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the synthesis of two new chitosan Schiff base (CSB) polymers, namely, 2PCT and 4MCT based on pyridin-2-ylmethyl-1 H -indole-3-carbaldehyde and 1-(4-methyl-3,5-dimethylisoxazole)-1 H -indole-3-carbaldehyde with chitosan (CT). The structural features of CSB polymers were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The antioxidant studies found that both 2PCT and 4MCT presented significant free radical scavenging activity with IC 50 at 169.01 and 372.84 μg/mL, respectively. The cell viability results obtained from in vitro cytotoxicity studies performed using human monocyte leukemia (THP-1) cells were found to be 75.6 ± 0.25 % and 79.1 ± 1.5 % for 2PCT and 4MCT, respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the reducing ability of CSB polymers on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in THP-1 cells. The overall results of antioxidant activity, in vitro biocompatibility and ability to reduce the intracellular ROS production emphasized that the CSB polymers prepared could serve as a potential biomaterial in biomedical applications, such as wound treatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-nitrogen-doped carbon single-atom nanozymes (M − NC SAzymes) have tremendous prospects to replace natural enzymes for the treatment of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related diseases. However, developing a pyrolysis-free and universal synthesis of M − NC SAzymes with robust enzyme-mimicking activity still remains a challenge. Herein, a promising cytoprotective agent (Fe-NC SAzymes) with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities was fabricated based on the reaction of Schiff bases with Fe ions via one-pot solvothermal method. In Fe-NC SAzymes, Fe-N x moieties served as the main catalytic sites to mimick oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase; meanwhile, the co-catalytic sites of the π-conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon structure mimicked superoxide dismutase to achieve the multiple enzyme-mimicking catalysis. Owing to the dual catalytic sites and pyrolysis-free synthesis strategy, Fe-NC SAzymes showed enhanced catalytic performance and excellent biocompatibility, which could scavenge excessive intracellular ROS to alleviate oxidative stress. The viability of cells subjected to oxidative stress recovered from 1.4% to 80.3% after Fe-NC SAzymes treatment, demonstrating an outstanding cytoprotective performance. Remarkably, this synthetic strategy can be expanded to other metal-NC SAzymes (Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, and Ni), which provides a feasible route to design specific functional SAzymes for ROS-related diseases therapy. [Display omitted] • A non-pyrolytic method was proposed to get Fe-NC SAzymes via Schiff base reaction. • Fe-NC has dual sites of π-conjugated structure and Fe-N x to mimick natural enzyme. • Fe-NC showed robust ROS scavenging ability to alleviate oxidative stress of cells. • This strategy is universal to prepare various metal-NC SAzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and smart drug controlled delivery system is developed in this work. Biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles (BMSN) were first synthesized by introducing disulfide during the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), which were used for the loading of methotrexate (MTX), an anti-cancer drug. The MTX loaded BMSN (BMSN-MTX) was then encapsulated in the hydrogels of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/oxidized pullulan (OPL) generated through Schiff base reaction. The acylhydrazone bonds (–N=CH–) between CMCS and OPL are prone to be hydrolyzed in acidic medium while the disulfide linkage (–S–S–) in the BMSN can be cleaved in the presence of glutathione (GSH), and thus the delivery of MTX from the BMSN-MTX-gel can be triggered by both pH and GSH. The results of release kinetics reveal that the delivery of MTX from the biodegradable hydrogels is controlled by Higuchi model. Finally, good biocompatibility and pronounced cytotoxicity of the developed BMSN-MTX-gel are confirmed by cytotoxicity test. • BMSN is facilely synthesized by introducing disulfide during the synthesis of MSN. • BMSN-MTX is encapsulated in the CMCS/OPL hydrogels generated by Schiff base reaction. • The delivery of MTX from the BMSN-MTX-gel can be triggered by both pH and GSH. • The release kinetics reveal that the delivery of MTX is controlled by Higuchi model. • The BMSN-MTX-gel displays good biocompatibility and pronounced cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, biopolymer-based structured oil has emerged to substitute saturated and trans -fats. Herein, the porous biopolymeric networks with the cellular structure were developed with cross-linked dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) and gelatin to prepare oleogels. The determination of aldehyde content in the DAC molecular chain revealed a high degree of oxidation of cellulose. The FTIR data showed the covalent cross-linking bond between the DAC and gelatin. The covalent cross-linking between DAC and gelatin promoted the composite aerogel (DG) to form a porous three-dimensional network structure with enhanced thermal stability, mechanical properties, and water stability. The DAC/gelatin composite aerogel with 5 wt% DAC (DG-5) exhibited the highest porosity (91.27 %) and lowest pore diameter (10.52 μm) with greater capillary force, resulting in a high oil absorption capacity of 11.24 g/g and oil holding capacity of 55.57 %. The DG oleogels containing 6 % thymol in the oil phase showed good antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for 24 h. This work provides a facile and promising strategy for developing oleogels by DAC/gelatin cross-linked conjugates as aerogel templates for oil structuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of antibacterial and hemostatic hydrogels with good mechanical properties that display desirable impacts on wound healing process is still an unmet essential for clinical wound dressings. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel PEG-CMC-THB-PRTM was fabricated via a one-pot method combining carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (THB), protamine (PRTM) and 4-arm polyethylene glycol aldehyde (PEG). The hydrogel was formed by the dynamic Schiff base reaction between amino groups of carboxymethyl chitosan and aldehyde groups of 4-arm polyethylene glycol aldehyde and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. The developed hydrogel also showed outstanding effects on anti-bacteria and hemostasis through the release of PRTM. Moreover, the hydrogel could promote extracellular matrix formation and wound closure in vivo , thereby accelerating the healing of skin wound. These results suggested that the multifunctional PEG-CMC-THB-PRTM hydrogel is a promising candidate for the clinical treatment of full-thickness wounds. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass-based adhesives are considered to be the preferred alternative to formaldehyde-type wood adhesives due to their wide range of sources, low cost, and sustainability. Herein, an environmentally friendly Schiff base cross-linked compact three-dimensional network structure bio-adhesive (DAC-PEI-U) derived from polyethyleneimine (PEI), urea, and cellulose was successfully prepared, verifying by detailed FTIR, NMR, and XPS analysis. Schiff base bridging between aldehyde groups in dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) and amino groups in polyurea (PEI U) not only constructed crosslinking networks but also endowed adhesives with good adhesion property. The dry bond strength of DAC-PEI-U adhesive reached 2.71 MPa, and the wet shear strength was 1.51 MPa (hot water) and 1.34 MPa (boiling water), respectively. It not only improves the water resistance and bonding process, but also displays simple synthesis and low cost. The improved performance of DAC-PEI-U adhesive is attributed to the generation of hyperbranched cross-linking structure in the adhesive system, which results in increased cross-linking density and promotes the formation of dense cross-sections in the curing adhesive. This work paves a solid way for developing cellulose-based wood adhesives with wet bonding properties, thus holding great potential as an alternative to formaldehyde-type adhesives in wood-based panel and indoor panel bonding industries. [Display omitted] • A cellulose-based 3D network structure was developed by Schiff base crosslinking. • DAC-PEI-U created a hyperbranched crosslink structure in cellulose-based adhesives. • This structure improved the water resistance and bonding process of the adhesives. • The wet shear strength of plywood was improved, compared to the pure DAC adhesive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive accumulation of free radicals is closely related to the occurrence and development of various neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a novel protocatechuic acid grafted carboxymethyl chitosan with oxidized sodium alginate (PCA-g-CMCS/OSA) hydrogel was developed to maintain the oxidation-antioxidation balance activities. By optimizing the pH-soluble range (pH > 6.4) of CMCS, PCA was grafted onto CMCS skeleton via EDC/NHS, and then conjugated with aldehyde group of OSA to form Schiff's base hydrogel at physiological temperature. The gelation time can be adjusted rapidly within 1–3 min by controlling the content of OSA. The shaped hydrogel exhibited porous network structure with high porosity (>90 %), swelling ratio (2000–3000 %) and rheological property, which is beneficial to cell growth and proliferation. The conjugates preserved excellent DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging abilities and adequate biodegradability within 5 weeks. Moreover, with the release of PCA monomer due to degradation of the PCA-g-CMCS/OSA, the hydrogel also exhibited excellent biocompatibility and protective effect on H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. These results suggested that the PCA-g-CMCS/OSA hydrogel would appear to be a more attractive candidate for potential biomedical applications such as antioxidant drug release and tissue engineering implant material. • A novel protocatechuic acid grafted carboxymethyl chitosan with oxidized sodium alginate (PCA-g-CMCS/OSA) hydrogel was developed through the Schiff's base reaction. • The pH-soluble range (pH > 6.4) of the prepared CMCS is critical for the formation of PCA-g-CMCS/OSA hydrogel. • The gelation time of PCA-g-CMCS/OSA hydrogel can be adjusted rapidly within 1–3 min by controlling the content of OSA. • The PCA-g-CMCS/OSA hydrogel showed excellent biocompatibility and protective effect on H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite film of amphiphilic chitosan/iodine, poly(aminoethyl) chitosan citronellal Schiff base iodine (PACSC-I), was prepared, and characterized by SEM, AFM, FTIR, 1H NMR and XRD. The physicochemical properties of the film including hydrophilicity, water absorption, mechanical, thermal degradation, iodine release and antibacterial properties were tested, and the cytocompatibility evaluation of the composite film was also performed. The results showed that PACSC-I was successfully prepared with good hydrophilicity (water contact angle 47.34°), water absorption capacity (water absorption ratio 229.55 %), elasticity (elongation at break 6.72 %) and thermal stability. The composite film had a controlled release effect on iodine, reaching a maximum released concentration of 8.84 × 10−4 mol/L. PACSC-I exerted a synergistic antibacterial effect with strong antibacterial activities. Cell viability and apoptosis assays showed that PACSC-I had good biocompatibility towards HaCaT cells. Therefore, the PACSC-I film had promising applications in the medical field as antibacterial material. • Amphiphilic chitosan/iodine composite film (PACSC-I) were successfully prepared. • PACSC-I had good hydrophilicity, water absorption capacity and thermal stability. • PACSC-I showed strong antibacterial activities and good biocompatibility to cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Major Histocompatibility Complex class I-related protein 1 (MR1) presents small molecule metabolites, drugs, and drug-like molecules that are recognized by MR1-reactive T cells. While we have an understanding of how antigens bind to MR1 and upregulate MR1 cell surface expression, a quantitative, cell-free, assessment of MR1 ligand-binding affinity was lacking. Here, we developed a fluorescence polarization-based assay in which fluorescent MR1 ligand was loaded into MR1 protein in vitro and competitively displaced by candidate ligands over a range of concentrations. Using this assay, ligand affinity for MR1 could be differentiated as strong (IC50 < 1 µM), moderate (1 µM < IC50 < 100 µM), and weak (IC50 > 100 µM). We demonstrated a clear correlation between ligand-binding affinity for MR1, the presence of a covalent bond between MR1 and ligand, and the number of salt bridge and hydrogen bonds formed between MR1 and ligand. Using this newly developed fluorescence polarization-based assay to screen for candidate ligands, we identified the dietary molecules vanillin and ethylvanillin as weak bona fide MR1 ligands. Both upregulated MR1 on the surface of C1R.MR1 cells and the crystal structure of a MAIT cell T cell receptor-MR1-ethylvanillin complex revealed that ethylvanillin formed a Schiff base with K43 of MR1 and was buried within the A'-pocket. Collectively, we developed and validated a method to quantitate the binding affinities of ligands for MR1 that will enable an efficient and rapid screening of candidate MR1 ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a hydrophobic covalent organic framework-functionalized magnetic composite (CoFe 2 O 4 @Ti 3 C 2 @TAPB−TFTA) with a high specific area with 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehyde (TFTA) was designed and synthesized through Schiff base reaction. An efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction method was established and combined with gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to sensitively determine 10 organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in tea samples. The established method exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.05–120 μg/L and had low limits of detection (0.013–0.018 μg/L). The method was evaluated with tea samples, and the spiked recoveries of pesticides in different tea samples reached satisfactory values of 85.7–96.8%. Moreover, the adsorption of pesticides was spontaneous and followed Redlich–Peterson isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. These results demonstrate the sensitivity, effectiveness, and reliability of the proposed method for monitoring organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in tea samples, providing a preliminary basis for researchers to reasonably design adsorbents for the efficient extraction of pesticides. • Covalent organic framework functionalized magnetic MXene nanocomposites were synthesized. • The synthesized functional material exhibited excellent adsorption for OPP and OCP pesticides. • The adsorption of OPPs and OCPs abided by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. • The established method provided high sensitivity for OPP and OCP pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of halogen- and phosphorus-free flame-retardant strategies is urgently needed in textile industry. In this study, a caramel product doped with aromatic compounds was developed via caramelization and aldol reactions using glucose and p-phthaldialdehyde. The modified caramel (Car@PDA) was subsequently used as a sustainable approach to improve flame retardancy of wool fabric. The flame retardancy, washing durability, heat generation, and flame-retardant mode of action of Car@PDA on wool fabric were investigated. The modified wool fabrics showed excellent flame retardancy, with the limiting oxygen index increasing to 32.5 % and the damaged length decreasing to 10.1 cm, with good self-extinguishing capacity. Car@PDA could combine with wool fibers through Schiff base reaction and electrostatic attraction, so the modified wool fabrics still self-extinguished and met the B1 flame-retardant requirements after 10 washing cycles. The modified wool showed significantly decreased heat release capacity and fire growth rate, suggesting high fire safety. Car@PDA promoted the decomposition of the fabric to form char barrier, thereby achieving an effective flame-retardant effect. In addition, the Car@PDA modification had a minimal effect on the tensile strength and handle of wool fabric. This study provides an innovative way to create bio-based, halogen- and phosphorus-free flame-retardants for protein wool fabrics. [Display omitted] • The modified caramel (Car@PDA) exhibits good flame retardancy and washing durability on protein wool fabrics. • Car@PDA can significantly reduce the heat emission of wool fabrics. • Car@PDA functions by an intumescent charring mechanism. • Car@PDA is promising as a cleaner, nonhalogen and nonphosphorus flame-retardant approach for wool fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of Torreya grandis protein enzymatic hydrolysates (TGPH)/alginate dialdehyde (ADA) complexes in the internal aqueous phase on the physical stability of the water-in-oil-in-water (W 1 /O/W 2) emulsions was studied. In the case of TGPH/ADA emulsions, the presence of ADA decreased the apparent viscosity of the emulsions and changed the flow behavior from shear thinning to Newtonian, leading to a decrease in volume-weighted average droplet diameter (D 43) of the emulsions. Additionally, the emulsions at the TGPH/ADA ratios of 1:1 showed a lower turbiscan stability index (TSI) value, and smaller change in delta backscattering signal, compared to the emulsions. The enhanced pH stability and storage stability of the emulsions at the TGPH/ADA ratios of 1:1 was due to the formation of Schiff bases between TGPH and ADA. These results suggested that the covalent cross-linking of TGPH with ADA could significantly improve the stability of the emulsions, which provided an effective means for the development of new food-grade protein-polysaccharide complexes stabilized emulsions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of infected wounds relies on antibiotics; however, increasing drug resistance has made therapeutic processes more difficult. Activating self-innate immune abilities may provide a promising alternative to treat wounds with bacterial infections. In this work, we constructed an immunogenic injectable hydrogel crosslinked by the Schiff base reaction of carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) and aldehyde hyaluronic acid (AHA) and encapsulated with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist c-di-GMP loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles (c-di-GMP@ZIF-8). Nanocubic ZIF-8 was screened as the most efficient intracellular drug delivery vector from five differently-shaped morphologies. The NOCC/AHA hydrogel released c-di-GMP@ZIF-8 more quickly (43 %) in acidic environment (pH = 5.5) of infected wounds compared with 34 % in non-infected wound environment (pH = 7.4) at 96 h due to pH-responsive degradation performance. The released c-di-GMP@ZIF-8 was found to activate the STING signaling of macrophages and enhance the secretion of IFN-β, CCL2, and CXCL12 5.8–7.6 times compared with phosphate buffer saline control, which effectively inhibited S. aureus growth and promoted fibroblast migration. In rat models with infected wounds, the c-di-GMP@ZIF-8 nanocomposite hydrogels improved infected wound healing by promoting granulation tissue regeneration, alleviating S. aureus -induced inflammation, and improving angiogenesis. Altogether, this study demonstrated a feasible strategy using STING-targeted and pH-responsive hydrogels for infected wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most probiotics are difficult to resist the invasion of gastrointestinal physiological and pathological environments, which limits their beneficial effects. The design of a pH-responsive and adhesive double-layer carrier (Carboxymethyl chitosan polyaldehyde polysaccharide, CMCS-DHG/PDA) aims to safeguard the activity of probiotics and enhance their intestinal colonization. The results obtained from UV–vis spectroscopy and XPS analysis revealed the formation of a polydopamine nanocoating surrounding Bacillus subtilis , and the outer carrier formed a Schiff base covalent bond, providing sufficient mechanical properties for the carrier. The carrier exhibited a significantly higher degree of swelling under pH 1.2 compared to pH 7.4, indicating its pronounced pH responsiveness. The CMCS-DHG/PDA carrier not only provided protection for B. subtilis against simulated digestive fluids, but also improved its tolerance to bile and antibiotics. In addition, carrier-protected probiotics showed extraordinary mucosal adhesion, which could significantly improve oral bioavailability and intestinal colonization. Finally, the impact of carrier-protected B. subtilis on gut microbiota was explored, revealing that the carrier protected B. subtilis could significantly improve the diversity, richness, and composition of gut microbiota. Concurrently, it promoted the formation of short chain fatty acids, creating a more beneficial environment for intestinal health. • Probiotics catalyze dopamine polymerization to form polydopamine nano-coatings. • Carboxymethyl chitosan oxidized glucan carrier forms stable Schiff base covalent bonds with pH responsiveness. • pH response enables precise and rapid release of carriers, while PDA adhesion increases probiotic intestinal colonization. • Carrier protection of probiotics targeted for precise intestinal release, enhanced colonization, and regulation of intestinal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescent probe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property has been widely used because of the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity and non-destructive testing. The development of fluorescent probe with good biocompatibility, photostability and biodegradability is of great significance in biomedicine and environmental detection. Herein, a novel type of fluorophore CS-TPE for detection of Fe3+ and bacteria was prepared by the Schiff base reaction of chitosan (CS) and 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl) benzaldehyde (TPE-CHO). The fluorescence response mechanism of CS-TPE system was investigated by various characterization techniques. CS-TPE had an obvious AIE behavior with strong blue-green emissions at 473 nm and reaches the highest photoluminescence (PL) emission in 90 % H 2 O/ethanol mixtures. CS-TPE fluorescent probe exhibited sensitive quenching response to Fe3+, which can be used as a biosensor for detecting the concentration of Fe3+ with short response time (5 min), low detection limit (0.998 μM) and wide detection range (10–300 μM). Meanwhile, CS-TPE exhibited good antibacterial performance for S. aureus and E. coli. It is expected to realize the real-time fluorescence monitoring of metal ion detection and antibacterial process. [Display omitted] • A novel fluorescent probe CS-TPE for detection of Fe3+ and bacteria was prepared. • The detection limit was 0.998 μM for Fe3+ in the range of 10–300 μM. • It was applied to detecting Fe3+ in spiked samples with RSD < 2.88 %. • CS-TPE exhibited good antibacterial performance and could be used for detection of bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo glue products are widely used in decoration, construction and transportation. Bamboo is fast growing, strong and inexpensive, making it one of the ideal processing materials to replace steel and wood. Here we present a process for the production of high performance bamboo glue products. In this process, the conversion of natural bamboo surface (NBS) to oxidized bamboo surface (OBS) is a critical step prior to hot pressing, as it provides the bamboo interface with active sites (aldehyde groups) for chemical cross-linking with the adhesive. Subsequent covalent crosslinking with branched chain amine (PA XN) compounds is based on Schiff base chemistry. The improved properties of the oxidized bamboo specimens were attributed to chemical cross-linking within the oxidized bamboo-binder interface (OBI-PA XN) and further densification of the bamboo adhesive interface. The dry/hot/boiling water bond strength of OBI-PA 6 N was increased by 130 % (7.5 MPa)/148 % (5.05 MPa)/130 % (3.26 MPa) compared to NBI-PA 6 N (3.26 MPa, 2.04 MPa, 0.88 MPa). Its bonding strength and bending strength are superior to commercial PF resins. The combination of excellent mechanical properties with the rich, renewable and sustainable nature of bamboo makes it very attractive for engineering applications. [Display omitted] • High-performance glued bamboo was prepared by a simple two-step process. • The chemical bonding interfaces was constructed based on the Schiff base reaction. • The bonding and flexural strength of OBI-PA 6 N are superior to commercial PF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing in diabetic patients is often complicated by issues like inflammation, infection, bleeding, and fluid retention. To tackle these challenges, it is essential to create hydrogel dressings with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidative properties. This study aimed to synthesize Phlorizin-Liposomes (PL) through the thin-film dispersion method and integrate them into an oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogel scaffold, resulting in an OSA/CMCS/PL (PLOCS) composite hydrogel via a Schiff base reaction. Characterization of the composite was performed using FTIR, TEM, and SEM techniques. The research assessed the swelling behavior, antibacterial effectiveness, and biocompatibility of the PLOCS composite hydrogel, while also investigating how PLOCS facilitates diabetic wound healing. The results demonstrated that PLOCS effectively controls drug release, possesses favorable swelling and degradation characteristics, and shows significant antioxidative properties along with in vitro biocompatibility. Histological analysis confirmed that PLOCS supports the proliferation of healthy epithelial tissue and collagen production. Western blotting indicated that PLOCS diminishes inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 pathway and activates Nrf2 to boost wound healing, increasing the levels of antioxidative enzymes such as HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC. In summary, PLOCS presents a promising new option for advanced wound dressings aimed at treating diabetic ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fluorimetric sensing for determination of aluminum in water resources. • Fluorimetric method developed for aluminum determinations. • Newly synthesized N,N' -bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4,4′-diamino diphenyl ether. Industrial waste contaimnation of water sources is a serious environmental problem. As a result, it's critical to identify metallic contamination in water with precision, sensitivity, and accuracy. In acetonitrile, the fluorimetric parameters of N,N-' bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4,4′-diamino diphenyl ether (DHDPE) and aluminum complex were determined. In the acetonitrile medium, the best fluorescence intensity of the DHDPE-Al complex was observed at λex = 280 nm, λem = 391 nm (excitation and emission wavelengths). For optimum complex formation, the ideal pH, duration, and temperature were 4.5, 20 min, and 25 °C, respectively. Within the ranges of 0.027–0.27 and 0.27–2.70 ppm aluminum concentrations, [Al3+]-F.I. Calibration graphs were linear. The fluorimetric aluminum measurement method was applied to diverse water sources using the newly synthesized macro molecular Schiff base DHDPE as the ligand. The aluminum concentration in water inflow to KOSKI (Konya Water and Sewerage Administration) was doubled as a result of the examination when compared to other samples of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An efficient ultrasonic synthesis was developed for the synthesis of 5,5′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine):S-6 and 5,5′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(1,3,4-oxaadiazol-2-amine):S-16. • Their structurally diverse schiff base analogues were also prepared. • The insilico and invitro anti-microbial studies of the synthesized compounds were performed. • The compounds S-18, S-21 and S-11 having a higher docking score of −10.8, −10.7 and −10 Kcal/mol had strong binding to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophos- phokinase. • The presence of halogens and OH group on phenyl ring in the structure of compounds makes them potential antimicrobial compounds. An efficient ultrasonic synthesis of structurally diverse Pyridine-2,6-dithiazole/ dioxazole analogues were designed and achieved by ultrasonic irradiation techniqueas well as by conventional method. The advantages of this eco-friendly ultrasonic irradiation method over conventional method are excellent yields, no metal catalyst, less toxic solvents, simple workup, no chromatographic column purifications. The precursor S-6 and S-16 and their Schiff base derivatives S-10 to S-15 and S-17 to S-22 were characterized by spectral means, found consistent for expected structure. To check their biological potential molecular docking and invitro antimicrobial studies were also performed. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A tridentate schiff base ligand containing naphtyl moiety with general formula (N^N^OH) was synthesized. • Pt-L2 was obtained from the ligand with the formula [PtCl(N^N^O)]. • Changes in the relative viscosity of ct-DNA indicated an intercalation mode of binding for Pt-L2. • Pt-L2 indicated the spontaneous formation of an adduct with BSA with good binding affinity. • Pt-L2 possesses better IC 50 values compared to cisplatin against two cancer cell lines. A tridentate Schiff base ligand was synthesized via the reaction of 2-hydroxynpthaldehyd with N -phenyl-o-phenylenediamine. The obtained ligand was utilized in synthesizing Pt-L2 [PtCl(N^N^O)]. The ligand and Pt-L2 were characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopies as well as elemental analysis. The DNA-binding of Pt-L2 was examined by fluorescence quenching using the EB-DNA adduct method. The apparent affinity for the compound toward ct-DNA was nearly twice the affinity of ethidium bromide. Changes in the relative viscosity induced by platinum complexes of ct-DNA indicated an intercalation mode of binding for Pt-L2 and covalent binding for the second platinum compound, Pt-L1, synthesized from 3-ethoxysalicyaldehyde and N -phenyl-o-phenylenediamine. BSA-binding by Pt-L2 indicated the spontaneous formation of an adduct with the protein with good binding affinity (7.7 × 104). The anticancer activities of Pt-L2 were evaluated against two cancer cell lines and compared to that of Pt-L1 and cisplatin. Pt-L2 has better IC 50 values, possibly because of its highly π-delocalized planar system. Moreover, selectivity index for Pt-L2 is high (SI = 168) which is one of the criteria for potential chemotherapeutic agents (higher than that observed for cisplatin (SI = 37)). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nine dinuclear lanthanide (III) complexes were synthesized and characterized. • Single crystal X-ray structure of [Dy 2 (L) 2 (NO 3) 4 ] is discussed. • In vitro antibacterial activities of compounds were identified. • Antioxidant activities of compounds were evaluated using DPPH. A series of lanthanide(III) complexes containing Schiff base ligand, [NEt 3 ] 2 [Ln 2 (L) 2 (NO 3) 4 ]⋅xH 2 O {Ln, x: La,1; Pr, 2, Nd, 1; Sm, 1; Eu, 1; Gd, 1; Tb, 2; Dy, 2; and Er, 4; H 2 L : (E)-N'-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)picolinohydrazide Schiff Base Ligand}, have been synthesized by reaction of H 2 L with Ln(NO 3) 3 ⋅xH 2 O salts {Ln, x: La, 6; Pr, 6; Nd, 6; Sm, 6; Eu, 5; Gd, 6; Tb, 5; Dy, 6; Er, 5} in the presence of Et 3 N. The structures of these compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, thermal gravimetric, molar conductivity, and different spectral analysis techniques (IR, UV–vis, 1H, and 13CNMR). Each unit of the anionic part comprises one Ln3+ ion, one bi-basic L2− ligand, and two bidentate nitrate NO 3 − groups. Each Ln3+ ion is coordinated by one pyridyl N atom, two alkoxido O atoms, one azomethine N atom, and one phenolate O atom. The lanthanide centers in the dinuclear core are bridged by two alkoxide groups from two ligands. The molar conductivity results have indicated that each of these complexes is a 2:1 electrolyte. Dy_L complex obtained from a mixture of MeCN/DMF solution has also been structurally characterized via X-ray diffractometry. The solid-state structure of the Dy_L complex revealed that the asymmetric unit of Dy_L is formulated from Dy3+ ion, one L2− ligand, one bi-dentate nitrate NO 3 − group, and one coordinated DMF molecule. The results of antioxidant activities have shown that all investigated complexes are more efficient in quenching DPPH• than the free H 2 L. Antibacterial activities have also been investigated against some Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. The MIC values have reflected that all complexes have moderate antibacterial activity against the examined Gram-negative bacteria. On the contrary, they are inactive against the examined Gram-positive bacteria. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Copper and silver mediated Aldehyde−Amine−Acetylene (A3) Coupling yielded propargylamines in good to excellent yields (24–89 %). • A metal-bound acetylide species is identified as a key catalytic species by mass spectrometric studies. • DFT studies provide mechanistic insights about the Aldehyde−Amine−Acetylene (A3) Coupling. • The electronic structure and bonding characteristics of the copper (1 – 2) a and the silver (1 – 2) b complexes were investigated using steric map plots, 13C NMR and other computational analyses, indicating a robust concurrence with the experimental data. • Through DFT analysis, the suggested mechanistic pathway reveals that the A3 coupling reaction catalysis is governed by a rate-determining C–C coupling step. The copper (1 – 2) a and the silver (1 – 2) b complexes of the super bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) variants namely, [1,3-{2,4,6-(Ph 2 CH) 3 C 6 H 2 } 2 -imidazol-2-ylidene]MX [where, M = Cu; X = Cl (1a), Br (2a): M = Ag; X = Cl (1b), Br (2b)] effectively facilitated the A3 coupling reaction of diverse amine, aldehyde, and acetylene substrates yielding a wide array of propargylamines in moderate to good (ca. 24−89 %) yields. A metal bound acetylide species, [1,3-{2,4,6-(Ph 2 CH) 3 C 6 H 2 } 2 -imidazol-2-ylidene]M(C CPh) [where, M = Cu (A), Ag (B)] has been identified as a key catalytic species by mass spectrometric studies. The Density functional theory (DFT) studies further revealed the rate-limiting step as the formation of the C-C coupling transition state (TS2) from the silver-acetylide species (Int2). The super bulky ligand framework plays a pivotal role in this step by anchoring the protonated Schiff's base imine in the vicinity of the alkyne through several non-covalent-interactions, including a strong C–H•••O interaction, thereby reducing the corresponding kinetic barrier leading to an efficient catalytic transformation as reflected in the high propargylamine yields. Furthermore, the catalytic utility of the coupling reaction was further extended by synthesising pargyline, which is a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor drug molecule, in a one-pot manner and that to in a gram-scale synthesis. Super bulky N−heterocyclic carbene complexes of Cu(I), Ag(I), efficiently catalyzed propargylamine synthesis by Aldehyde-Amine-Acetylene (A3) coupling via a catalytically active metal acetylide species. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two new Pd(II) complexes have been synthesized. • The structure of the complex 1 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. • The DNA/protein binding studies were carried with CT-DNA and BSA as models. • Complexes exhibited significant free radical scavenging activities. • The anticancer activity of the Pd(II) complexes was probed in vitro cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines by MTT assay and cytological changes observed in (AO/EB and DAPI) staining method. Two new Palladium(II) complexes were synthesized by reacting (3‑hydroxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylic thiophen-2-ylmethylene-hydrazide) with [PdCl 2 (EPh 3) 2 ] (E = P , As). The complexes [Pd(L-N,O)Cl(PPh 3)] (1) [Pd(L-N,O)Cl(AsPh 3)] (2), HL = 3‑hydroxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylicthiophen-2-ylmethylenehydrazide formation was analysed through various spectroscopic investigations (IR, Uv-Visble, 1HNMR) and structural confirmation was obtained from single crystal x-ray crystallography, which indicated that the complex 1 having distorted square planar geometry. DNA/protein binding ability of the ligand and complexes were commenced using absorption and emission titrations and found that the complex 2 have better binding ability with tyrosine and tryptophan residues and by quenching the fluorescence of BSA through static quenching mechanism. Their antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities were assessed, where complex 2 displayed better radical scavenging properties and cancer cell death inducing ability. Further, DAPI staining assay was performed to detect the mode of cell death and found complex 2 having better towards to cell death. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two nano-Schiff base complexes [CuSB1] and [AgHSB2] were investigated by physical and spectroscopic measurements. • The optimized geometrical structures of H2SB, 1, 2 and HOMO–LUMO representations were performed by Cluster calculations. • Cu and Ag atoms form square planar and tetrahedral geometries, respectively. • 1 and 2 exhibit efficient catalytic activity to prepare different triazoles (3–8). using single pot selective cycloaddition reaction. • The activity of compounds 1–4 against the antimicrobial and fungi had been tested by disc diffusion method. 1,2,3-Triazoles are one of the most important nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocycles and have a wide range of applications in pharmaceuticals, chemical biology, and industry. Therefore, the development of facile and straightforward methodology for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles is of noteworthy interest. Click chemistry represents the most facile, easy and one pot reaction method to synthesize catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Nano-scaled bis(2 ‑ hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylidene) ethane-1,2-diamine copperII [CuSB 1 ] and nano-silver ethane-1,2-diamine bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylidene) [AgHSB 2 ] complexes where H 2 SB= 1,2-diamino ethane-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylidene), were synthesized utilizing ultrasonic green method. The catalysts were examined by elemental analyses, molar conductance, and spectrophotometric tests. The optimized geometrical structures of H 2 SB, [CuSB 1 ] , [AgHSB 2 ], and HOMO–LUMO representations were performed by Cluster calculations using DMOL3 program. TEM images showed narrower morphology and regular nanostructures of the catalysts. CuSB 1 ] and [AgHSB 2 ] exhibit efficient catalytic activity to prepare different triazoles (3–8). using single-pot selective cycloaddition reaction within very short time and excellent yield without presence of biproducts. The complexes [CuSB 1 ] , [AgHSB 2 ] and the triazoles 3, 4, as representative examples, have efficient antimicrobial activity making them promising drugs for treating the bacterial and fungal infections. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of new bis- indolylmethane analogues and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. • Identification of a new class of α -glucosidase, α -amylase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities. • Structure activity relationship was established to understand the contribution of different substituents. • In silico studies of most active compounds were performed to understand the binding interactions with enzyme. Fifteen bis -indolylmethane analogues were synthesized, characterized through NMR (1H, 13C) and high-resolution electron-impact mass spectrometry (HREI-MS), and tested against α -glucosidase, α -amylase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potentials. All analogues exhibited different inhibitory potentials, with IC 50 values ranging between 7.5 ± 0.92 to 58.4 ± 0.07 μ M (α -glucosidase), and 0.80 ± 0.05 to 15.30 ± 0.10 μ M (α -amylase) as compared to the standard drug acarbose (IC 50 = 38.45 ± 0.80 and 8.90 ± 0.10 μ M). Out of fifteen analogues, nine showed an excellent inhibitory potency that was manyfold better than standard drugs. A slight increase or decrease in inhibition was observed due to substituents attached at imine site. In the case of α -amylase inhibition, two analogues such as 2 and 11, showed excellent inhibitory potential with IC 50 values of 0.80 ± 0.05 and 0.90 ± 0.10 μ M while all other analogues showed good potency. All analogues were also tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory potentials, and they showed good potentials ranging from 1.40 ± 0.20 to 16.20 ± 0.50 μ M (AChE) and 3.20 ± 0.10 to 19.60 ± 0.20 μ M (BuChE) as compared to the standard drug Donepezil (IC 50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 μ M and 4.5 ± 0.11 μ M). In the case of AChE, analogue 3 is the most potent, and in the case of BuChE, analogue 9 is the most potent among the series. The structure-activity relationship was carried out, mainly associated with the nature, number, and position and the electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects of the substituent(s) on the phenyl ring. The binding modes as well as binding free energy for α -glucosidase and α -amylase inhibitors were determined through docking studies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+ is accomplished by a chemosensor based on the thiocarbohydrazide Schiff base (L). • L shows a color change from colorless to yellow in the presence of Hg2+ and Cu2+and thus easy integration with a cost-effective smartphone application. • The binding stoichiometry of L and metal ions is 2:1. • The detection limits for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions are 0.11 µM and 0.18 µM, respectively. • L is viable for applications in various water samples. A simple and sensitive thiocarbohydrazide Schiff base colorimetric chemosensor (L) was synthesized, and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, TOF-MS, and elemental analyses. UV–vis absorption spectra of L in CH 3 CN:H 2 O (9:1, v/v) showed a highly selective absorption enhancement response towards Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions, accompanied by distinct color changes from colorless to yellow. The binding stoichiometry of chemosensor L and related metal ions was 2:1 and the binding constant was 2.6 × 105 M−1 for Hg2+ and 2.6 × 104 M−1 for Cu2+. The detection limits for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions were 0.11 and 0.18 µM, respectively. The effective naked eye color change of L depending on Hg2+ and Cu2+ concentration was integrated with smartphone for real-time applications of chemosensor. Finally, L was successfully applied to determine of Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in tap water, drinking water, and river water samples. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • TPAQ-COF was synthesized by SDS-assisted Schiff base reaction for SvGls adsorption. • TPAQ-COF has a higher adsorption content for SvGls. • The adsorption mechanism was analyzed through theoretical calculations. • TPAQ-COF adsorbent has good cycle stability and achieve multiple cycles. Mother liquor sugar (MLS) is considered a by-product of the industrial production of stevia glycosides. In this work, an efficient purification strategy for separating Steviol glycosides (SvGls) from MLS was developed. A β-ketenamine covalent organic framework (TPAQ-COFs) was prepared by a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) assisted Schiff base reaction. The adsorption capacity for Rebaudioside A (RA), Rebaudioside D (RD), and Stevioside (ST) was studied. The research indicated that after adding SDS, the aggregation phenomenon of TPAQ-COFs was reduced, and the total adsorption of RA, RD, and ST increased by 338.94 mg/g. According to Langmuir model, the adsorption of RA, RD, and ST by TPAQ-COFs were 423.73, 253.16, and 381.68 mg/g, respectively. In addition, density functional theory and electrostatic potential elucidate the adsorption mechanism of SvGls on TPAQ-COFs. In TPAQ-COFs molecules β-ketenamine forms hydrogen bonds with SvGls, as well as abundant Π-Π interaction site is the main reason for its efficient adsorption of SvGls. After 9 cycles, the reuse rates of ST, RA, and RD in TPAQ-COFs were 96.26 %, 96.90 %, and 94.77 %, respectively, demonstrating high reusability and stability. This study lays the foundation for the practical application of a covalent organic framework in the separation and purification of MLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel catalyst based on nanoparticles of Ni(II) complex was developed to enhance the activity toward alcohol oxidation and hence its possible application in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). The [NiII(ABP) 2 ] complex was formed in a molar ratio 1(Ni):2(ABP), where (ABP) was synthesized based on 4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (DMBA), 4-Aminoantipyrine (AAP) and 2-aminophenol (AP) through two condensation steps. Several characterization techniques were used to evaluate the structure of the synthesized compounds, such as elemental analysis, mass, FTIR, UV–Vis, 1HNMR , magnetic, molar conductance and XRD. Transmission and scanning electron microscope (TEM and SEM) images of separated [NiII(ABP) 2 ] complex revealed particles with a size lower than 26 nm. SEM for [NiII(ABP) 2 ]/GCE before and after ethanol oxidation was performed along with EDX and mapping techniques. The computational DFT (density functional theory) calculations supported the octahedral geometry shape of the prepared [NiII(ABP) 2 ] chelate. Several octahedral structures involved in a purposed mechanism were studied using DFT to show the expected optimized shapes formed during ethanol oxidation. Also, the alcohol adsorption simulation was performed using Dmol3 numerical DFT modules to calculate the adsorption energy of alcohols on nickel complex surface. Additionally, the activity toward oxidation of alcohols with different sizes and stereochemistry (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol) was investigated in an alkaline medium. The electrode activity was represented for each alcohol as a function of anodic oxidation current. Whereas the electrode achieved 14, 26, 6, and 4 mA cm−2 for methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, respectively. Moreover, several parameters were calculated to judge the electrode performance, like diffusion coefficient, catalytic rate constant, stability, Tafel slope, and charge transfer resistance. The theoretical calculations and the experimental findings strongly correlate with each other, where Ni-complex showed the greatest catalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]