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In this study, spacecraft orbital motion in the Hill three-body problem is considered. When the secondary body moves in a circular orbit whose center is the primary body, a distant retrograde orbit (DRO) exists on the plane of revolution of the secondary body. In this study, a three-dimensional DRO including an out-of-plane motion is investigated. First, the motion in each direction is assumed as a simple trigonometric motion, and relations between the ratios of the amplitudes and the ratios of the angular velocities are derived. Then, a stability criterion of the three-dimensional DRO is obtained from the maximum eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix. A comparative study is executed between the present analytical results and the numerical simulations, and it validates the analytical results. • Spacecraft orbital motion in the Hill three-bodyproblemis considered. • A three-dimensional DRO including an out-of-plane motion is investigated. • Relations between amplitudes and frequencies are derived by the Fourier series. • A stability criterion of the three-dimensional DRO is approximately obtained. • Analytical results are validated by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We at Kawasaki have proposed a “CO 2 free H 2 chain” using the abundant brown coal of Australia as a hydrogen source. We developed the basic design package and finished the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) in 2014. There are not only the hazards of the processing plant system, but also the characteristic hazards of a hydrogen plant system. We considered and carried out Hazard Identification (HAZID) as the most appropriate approach for safety design in this stage. This paper describes the safety design and HAZID which we practiced for the CO 2 -Free Hydrogen Supply Chain FEED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research, a new measurement method and the mechanism of half-lifetime τ (h) of ozone decay is proposed. Ozone is generated by such electric discharge as a silent or surface discharge and has a strong oxidation power and is widely used for air or water purification.But to determine the dosage of ozone, it is necessary to know the half-lifetime of ozone decay τ in air and/or water . Ozone decay is found to change in a logarithmic way. Through the measurements of the ozone concentration x (g/m3) with time t, the half-lifetime of ozone decay, τ, is estimated . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: Our purpose was to characterize eye movement patterns in the human fetus at term persisting in breech presentation.Study Design: Studied were 11 fetuses in breech presentation and 12 in cephalic presentation at 36 to 41 weeks' gestation, of which the presentation remained unchanged from 32 weeks' gestation until delivery. With real-time ultrasonography we analyzed three measurements by means of the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test: (1) duration of eye-movement and no-eye-movement periods, (2) frequency of eye movements, and (3) proportion of horizontal, vertical, and oblique eye movements.Results: There were significant differences in the eye movement directions between breech and cephalic fetuses: horizontal (median 70.3% vs 80.2%), vertical (17.4% vs 11.0%), and oblique (13.1% vs 9.1%), respectively. No differences were noted in the duration of eye-movement and no-eye-movement periods or in the frequency of eye movements.Conclusion: Eye movement pattern, in direction, of term fetuses persisting in breech presentation run on a different in-utero developmental course of neural control from those in cephalic fetuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is an important complication in a tacrolimus (TAC)-based immunosuppressive regimen. The present study investigated the incidence, clinical risk factors, TAC pharmacokinetics (PK), and genomic polymorphisms related to TAC-PK or diabetes mellitus (DM) under the TAC-based immunosuppressive protocol. Patients and Methods: Seventy-one nondiabetic renal allograft recipients transplanted from February 1998 to March 2004 were studied. Patients with over 6.5 mg/dL of hemoglobin A1c on sequential blood samples or requiring insulin or oral antidiabetic agents around 6 months after transplantation were diagnosed as having PTDM. Results: Six months after transplantation, 10 recipients (14.1%) developed PTDM. The positive risk factors were age (P = .003) and body mass index (P = .035). There were no significant differences in gender distribution, pretransplant dialysis period, dialysis modality, acute rejection rate, total steroid doses, TAC-PK, or its related genomic polymorphisms between the two groups. In the DM-related polymorphisms, the frequency of PTDM was significant higher in patients with the VDR TaqI tt or Tt genotype than in those with the TT genotype (P = .013). After a multivariate analysis, age over 50 years (P = .007, odds ratio 8.92) and the presence of VDR TaqI t allele (P = .043, odds ratio 6.71) were correlated with the development of PTDM. Conclusion: The incidence of PTDM in our series was 14.1%. Age over 50 years was a risk factor. The presence of VDR TaqI t allele might be a risk for PTDM. An association between TAC-PK and development of PTDM was not observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Purpose: The present retrospective study investigated the influence of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) instead of azathioprine (AZA) as part of tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were used for associations with the incidence of acute rejection (AR) episodes and infectious complications after renal transplantation. Methods: The 66 consecutive renal transplant recipients reported herein excluded ABO-incompatible transplants or cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative recipients. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of tacrolimus, steroids, and AZA 1–2 mg/kg/d in 22 patients (between February 1998 and December 2000) or MMF 2 g/d in 44 patients (since January 2001). CMV infection was defined as positive CMV-antigenemia. MPA PK was studied on day 28 after transplantation in 21 recipients. Results: AR occurred in 13.6% of patients in the MMF group compared with 18.2% in the AZA group. The viral infection (CMV, varicella zoster virus, adenovirus hemorrhagic cystitis, and malignancy related to Epstein-Barr [EB] virus) rate was 22.7% in the MMF group and 0% in the AZA group (P = .015). There were no bacterial or fungal infections observed in the 2 groups. MMF dose per body weight was significantly lower among patients with AR than those without AR (25.1 vs 35.6 mg/kg; P = .026). There were no differences in MPA PK parameters between patients with and without viral infections. Conclusions: Patients treated with MMF required less treatment for AR, however, there were no significant differences. MMF dose per body weight may play an important role in the occurrence of AR. Although virus infections occurred in recipients treated with MMF, MPA PK did not influence the infectious complications after renal transplantation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]