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There are two competing arguments for the physician's ownership of ancillary facilities: indirect demand inducement and quality assurance. Physician-owned clinics were found to accept patients 50% more than independent clinics. The difference is accounted for by factors in relation to demand inducement. There was no difference in the quality of care between physician-owned clinics and independent clinics. Physical therapists are more inclined to practice independently than work in physician-owned clinics.

Highlights: [•] We compare principals’ evaluations of teachers with value-added measures of teacher performance. [•] Principals can distinguish between high and low-value added teachers, but the overall correlation between principal evaluations and value added is modest. [•] Principal evaluations capture a different set of personality traits than do value-added measures. [•] Past value-added predicts a teacher's impact on student achievement, though in some cases subjective ratings can improve predictive ability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] We test many of the central assumptions required to derive value-added models. [•] Empirically, we reject nearly all assumptions underlying value-added models. [•] We find that teacher value-added estimates are highly sensitive to model specification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Students with disabilities whose teacher is special-ed. certified have greater achievement. [•] Non-disabled students have lower achievement when taught by a special-ed. certified teacher. [•] Professional development has no effect on the value-added of teachers in special education courses. [•] Non-disabled students whose reg. ed. teacher has special ed. training have higher achievement. [•] The payoff to experience is greater for teachers in reg. ed. courses than in special ed. courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]