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To analyze the clinical and demographic characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosed in a single Oral Pathology laboratory. All cases diagnosed as OSCC in the Oral Pathology laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, from 2013 to 2020 were selected. Information were retrieved from the laboratory forms and data was descriptively and comparatively analyzed. Mean age was 62,7 years and males represented 66,2% of the sample (total 607 cases). Mean time of complaint was 10,5 months and the two most affected locations were the border of the tongue (31,7%) and the floor of the mouth/ventral tongue (19,8%). Leukoerithroplakic and ulcerated areas were present in, respectively, 28,7% and 61,3% of the cases. Mean age of females was higher than males (p<0,001) and mean size of the tumors was higher in males (p=0,039). Ulcerated areas were associated with a lower time of complaint (p=0,016) and larger size of the tumors (p=0,001). Ulcerated areas were more common in gingival/alveolar mucosal and soft palate tumors (p=0,030). There are differences on age, size and clinical aspect of the tumors, when comparing gender and anatomical location of OSCC in the studied sample. Support: FAPERJ, Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 65-year-old female presented at the stomatology clinic with a two-year history of a "lump in her tongue." Upon physical examination, a sessile normochromic nodule was observed on the left lateral border of the tongue. The nodule had a flat surface and smooth consistency, measuring approximately 3mm. The initial clinical diagnosis considered fibrous hyperplasia and lipoma. To establish a definitive diagnosis, an excisional biopsy was conducted, and histological analysis of the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides revealed an unencapsulated, well-circumscribed proliferation of blood vessels of various calibers and sizes, along with smooth muscle cells within the connective tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that neoplastic cells expressed AML and HHF35, while testing negative for S100 expression. Ki-67 expression was noted in less than 1% of the tumor cells. The final diagnosis was angioleiomyoma. The patient received successful treatment and continues to undergo clinical follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 54-year-old female was referred for evaluation of a swelling in the anterior maxilla lasting 4 months, producing paresthesia in the upper anterior teeth. Clinical examination revealed a 30 x 30 mm swelling covered by normal oral mucosa in the anterior maxilla. Panoramic radiograph and cone beam computed tomography revealed a relatively well-defined predominantly radiopaque lesion producing cortical bone destruction and root resorption on the adjacent teeth. Clinical diagnosis was cementoblastoma and an incisional biopsy was performed. Histological analysis of the HE-stained slides revealed a proliferation of dysplastic pleomorphic cells in a eosinophilic background along with chondroblastic areas, rendering a diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Patient was referred for a head and neck surgery service and was managed through a wide surgical resection with free surgical margins. Histological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed chondroblastic osteosarcoma and the patient remains in follow-up for 9 months with no signs of local recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentigerous cysts are rarely found in children during the first decade of life. A 2-year-old male was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service due to a complaint of facial swelling persisting for 12 months. His medical and family history indicated hyperactivity disorder and continuous use of phenobarbital. During the oral examination, a swelling was observed in the mandibular left posterior region, which obscured the buccal sulcus. An orthopantomogram revealed a well-circumscribed radiolucency with a developing molar tooth inside the lesion, measuring 5.0 cm. The clinical diagnosis was developmental odontogenic cyst. Enucleation was performed under general anesthesia. Histological analysis of the stained slides revealed a cystic lumen lined by epithelium. The final diagnosis was consistent with a dentigerous cyst. The patient has been under follow-up for 21 months and is currently asymptomatic, with no clinical evidence of recurrence. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are of utmost importance to prevent further growth of the cyst and its associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 19-year-old female presented at the stomatology clinic with a chief complaint of a "swelling in the upper lip." Physical examination unveiled a submucosal fibrous, mobile, nodular lesion measuring 3.5 cm within the upper lip. Her medical history included a mental illness and a history of epileptic seizures. The clinical diagnosis initially suggested pleomorphic adenoma, leading to the performance of an excisional biopsy under general anesthesia. Histological analysis of the Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) stained slides revealed a proliferation of large polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and hyperchromatic pleomorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli within the connective tissue. Immunoreactions were conducted to rule out other mesenchymal tumors, and the findings showed positivity to S-100, alpha-inhibin, SOX-10, along with ki-67 expression in 7% of the tumor cells. These findings supported the diagnosis of atypical granular cell tumor. The patient was subsequently referred to a plastic surgeon and is currently under clinical follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-year-old girl was brought to the stomatology clinic with a complaint of a lesion in the maxilla. Upon head and neck examination, red scaly lesions were observed on the head and auricular region, indicative of seborrheic dermatitis. Intraoral examination revealed an exophytic tumoral lesion with a granular surface, measuring approximately 3 cm, located in the upper right alveolar ridge, extending from tooth 53 to 55. This lesion had been present for one year. Radiographs displayed an ill-defined radiolucent image in the affected area. Based on the clinical findings, a provisional diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis was made, and an incisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination of the hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides revealed a proliferation of neoplastic histiocytes, consistent with Langerhans cells, along with numerous eosinophils. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the neoplastic cells were positive for S100 and CD1a expression, confirming the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The patient was subsequently referred to Pediatric Hematology/Oncology for further evaluation and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 58-year-old female sought care at the stomatology clinic with a complaint of feeling "a lump in my mouth caused by my denture." Upon physical examination, a sessile, lobulated, normochromic, fibrous lesion was identified in the right posterior region of the floor of the mouth and the retromolar area, which had been present for the past 3 months. The patient reported experiencing trauma due to her lower removable partial prosthesis and was a smoker. Based on the clinical presentation, the initial diagnosis was suspected to be squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequently, an incisional biopsy was performed. However, histological analysis of the H&E stained slides revealed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, predominantly composed of macrophages and eosinophils within a fibrous connective tissue stroma. An excisional biopsy was subsequently conducted, confirming the diagnosis of traumatic granuloma with tissue eosinophilia. The patient has been under follow-up for 7 months with no indications of recurrence. Furthermore, the patient was advised to consider obtaining a new removable prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]