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This paper is interested in modeling the nexus between health expenditure (HE), Environmental pollution (CO 2 emissions; Nitrous oxide emissions) and economic growth in the Sub-Saharan Africa countries using annual data over the period 1990–2015. We had applied the estimation method ARDL to model the long run and short run. In addition, we use the VECM Granger causality test for checking the direction of causality. Firstly, the results of ARDL test indicate that economic growth has positive impact on the HE while CO 2 emissions and NOE have negatives impact on the HE in the long run. The results show that a 1% increase in per capita GDP will lead to a 0.332% increase in the health expenditure, but an increase in CO 2 emissions and NOE of 1% will decrease the HE by 0.066% and 0.577%, respectively. On the other hand, the results of the VECM Granger causality show that there is a one-way relationship going from the HE to GDP per capita. On the contrary, a two-way causality relationship between CO 2 emissions and GDP per capita and also between the HE and CO 2 emissions is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth on a global panel of 53 countries. Using the panel data for the period of 1990–2014, the direction of causality between these two variables is also explored. The panel co-integration technique is used to reveal the long-term relationship between variables and the Vector error correction model (VECM) is applied to determine the direction of causality in the short and long-terms. The results show that there is a long run positive relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. The causality results reveal that there is a bidirectional Granger causality between economic growth and energy consumption and between economic growth and FDI for the global panel both in the short and long runs. Separately, the same results are also observed for the American countries. For African and Middle East countries; a short and long-run bidirectional causality between energy consumption and economic growth is found. A unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth is found for the European countries both in the short and long runs. For the European, African and Middle East countries, only short and long-runs unidirectional causality running from FDI to economic growth is revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the causal relationship between nuclear energy consumption, CO 2 emissions, renewable energy and real GDP per capita using dynamic panel for nine developed countries over the period 1990–2013. Capital and labor are included as additional variables. Results shown that there is a unidirectional causality running from renewable energy consumption to real GDP per capita for the whole panel at short run; this implies that policies for reducing energy consumption may not retard economic growth and income. However, there is no links between nuclear energy consumption and real GDP per capita, but a unidirectional causality from nuclear energy consumption to labor. Moreover, a bidirectional causality between labor and capital, and between CO 2 emissions and capital are found. In addition, there is a unidirectional causal relationship from labor to CO 2 emissions, while among other variables no causal relationship is found. In the long run, there exists also a bidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and real GDP per capita, which complain that renewable energy is a crucial component for economic growth. In addition, results revealed a unidirectional causality from GDP to CO 2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of energy consumption and the CO 2 emissions on economic growth using simultaneous-equation models with panel data for 58 countries over the period 1990–2012. Our empirical results show that energy consumption has a positive impact on economic growth. This implies that energy consumption played an important role in the increase of economic growth in the investigated economies but with the consequence of high pollution. Since energy is an important ingredient for economic growth, strong energy policies are required to realize economic growth. On the other hand, the CO 2 emissions have a negative impact on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study contributes to the existing environmental economics literature by examining the short- and long-run impacts of renewable and nuclear energy consumption on CO 2 emissions in the case of 15OECD countries over the period 1990–2018 using both the Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) and the vector error correction model approach (VECM) estimation methods. The results of the FMOLS show that: (i) investment in nuclear energy reduces CO 2 emissions in Canada, Netherlands, Japan, Switzerland, Czech Republic and UK, (ii) investment in renewable energy reduces CO 2 emissions in Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, UK, US, Japan, Switzerland, Finland, Czech Republic; however, it increases CO 2 emissions in Netherlands and South Korea, and (iii) both nuclear and renewable energy consumption reduces carbon emissions for the panel estimations. Moreover, the results of the VECM method show that nuclear and renewable energies reduce CO2 emissions in the long-term. Our results suggest that the best option to reduce CO 2 emissions is to aim for a mix of nuclear and renewable energy. No need to choose. On the contrary: the two sources of energy are complementary. Policy implications are also discussed. Image 1 • Investment in nuclear energy and renewable energy reduced CO2 emissions in Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, UK, US, Japan, Switzerland, Finland, Czech Republic; however, it increases CO2 emissions in Netherlands and South Korea. • Both nuclear and renewable energy consumption reduces carbon emissions for the panel estimations. • The best option to reduce CO2 emissions is to aim for a mix of nuclear and renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]