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The extremal problem of two types of high order spectra for graphs are considered, which are called r -adjacency spectrum and t -clique spectrum, respectively. In this paper, we obtain the maximum r -adjacency spectral radius of a K r + 1 minor-free graph of order n in the case 1 ≤ r ≤ 3 , which implies the Hadwiger's conjecture is true for 1 ≤ r ≤ 3. Moreover, an upper bound of the 3-clique spectral radius of a B k -free and K 2 , l -free graph G of order n is given, where B k is the graph consisting of k triangles sharing an edge. As a corollary of this result, we obtain an upper bound of the number of the triangles for G which improves a result of Alon and Shikhelman (2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the continued drive for sharing the self online, social media users have been increasingly orienting to practices of 'not sharing' in the context of wider debates about digital wellbeing. In this article, we investigate how celebrities manage and navigate online sharing. We focus on media ideologies in social media posts that announce the celebrities' decision to 'take a break', i.e. to stop posting and/or engaging with social media content. Our analysis of these announcements as rich examples of metapragmatic awareness points to three main discourses that justify celebrities' decision to take a break: (a) mental health and wellbeing, (b) public-private boundaries, and (c) social justice and protest. These justifications of 'not sharing' are associated with metapragmatic typifications of celebrities who position themselves as vulnerable , but also as agentive , professional and role models for their fans. The article offers empirical insights into how power players of the social mediascape, such as celebrities, understand and orient to meanings and practices of digital sharing. In terms of practical implications, the study of celebrities' metapragmatic discourse reveals how fans, as ordinary users, are presented with opportunities and models of managing social media activity, owning mental health issues and acting on them. • Posts about taking a break from social media reveal users' metapragmatic discourse. • Not-sharing discourse points to changes in practices, attitudes and ideologies of sharing. • Media ideologies of (not) sharing focus on issues of users' privacy and wellbeing. • Celebrities (re)position themselves as mature, agentive and caring sharers. • Celebrities present their fans with models of digital sharing and owning mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharing is a key function of social media (Yus, 2022). This study aims to analyse the sharing practices of five Spanish WhatsApp groups from a pragmatic, ethnographic and qualitative perspective. The groups consist of family members, friends and three groups formed by work colleagues. Specifically, this study aims to respond three research questions: What do group members share? To what extent is the act of sharing explicitly and meta-pragmatically talked about and responded to? And to what extent do recipients respond to sharing also in a meta-pragmatically explicit way? Results show that both family and friends follow similar patterns, where interactants share good news and entertainment to boost rapport. Interestingly, this pattern is replicated by working groups, whose ultimate aim is rather different. This reveals that, independently of why the WhatsApp group was created, participants prefer boosting rapport by means of mutual enjoyment (Yus, 2023) rather than using these groups exclusively for their instrumental purpose, possibly because of Spanish culture's orientation to positive politeness (Iglesias Recuero, 2017). However, the meta-pragmatics of both types of groups seems to differ, with more explicit references performed in the working groups, probably due to the need to explicitly acknowledge that sharing might not be the groups' originally intended aim. • We study the pragmatics of sharing by five WhatsApp groups of Peninsular Spanish users ethnographically. • We examine the elements shared depending on the sociological variable of distance (work, family and friends). • More distant groups use meta-pragmatic comments to mitigate imposition. • Family and friends refrain from using meta-pragmatic comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharing experience via social media communication has been examined in psychology, sociology, communication and linguistic studies. While this research has mostly examined consumption experience and health issues, how people make meanings and develop interactions while sharing mundane matters needs more investigation. This paper reports on a pragmatic investigation into individuals sharing their exam experiences in social media groups. Data were collected from two support groups on Douban , a Chinese social networking site that encourages users to share their thoughts, interests and experiences. A total of 400 original posts, 200 each from a group sharing experiences of failure in examinations and a group sharing their success in examinations, were collected and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings showed that the two groups were significantly different in the ways they voluntarily disclosed their identities and in the types of expressions they employed to refer to different participants. In addition, they differed significantly in how they sought or offered support in interactions. Similarities and differences between the two groups' sharing are discussed in relation to the instructions of the two groups, their identity construction, the affordances of social media, and the importance of politeness and face in Chinese culture. • This paper reports on a pragmatic investigation into individuals sharing their exam experiences in social media groups. • The failure and the success groups were significantly different in the ways they voluntarily disclosed their identities. • They were also significantly different in the types of expressions used to refer to different participants. • They differed significantly in how they sought or offered support in interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the environmental emergency, eco-design needs to be "augmented" in order to further reduce the environmental impact of the products we use. To avoid products that are overloaded with unnecessary functions or that do not fully meet the consumer's needs, products whose lifespan is too short in relation to the resources consumed for their production, or products that are never fully used because they meet needs that are too infrequent, this article argues that we should consider a different frame of reference than lifecycle thinking, based on the maximum usefulness of exploitation of the extracted raw materials. This new framework called "Usefulness Thinking" focuses on the usefulness of the consumed resources in relation to 1/ the usage needs of consumers, 2/ the product exploitation time and 3/ its exploitation space/community. Following an analysis of the literature, the article presents the initial methodological drivers for an eco-design approach based on "Usefulness thinking" and applies it to the case of a cordless upright vacuum cleaner for a consumer living in an apartment or a detached house. For each configuration, a significant environmental performance is obtained, approaching a gain factor of 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of the Web 2.0 brought about a significant transformation in the tourist experience and in its modes of communication. One of the prevailing genres in today's digital tourism discourse is represented by online reviews, produced and consumed daily by millions of users on global platforms such as TripAdvisor, Booking.com or Airbnb. Online tourist reviews are mainly used to share a personal (travel) experience with service providers and fellow travelers, at the same time they offer an evaluation of tourism services. The aim of the present case study is to provide an in-depth investigation of how tourists are sharing their post-trip experiences online from a linguistic and pragmatic standpoint. Specifically, we focused on negative hotel reviews posted on TripAdvisor and we adopted a cross-linguistic perspective. Building on previous work, we now focused on a different set of languages, considering reviews written in Spanish, Italian and French (N100 for each language, for a total of N300) posted between 1st of January 2021 and 31st December 2022. Ultimately, the aim was to verify whether users writing in different languages share their experiences adopting uniform linguistic norms and communicative habits or display different discursive preferences. In order to reach this goal, we analyzed not only which topics tourists include in their reviews, but also which communicative moves they adopted to share their experiences and opinions. Results indicate a tendency towards a cross-linguistic similarity. This finding seems to point toward a potential standardization process of how travel experiences are shared online in different languages, within the highly popular genre of online reviews. • Online tourist reviews are used to share a personal (travel) experience with service providers and fellow travelers. • Negative reviews on TripAdvisor written in Spanish, French and Italian display a high degree of similarity. • Cross-linguistic resemblance is detected in terms of move composition, topics and reinforcing/mitigating strategies. • This high uniformity may suggest a standardization trend of how travel reviews are shared online in different languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An innovative digital platform supports the multidisciplinary study of Notre Dame Cathedral's by centralizing and sharing scientific data. • A digital dataset that encapsulates collaborative heritage science efforts in line with FAIR principles. • An integrated process from on-site data collection to long-term semantic data preservation. • A dedicated suite of digital tools for data curation, analysis and semantic enrichment. • Detailed workflows of digital documentation and multidisciplinary data harmonization. This article explores the design, development and deployment of a digital platform for scholarly work at Notre Dame Cathedral and demonstrates the transformative impact of digital technology on heritage disciplines. By merging technology and human expertise, the platform facilitates the creation, integration, sharing, and analysis of extensive scientific data on the multidisciplinary post-fire study of the cathedral. This multi-layered approach includes community building for collaborative efforts, digital tools tailored to different stakeholders, data structuring approaches for managing multidimensional features, and experience-based workflows for documenting, categorising and semantically enriching scientific and restoration data. The overall goal is to introduce an integrated solution for collaborative studies and to promote a digital memory of the collective initiative in accordance with the principles of FAIR for scientific heritage data. This initiative not only supports the research and restoration of Notre Dame, but also serves as a paradigm for future conservation and documentation efforts in the field of cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infrastructure of the Heliophysics discipline has promising components but with several missing gaps, drastically reducing research and development efficiency. Developing an online discovery and analysis software ecosystem will close several of these gaps. The five main focuses on this ecosystem should be Discovery, Implementation, Analysis, Reproducibility, and Sharing of results (DIARieS). In this paper, we give a detailed description of how the proposed software ecosystem should operate, and point out the large range of possible applications to benefit many disparate groups, such as researchers, operational staff, decision-makers, and educators. The infrastructure components and technological capabilities necessary for its completion are either currently available or in development, making such an ecosystem possible for the first time. One main focus of current infrastructure investments must be to adapt and connect these pieces together into a cohesive whole to increase our research and development efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how dictator giving varies by social context and worthiness of the recipient. We conduct lab-in-the-field experiments in Kamchatka, Russia, and Western Alaska, as well as a lab experiment with university students, in which we vary social distance and recipient characteristics across treatments. We ask what motivates individuals to share and whether offers from a dictator game, where dictators give from own-earnings, can tell us something more fundamental about social norms and sharing. Results indicate that subjects living in rural Indigenous communities, in both Russia and Alaska, who depend heavily on wild food harvests and possess strong sharing norms, are significantly more likely to give positive amounts compared to university students. We also find that in Indigenous communities, family relations and financial needs are prioritized in giving decisions. We suggest that treatment differences correspond to social norm differences in our study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative resource sharing is widespread across cultures, and it was likely critical during much of human evolutionary history for pooling risk. Need-based sharing specifically pools risk by following two cooperative rules: help others when asked, and only request help when in need. In a two-part study, we first expanded an agent-based model of need-based sharing partnerships, adding two types of defection and varying partnership sizes. We show that refusing to help always has a long-term cost, which increases with larger partnerships. In contrast, "greedy" requests that are not based on survival risk carry little-to-no cost. We then conducted an experimental vignette study of osotua, a need-based sharing tradition, with Tanzanian Maasai pastoralists. We found that participants generally complied with osotua requests, but shared larger amounts for requests that were based on survival risk. We conclude by proposing an expanded framework for evolutionary models involving need and fitness interdependence, where the cost asymmetry among types of defection generally favors a decision heuristic where individuals prefer sharing with those in need, but err on the side of generosity when need is uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel approach for secure and efficient single-secret image sharing in a resource-constrained environment. Traditional secret-sharing techniques are effective but often resource-intensive, making them less practical in scenarios with limited computational resources and storage overhead. While counting-based Secret-Sharing (CBSS) Schemes have been developed for numeric data, there has been a lack of schemes designed specifically for multimedia images. In response to this gap, our proposed model introduces a single-image sharing scheme based on bit permutation and counting bit operations, distributed over a cloud network. The key components of the proposed scheme include the group generation process, share generation and distribution, and secret reconstruction. In the group generation process, the secret image undergoes bit permutation to generate intermediate shares, which are then grouped into sets. Share generation involves performing counting bit operations on these groups to generate individual shares, which are subsequently distributed over a cloud server. The secret image can be reconstructed by combining all the shares and applying counting bit operations. The experimental findings illustrate that the proposed approach generates almost random shares. An assessment of the scheme's performance, utilizing metrics such as correlation, RMSE, and PSNR, indicates its superior results. The limitation of the scheme is that fewer than the required n shares may reveal the secret information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An online torque sharing function (TSF) with instantaneous torque error compensation method for switched reluctance machines is proposed to maintain a minimized ripple operation. The proposed method adjusts the shared torque between the phases based on instantaneous torque error different than the existing TSF methods formulated with a mathematical expression. The objective of this approach is to benefit from the outgoing phase torque as it has slow current dynamics due to the high inductance. Also, the incoming phase is turned on as soon as it can generate positive torque. During this process, the total torque is estimated instantaneously using lookup tables, and a correction current is calculated and injected into the incoming phase reference current as the inductance is low and current dynamics are fast. This way, the torque ripple is reduced for a wide speed range. Compared to the conventional linear, sinusoidal, exponential, and cubic TSFs, better torque ripple performance is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, a new heart allocation policy was introduced to reduce variability in access to and outcomes after transplantation, in part, through attempts at broader geographic sharing of donor hearts. We evaluated how this policy affected geographic sharing and waitlist outcomes by donation service area (DSA). This retrospective study of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database included adult patients waitlisted between October 2016 and October 2020, stratified by policy period. Our primary outcomes were mean proportion of imported and exported hearts aggregated by DSA as well as time to transplant. Following the policy change, there was substantial evidence of sharing across DSAs. The mean proportion of imported hearts transplanted by a DSA increased from 32% (95% CI: 27%-36%) to 74% (95% CI: 71%-78%; p < 0.001), and the mean proportion of exported hearts increased from 37% (95% CI: 33%-42%) to 75% (95% CI: 71%-79%; p < 0.001). The mean sharing ratio, defined as the log-transformed ratio of imported to exported hearts per DSA, shifted from 1.15 (95% CI: 0.88-1.42) to 1.02 (95% CI: 0.96-1.07), with a 76% decline in the variance across DSAs. As sharing increased, time to transplant per DSA declined from 153.9 days (95% CI, 143.4-164.4 days) pre-policy to 89.6 days (95% CI, 83.1-96.1 days) post-policy (p < 0.001). A larger decrease in waitlist time was associated with a higher proportion of exported hearts. The 2018 heart allocation policy was associated with more uniform access to heart transplantation and improved waitlist outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since cooperation has been identified to be a key factor of future manufacturing firms' success, manufacturing concepts incorporating cooperation gained increasing interest within research and industry. However, the benefits from a financial standpoint have not yet been investigated thoroughly. Therefore, this paper investigates financial aspects of a resource-sharing platform where manufacturing companies can request resources (in case of shortage) or offer them (in case of surplus) through a central platform. In the first step, the additional costs and revenues are worked out in the context of a resource-sharing network. In the second step, a model is developed in order to evaluate and compare the additional costs (manufacturing, management, administrative, penalty, inventory and distribution costs) as well as the additional revenues (incomes) of a resource-sharing platform. Then, platform-based and direct exchange-based resource sharing algorithms are compared from the financial perspective. Finally, the model is validated and tested with experiments conducted using an agent-based simulation model. The findings (1) can be applied in the design and operation of such a platform, and (2) are helpful for companies who are considering this type of collaboration as a way to increase their competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic idea of Hadoop is to use multiple independently working computers to form a cluster of computers that can be stored and calculated logically, and do not require other expensive facilities to run, but integrate cheap equipment together. Hadoop technology is produced in the context of big data, to achieve the mass storage of big data, the most prominent advantage is the cost advantage. Based on Hadoop architecture, this paper designs the LZW compression algorithm for improving the storage efficiency of teaching resources, including the algorithm principle and algorithm flow. The system functions of resource collection, storage, management, migration and retrieval are designed. and designed the function module of each system. The function modules of the system form a whole system through parameter transfer, which has low coupling property. The research results assist the construction of an integrated sharing system of storage, management, transfer and retrieval of teaching resources to meet the demands of teaching resource sharing in the era of big data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigated vulnerable roadway users' safety perceptions on road sharing with AVs. • Analyzed the survey responses of pedestrians and bicyclists in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, collected by Bike Pittsburgh (Bike PGH) in 2017 and 2019. • Non-parametric tests were applied to compare the safety perceptions of pedestrians and bicyclists across different characteristics, experiences, and attitudes. • An ordered probit model was estimated to better understand the factors influencing safety perceptions regarding road sharing with AVs. • Higher exposures to AVs are associated with improved safety perceptions. • Respondents with a stricter attitude towards AV regulations perceive road sharing with AVs as less safe. Introduction : The operation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on public roadways affects the safety of vulnerable roadway users, such as pedestrians and bicyclists. This research contributes to the literature by investigating vulnerable roadway users' safety perceptions on road sharing with AVs. Method : This study analyzed the survey responses of pedestrians and bicyclists in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, collected by Bike Pittsburgh (Bike PGH) in 2017 and 2019. First, this study investigates how pedestrians and bicyclists perceive safety regarding road sharing with AVs. Second, the study examines how the safety perceptions of pedestrians and bicyclists regarding AVs might be changing over time. Non-parametric tests were applied to compare the safety perceptions of pedestrians and bicyclists across different characteristics, experiences, and attitudes, considering the ordinal nature of the AV safety perception data. An ordered probit model was estimated to better understand the factors influencing safety perceptions regarding road sharing with AVs. Results: The study findings suggest that higher exposures to AVs are associated with improved safety perceptions. In addition, respondents with a stricter attitude toward AV regulations perceive road sharing with AVs as less safe. Respondents whose opinion regarding AVs did not worsen due to the pedestrian/bicyclist involved AV accident in Arizona have higher safety perceptions. Practical Applications: Policymakers can use the findings of this study in developing guidelines to ensure safe road sharing and develop strategies to sustain active transportation usage in the future AV era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shared economy is a model of collaborative consumption by obtaining, giving, or sharing access to goods and services through online platforms. It is a marketplace that provides users with access to product benefits with temporary ownership. Digitalization has introduced new possibilities and conditions for sharing and exchanging goods and services, allowing users to compare offers and connect dynamically with the seller in real time. The paper presents the results of the survey conducted on a group of 1,620 prosumers and the practical applications of the analysis of the results. The research aimed to identify the main components of the co-sharing decision-making process and their importance in this process. A diagnostic survey was used in the study, and the collected data were statistically analyzed. The main findings are that there are common criteria for evaluating the model of sharing goods and services for the research population. They are: sharing preference, trust, realized benefits, propensity to propagate, risk awareness, aversion to sharing, willingness to share, and the limits of anonymity. Moreover, subjective satisfaction with the achieved income influences the perception of factors that are important in the decision-making process of sharing goods and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk-adjusted survival after late heart re-transplantation may be comparable to primary transplant, but the efficacy of re-transplantation in older candidates is not established. We evaluated outcomes after heart re-transplantation in recipients > 60 years. We identified 1026 adult patients undergoing isolated heart re-transplantation between 2003 and 2020 from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Older recipients (> 60 years, n=177) were compared to younger recipients (≤ 60 years, n=849). Five and ten-year post-transplant survival was estimated using the Kalpan-Meier method and adjusted with multivariable Cox models. Older recipients were more likely to be male and have diabetes or previous malignancies with higher baseline creatinine. They also more frequently required pre-transplant ECMO (11.9% vs. 6.8%, p =0.02) and received re-transplantation due to primary graft failure (13.6% vs. 8.5%, p =0.03). After the transplant, older recipients had a higher incidence of stroke (6.8% vs. 2.6%, p =0.01) and dialysis requirements (20.3% vs. 13.2%) before discharge (both p <0.05), and more frequently died from malignancy-related causes (16.3% vs. 3.9%, p <0.001). After adjustment, recipient age >60 was associated with an increased risk of both 5-year (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02-2.01, p =0.04) and 10-year mortality (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.20-2.45, p =0.003). Restricted cubic spline showed a non-linear relationship between recipient age and 10-year mortality. Heart re-transplantation in recipients > 60 years has inferior outcomes compared to younger recipients. Strict patient selection and close follow-up are warranted to ensure the appropriate utilization of donor hearts and to improve long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to allocate the probability of reaching a target resulting from the joint action of a group of players? This question is framed within transferable utility games. We analyze the properties of games resulting from different scenarios, characterize their core and provide a proper axiomatic foundation to their Shapley value. • A target and a collective action with uncertain results. • How to divide the resulting probability of success. • Framed as a cooperative game, the Shapley value stands as a natural answer. • Proportionality to individual probabilities characterizes the Shapley value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the multi-objective control of transient process of hydropower plant with two turbines sharing one penstock under combined operating conditions (COCs). Firstly, the model of transient process of hydropower plant is presented. The illustration of four COCs is provided. Then, the multi-objective control strategy of transient process under COCs is designed. The decision variables and objective functions are selected. The control scheme and decision method are determined. Finally, the most favourable superposition time and the most unfavourable superposition time under COCs are determined. The results indicate that the objective function contains three objectives, i.e. spiral case outlet pressures, draft tube inlet pressures and rotational speeds of turbines. The most favourable superposition time under COC-1 can realize that the objectives reach control requirements simultaneously. The most favourable superposition time under COC-2 and the most unfavourable superposition time under COC-1 and COC-2 cannot realize that the objectives reach control requirements simultaneously, but can balance the objectives to the maximum extent. It is unnecessary to distinguish the most favourable superposition time and the most unfavourable superposition time strictly under COC-3. There is no the concepts of the most favourable superposition time and the most unfavourable superposition time under COC-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Parent-child dyads discussed property exchanges in a book-reading task. • Talk was coded for themes of ownership, sharing, and related social-moral concepts. • Parents discussed ownership concepts more with 2- versus 4-year-old children. • Some stories fostered talk about ownership while others fostered talk about sharing. • Findings highlight the complex nature of navigating property interactions. The present study uses a book-reading method to investigate how parents and young children discuss property interactions. 64 parent-child dyads considered 10 stories about different kinds of property interactions. 32 dyads included 2-year-olds and 32 included 4-year-olds. Dyads were of American, majority White, and a higher SES background. We discovered trade-offs in parent-child talk, wherein some property scenarios (e.g., trick-taking) promoted more talk about ownership, whereas others (e.g., borrowing) promoted more talk about sharing. We also document, for potentially the first time, which interactions elicit parent-child talk about the non-obvious history of possessions. Throughout their conversations, parents and children conversations revealed how successful reasoning about property interactions relies on a multi-part construal that includes not only the owner and their rights, but also the nature of the object, and the broader socio-moral context. Finally, we found that parents were more likely to discuss ownership concepts with younger children than older children, and that 4-year-olds were more sensitive to how different property interactions violated (or did not violate) owners' rights than 2-year-olds. We suggest that 2-year-olds' general approval of most exchanges may have led parents to highlight the ways different exchanges affected the owner. Together, these findings shed light on how parents and children engage with complex social-moral issues surrounding property interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores an integrated control technique for a dual-armed space robot that has captured a tumbling satellite. The compliant behavior for safe manipulation in-orbit is achieved using the external impedance at the target level. First, considering the control moment constraints imposed on the target body, a fast detumbling strategy is proposed using dynamic movement primitives method with normalized time. Following the capturing of a non-cooperative target, a coordinated hierarchical control scheme is developed with multi-arm space robotic dynamics modeling to direct the space robot in carrying out the pre-planned detumbling strategy. The proposed control scheme incorporates external impedance, internal force control and load sharing. Finally, numerical simulation with a sample case of two collaborative seven-degree-of-freedom space robotic arms capturing a tumbling target satellite verifies the viability and efficacy of the presented control strategy. • A dynamic movement primitives based detumbling strategy was derived. • Distinct load sharing policies were developed for sharing parts of the load among the dual-arm. • A coordinated hierarchical control scheme incorporated multiple subtasks was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy communities with members which own electric vehicles (EVs) can benefit financially from the flexibility that EVs provide to distributed energy resources, such as photovoltaic generators. However, in residential environments, this benefit is often lost because during working hours, most EVs are not plugged in at the premises of the community. In this paper, we hypothesize that such communities can regain some of this lost benefit by offering membership to outside EV owners which are interested in charging their vehicles using the community's charging stations during these periods. This paper introduces an optimization model for energy communities consisting of prosumers, electric vehicles, and EV chargers. The model aims to evaluate the potential advantages of integrating external EV owners into an energy community. A hypothetical community representing a multi-apartment building is analyzed, considering scenarios both with and without external members. The analysis focuses on assessing the technical and economic benefits. The findings indicate that the economic benefits for the examined community are relatively small. However, a notable increase in these benefits is observed when the community is incentivized to share energy among members in the form of a flat network charge reduction for shared energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer-learned models have achieved promising performance in numerous fields. However, high-performing transfer-learned models contain a large number of parameters. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning approach with parameter reduction and potential high performance. Although the high performance depends on the nature of the dataset, we ensure the parameter reduction. In the proposed SpinalNet shared parameters, all intermediate-split-incoming parameters except the first-intermediate-split contain a shared value. Therefore, the SpinalNet shared parameters network contains three parameter groups: (1) first input-split to intermediate-split parameters, (2) shared intermediate-split-incoming parameters, and (3) intermediate-split-to-output-split parameters. The total number of parameters becomes lower than the SpinalNet and traditional fully connected layers due to parameter sharing. Besides the overall accuracy, this paper compares the precision, recall, and F1-score of each class as performance criteria. As a result, both parameter reduction and potential performance improvement become possible for the ResNet-type models, VGG-type traditional models, and Vision Transformers. We applied the proposed model to MNIST, STL-10, and COVID-19 datasets to validate our claims. We also provided a posterior plot of the sample from different models for medical practitioners to understand the uncertainty. Example model training scripts of the proposed model are also shared to GitHub. • Proposed a transfer learning model with an optimal size-performance trade-off. • Reduced the number of parameters in the fully connected or the head layer. • Achieved both parameter reduction and improved performance for several combinations. • Provided an example NN training script at: www.github.com/dipuk0506/SpinalNet/. • Proposed a posterior plot for a closer understanding of the level of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Key areas to be evaluated for the application of borrowing are an understanding of the disease groups being studied, the drug mechanism of action, and the measurement that will be borrowed. • Our framework puts each of these domains on a four-category ordered scale indicating the ability to justify applying borrowing. • Scoring of these domains considers them all to be equally important, and the overall evaluation will be dominated by the lowest score across domains. Drug development has historically relied on phase I–III clinical trials including participants sharing the same disease. However, drug development has evolved as the discovery of mechanistic drivers of disease demonstrated that the same therapeutic target may provide benefits across different diseases. A basket trial condenses evaluation of one therapy among multiple related diseases into a single trial and presents an opportunity to borrow information across them rather than viewing each in isolation. Borrowing is a statistical tool but requires a foundation of clinical and therapeutic mechanistic justification. We review the Bayesian borrowing approach, including its assumptions, and provide a framework for how this approach can be evaluated for successful use in a basket trial for drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of geographic simulation methods in recent decades, a great deal of resources have accumulated to support their implementation. These resources can be divided into model resources for analyzing or predicting geographic phenomena or processes, data resources for representing the characteristics of real or simulated environment, and computing resources for supporting simulation tasks. These resources are characterized by geospatial distribution and are difficult to discover and reuse. OpenGMS has carried out a series of fundamental research to sharing and collaborating distributed resources on the web. On this basis, this paper presents the concept of the OpenGMS open portal. The portal adopts FAIR principles and supports resources sharing and reuse to facilitate collaboration and exchange between resource contributors and users. This paper takes applications of the portal in resource sharing and reuse case and online training courses as examples to illustrate how the portal can bridge contributors and users of resources. • The portal adopts FAIR principles and is integrated into OpenGMS platform. • The functional design for resource contributors and users is presented. • The portal attracts many users and amasses lots of geographic simulation resources. • The portal assists in model sharing and reuse among researchers in cyberspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a generalized explicit expression of multi-rollers statics, which includes the multi-rollers load sharing (MLS) and thread-pairs load distribution (TLD). The comprehensive contact stiffness of PRSM is calculated and affirmed by the static stiffness experiment. The contact characteristics and axial clearances of thread pairs with eccentric errors (EE) and roller nominal diameter error (RNDE) are analyzed. Furthermore, based on the measured errors of PRSM, the variation laws of MLS with the errors are investigated. The combined effects of RNDE, EE of screw and nut on the MLS are discussed. This study can offer the theoretical guidance for the uniform load design of PRSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land policy making is a complex systemic process in which new policies emerge and are nonlinearly transferred. However, challenges remain, as the recent policy diffusion literature cannot match policy making to complex adaptive systems. This study elucidates the conjunctural causal mechanisms of local policy innovation and diffusion in China. To analyze the differences in China's land reform, a theoretical framework is established that includes four key conditions—incentive rules, local context, vertical governmental coercion and interregional diffusion—as well as three analytical principles, namely, nonlinearity, conjunction and intersection. Then, an archetype analysis based on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method is conducted on 119 city governments that implemented land retention policies during the period of 2000–2019. The results systematically associate local policy action with five theory-based archetypes, each with its own narrative expression ("risk aversion", "reform pilot", "political learning", "induced competition", and "social evolution"). This article reveals that 1) China's administrative institutional structure shapes the reform motivation of local governments and their interaction with the central government, and the performance evaluation system for officials plays a key role in this dynamic; 2) local contexts can limit or amplify coercive and learning mechanisms, and policy knowledge can impede diffusion under certain conditions; and 3) the combination of archetypes occurs at three levels: theoretical mechanisms, conditional elements, and factor combinations. Overall, the study shows how multilevel factor interactions influence the decision-making process for China's land reform. These findings can serve as useful references for conjunctural causation research on policy innovation and diffusion in China and assist local decision makers in other countries in transition in developing sustainable land policies. • Land policy making is conceptualized as a complex process in socio-ecological system. • Positive promotion incentive contributes to policy innovation and diffusion. • Absence of central government enhances the reform incentive of local governments. • High-level spatial proximity hinders policy diffusion under specific situation. • Combinations of policy elements at different scales produce conjunctural result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since a renewable energy is connected to a high-altitude integrated energy system (HAIES), challenges arise for system operation. Shared energy storage as a jointly operated energy hub for multi-integrated energy system (IES) can effectively improve the economy and flexibility of the system. This paper proposes a joint day-ahead and intra-day scheduling strategy for a HAIES considering a shared composite energy storage operator (SCESO) and profit clearing scheme. First, a HAIES structure suitable for residential, industrial, and commercial applications is built based on combined oxygen supply and integrated demand response (IDR). An SCESO is then proposed to provide multiple energy sharing services for HAIES cluster, including electricity–oxygen–hydrogen. Accordingly, HAIESs and SCESOs are aggregated to create a HAIES cluster energy sharing framework. Second, during the intra-day scheduling stage, which is based on real-time forecast data that considers multiple source–load–charge uncertainties, the flexible adjustment capabilities of each unit of the framework are used to achieve intra-day energy balance and ensure the safe operation of the framework. Furthermore, a profit clearing scheme is proposed, introducing different energy contribution quantification methods for different energy cooperation modes. Finally, day-ahead and intra-day simulation results under multiple scenarios are analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate that the framework is optimal in terms of economy, adaptability to different RE outputs and RE uncertainties, and energy storage utilization efficiency. • It proposes a new HAIES and SCESO energy cooperation framework. • An intra-day scheduling strategy for the framework is proposed. • A profit clearing scheme is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A model of load sharing, transmission error and mesh stiffness for internal gears is presented. • Influence of profile modification is considered. • Transition from low to high contact ratio due to load-induced deflections is studied. • Optimal modification for balanced bending/pitting load capacity is proposed. • Length of modification for minimum amplitude of transmission error is obtained. The influence of the teeth geometry on the load distribution, transmission error, and meshing stiffness of internal spur gears is very similar to that of external gears. Therefore, the formulation of the models for strength and dynamic calculations for internal and external gears is also similar. However, the internal gears have usually greater values of the contact ratio, frequently above 1.8, even 1.9. In these cases, the lengthening of the contact interval due to the elastic deflections of the teeth may result in an effective contact ratio greater than 2, with the subsequent changes in the load sharing and transmission error. These changes are not properly described by the theoretical models for high contact ratio spur gears. In this paper, a model of load sharing, quasi-static transmission error, and time-varying meshing stiffness for internal spur gears with profile modification is presented, which has been applied to low contact ratio internal gears which, due to the transmitted load, become high contact ratio internal gears. The influence of the variations of the transmitted load on the load capacity is also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioma segmentation is a crucial task for accurate quantitative analysis, precise diagnosis and effective treatment. However, the challenge remains in simultaneously locating multiple sub-regions within the tumor from multi-sequence MRI images, as they exhibit heterogeneous appearance, shape, diverse sizes, locations, and different intensities. The mainstream approach currently used is to use a single network to simultaneously perform segmentation of gliomas and their internal regions. However, this approach overlooks the differences between segmentation tasks, leading to the shared use of all intermediate features for all tasks. The effectiveness of certain features for a specific task relies on the learning of network parameters, lacking structural division. As a result, the overall performance of joint image segmentation is compromised. To address this issue, a multi-task parallel with feature sharing integrated 3D U-Nets is proposed, which employs three sub-networks to identify three sub-regions of the tumor. Each sub-network is dedicated to identifying a specific sub-region of the tumor, thus dividing various types of features required by different tasks into different sub-networks, and avoiding mutual interference between tasks. The sub-networks incorporate special feature sharing pathways in the encoder, allowing them to capture the spatial inclusion relationship and intensity continuity among the sub-regions. Furthermore, a compound loss function is defined, as a weighted sum of a Dice loss and a cross entropy loss to achieve a tradeoff between alleviating class imbalance and promoting training smoothness. Ablation studies have shown the effectiveness of parallel structure and feature sharing pathways in the proposed method. Experimental results and comparisons on quantitative and qualitative evaluation demonstrate the proposed method is superior to classical and state-of-the-art methods. On the BraTS 2021 dataset, the proposed method achieves the combined optimization of segmentation performance, such as the average Dice, PPV, Sensitivity, and HD95 over multiple regions achieves the best of 0.908, 0.923, 0.931, 3.312. • Segmenting three inclusive tumor regions: whole, core, and enhancing. • Multi-Task parallel 3D U-Nets improves joint segmentation. • Feature sharing pathways enable information exchange among tasks. • Multi-sequence MRI fusion enhances segmentation accuracy. • Compound loss alleviates class imbalance and improves training stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking a service-dominant logic, the sharing accommodation business model consists of two forms of value cocreation: experience cocreation during the accommodation service and peer engagement behaviors after its end. Experience cocreation based on peer-to-peer interactions (P2P interactions) is the key to unlocking the competitive advantage of sharing accommodation. However, the understanding of P2P interactions and how they influence peer engagement behaviors is still limited. We systematically deconstruct P2P interactions and explore their impact on peer engagement behaviors using a dataset of 13217 reviews, a correlated topic model analysis method, and a linear mixed-effects model. Our results show that interpersonal interactions (relationship-oriented social interactions and transaction-oriented functional interactions) have a stronger positive effect on peer engagement behaviors than the physical environment. Social interactions and the physical environment have substitution effects on the impact of peer engagement behaviors. Furthermore, offline interactions positively moderate the impact of P2P interpersonal interactions on peer engagement behaviors. • We verify the causal link between experience cocreation and peer engagement behaviors. • Social interactions and physical environments have substitution effects on peer engagement behaviors. • Offline interactions positively moderate the impact of P2P interpersonal interactions on peer engagement behaviors. • We provide methodological contributions on leveraging unstructured text to analyze P2P interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars are calling for more studies on short and long-term well-being outcomes of festival tourism, especially in different cultural settings. This interdisciplinary study applies Seligman's PERMA model to two food festivals in Italy and England. Findings illustrate how food festivals foster visitors' well-being and reveal which PERMA domains provide the greatest impact for participants. The theoretical contribution is the creation of a new conceptual framework of festival tourism well-being outcomes. The framework expands the PERMA model and shows the different pathways and factors that can help promote well-being. This is informed by the empirical contribution, which is the application of PERMA in a relatively new context of study: food festival tourism. • Food festivals can promote well-being and be therapeutic. • Food festival tourism mainly impacts PERMA's positive emotions and relationships. • PERMA components are interrelated and influence each other at food festivals. • Well-being is shared and transmitted during and after festival participation. • Food festival tourism PERMA outcomes are short- and long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Funding information is one of the pillars of the research information ecosystem. Despite this, it is still very challenging to associate scientific outputs to all the entities that financially support a project and all the stakeholders involved. To tackle such limitation, PTCRIS-a national integrated research information management ecosystem-developed a new infrastructure to support the management of funding attributed to the scientific triad in the Portuguese scientific ecosystem: organizations, people and projects. The SciPROJ database is the new national database that aggregates funding records (national and international) that support science and technology activities carried out in Portugal. The SciPROJ data comes mostly from third-party systems, namely the funding entities issuing the records. Aligned with the best practices, the metadata at SciPROJ is recorded using the CERIF data model. The data profile for sharing SciPROJ's information follows OpenAIRE guidelines. A REST API service has been developed to support sharing and reuse of SciPROJ's information. Regardless of other uses, SciPROJ is currently integrated with the national curriculum management system-CIÊNCIAVITAE-for the automatic import of funding-and with Dimensions, a platform that offers services based on research information integration. Furthermore, it is currently undergoing SciPROJ's integration with OpenAIRE infrastructure, Clarivate and HEI CRIS systems, thereby, consolidating the purpose of promoting sharing and reuse of data. Besides contributing to interoperability, SciPROJ will also be the basis of added value services, such as, services to monitor compliance with Open Access policies, discovery services (Research Portal) and a business intelligence system that aims to support decision and strategic planning in the context of scientific research information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science outreach is key to closing the gap between science and society. However, it often fails to reach those who feel excluded from science or are dismissive of it. By sharing our experience at Native Scientist, we demonstrate how outreach activities can help improve equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a developmental task for learning phases of the Moon, students are sometimes given the opportunity to study the phases of the Earth from the perspective on the Moon as well as Moon phases from the perspective on the Earth. We proposed a cognitive model of understanding of Moon phases, and we developed an active learning environment in which two students work in pairs: one playing the role of the Moon and the other playing the role of the Earth. We used a technology by which two people can share the same AR space. We verified the effect of the learning environment by an evaluation test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• I examine how other-regarding preferences aggregate in a free-form bargaining experiment. • I find that bargainers retain equal payoffs when they transfer payoffs to third subjects. • The same subjects vary the transfers to third subjects considerably depending on their bargaining partner. • The formal analysis can link the results to the individual preferences of the bargainers. • Assuming pairwise inequality aversion explains 80% of the variance of the bargaining agreements. Other-regarding preferences are powerful drivers of human behavior, leading individuals to forgo their own economic gains to share with others. However, when subjects with different levels of other-regarding concern bargain about how to distribute payoffs, it is unclear whether joint bargaining decisions reflect their individual preferences. In this free-form bargaining experiment, I examine how other-regarding preferences of two subjects interact and influence negotiated distribution decisions when they allocate payoffs between themselves and a powerless third subject. The data reveals that fairness between the bargainers is more important than fairness towards the third subject; bargainers only allocate payoff shares to third subjects if the other bargainer is willing to allocate the same amount, even if their other-regarding preferences differ strongly from each other when revealed individually. Through the formal analysis, I can link the results to the other-regarding preferences elicited individually and, thereby, provide new insights into the interaction of other-regarding preferences in joint decision-making environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the river sharing problem with incomplete information. We ask whether the efficient allocation of water in a river network is possible when agents have private information on their satiation levels. First, we introduce a trading model on a tree network with incomplete information. Then, we focus on the river sharing problem for a three-agent river network in which water flows from two upstream agents to one downstream agent. We assume that each agent has a satiation point and this satiation point is his private information. We are interested in allocation mechanisms that map each profile of the satiation points to an allocation of water and a list of monetary transfers between the agents. We show that, if each upstream agent's endowment of water is sufficiently larger than the downstream agent's endowment, then there exists an incentive compatible, individually rational, and budget balanced mechanism that allocates the water efficiently. • We consider the river sharing problem in which agents' satiation levels are private information. • We focus on a nonlinear river network with two upstream agents and one downstream agent. • We employ the theory of mechanism design to investigate the existence of efficient trading mechanisms for sharing water. • We find a sufficient condition based on water endowments for efficient trading mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last half century, anthropologists have vigorously debated the adaptive motivations underlying food acquisition choices and food-sharing among hunter-gatherer groups. Numerous explanations have been proposed to account for high-levels of generosity in food-sharing, including self- and family-provisioning, reciprocity, tolerated theft and pro-social- or skill-signaling. However, few studies have asked foragers directly and systematically about the motivations underlying their foraging and sharing decisions. We recruited 110 Hadza participants and employed a combination of free-response, yes/no, ranking and forced-choice questions to do just this. In free-response answers, respondents typically gave outcome-oriented accounts of foraging motive (e.g., to get food) and moralistic accounts of sharing motive (e.g., I have a good heart). In ranking tasks, participants gave precedence to reciprocity as a motive for sharing food beyond the household. We found small but clear gender differences in foraging motive, in line with previous predictions: women were more likely than men to rank family-provisioning highly whereas men were more likely than women to rank skill-signaling highly. However, despite these gender differences, the relative importance of different motivations was similar across genders and skill-signaling, sharing and family-provisioning were the most important motivators of foraging activity for both men and women. Contrary to the expectations of tolerated theft, peer complaints and requests for food ranked very low. There are several compelling reasons that evolutionary thinkers, typically interested in ultimate-level adaptive processes, have traditionally eschewed direct and explicit investigations of motive. However, these data may yet provide important insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning inference, providing the model utilization of deep learning, is usually deployed as a cloud-based framework for the resource-constrained client. However, the existing cloud-based frameworks suffer from severe information leakage or lead to significant increase of communication cost. In this work, we address the problem of privacy-preserving deep learning inference in a way that both the privacy of the input data and the model parameters can be protected with low communication and computational costs. Additionally, the user can verify the correctness of results with small overhead, which is very important for critical application. Specifically, by designing secure sub-protocols, we introduce a new layer to collaboratively perform the secure computations involved in the inference. With the cooperation of the secret sharing, we inject the verifiable data into the input, enabling us to check the correctness of the returned inference results. Theoretical analyses and extensive experimental results over MNIST and CIFAR10 datasets are provided to validate the superiority of our proposed privacy-preserving and verifiable deep learning inference (PVDLI) framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Young children can understand relations in division problems. • Sharing supports the development of division knowledge, but they are not sufficient. • The inverse relation in division is difficult to understand in early childhood. • Children grasp the inverse relation better in partitive than quotitive situations. • Working memory has independent contributions to children's knowledge of division. This study examined the longitudinal development of young children's informal understanding of division through fair sharing. Two hundred and twelve children were followed from the age of 4.5–5.5 over three waves of assessment. Division understanding was measured with different types of problems (same- versus different-divisor trials) presented with different situations (partitive vs quotitve). Several key findings emerged. First, different-divisor problems were significantly more difficult than same-divisor problems at all age levels, which suggests that tasks that demand children's understanding of the inverse relation between divisor and quotient are more difficult than tasks that demand the understanding of equivalence principle. Second, children found it easier to understand the inverse relation between divisor and quotient in the context of partitive than quotitive situation. Third, with age, there was a sharper improvement in solving different-divisor problems than same-divisor problems, whereas the progress was more prominent for different-divisor problems presented in partitive situations, compared with other problems. Finally, working memory made the most consistent and unique contribution to solving all kinds of division problems at all age levels, compared with other cognitive factors. Theoretical and practical implications in early childhood mathematics education are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our schemes introduce the XTR public key system into VMSS schemes firstly. • Our schemes can realize G F (p 6) security by computations in G F (p 2). • By trace function, our schemes achieve the same security level with shorter key size. • Our schemes have good properties in key generation. • Our schemes are dynamic and threshold changeable. Secret sharing was proposed primarily in 1979 to solve the problem of key distribution. In recent decades, researchers have proposed many improvement schemes. Among all these schemes, verifiable multi-secret sharing (VMSS) schemes are studied sufficiently, which share multiple secrets simultaneously and perceive malicious dealer as well as participants. By pointing out that the schemes presented by Dehkordi and Mashhadi in 2008 cannot detect some vicious behaviors of the dealer, we propose two new VMSS schemes by adding new validity check in the verification phase to overcome this drawback. Our new schemes are based on XTR public key system, and can realize G F (p 6) security by computations in G F (p 2) without explicit constructions of G F (p 6) , where p is a prime. Compared with the VMSS schemes using RSA and linear feedback shift register (LFSR) public key cryptosystems, we can achieve the same security level with shorter parameters by using trace function. What's more, our schemes are much simpler to operate than those schemes based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). In addition, our two schemes are dynamic and threshold changeable, which means that it is efficient to implement our schemes when participants, secrets or the threshold needs to be changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet of Things(IoT) based systems and applications are nowadays being enabled by paradigm of edge or fog computing. Central authority controlling the system formulates the policy about which fog device will get data from which IoT device/s. As fog devices have attributes like physical location, storage capacity, computing capability etc, attribute based access policy can be enforced on each IoT data. Ciphertext Policy – Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is a method to implement the access policies. However, number of access trees becomes equal to the number of access policies. In this paper, hierarchy present in attribute sets of access policies has been exploited to obtain single integrated access policy. A content sharing protocol named Hierarchical Efficient Encryption at Edge (HE3) is worked out to implement the concept. The proposed protocol is demonstrated to be highly efficient in terms of encryption and decryption time as compared to existing approaches. A formal security proof is provided to establish strength of encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major problems of Visual Secret Sharing (VSS) are the pixel expansion and lossy recovery. The former creates large-sized shared images and makes their handling, storage, and speed transmission via networks challenging, whereas the latter leads to poor contrast of the recovered images. In addition, sharing a huge volume of images and transmitting the shared images through one less channel is a critical problem of VSS where any unauthenticated user can attack, discover the generated shares, and recover the secret image. In this paper, an efficient TKHC algorithm is proposed to augment the privacy and safety of the shared images. Moreover, the new TKHC-based VSS scheme is utilized to sharing a huge RGB and grayscale images which are subjected to be encrypted and decrypted by means of TKHC and providing strong security to transmit all the generated shares via one public channel. In comparison to the existing schemes, the proposed scheme shows significant improvement in encryption quality with lightweight computation cost. Furthermore, it withstands the known-plaintext and brute-force attacks and overall creates a balance between security, cost, and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]