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Purpose The transition from three-dimensional conformal therapy (3DCRT) to intensity modulated (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) requires implementation of complex advanced dosimetry, fully commissioned treatment planning system (TPS), machine and other equipment and skills of employees. IMRT/VMAT is implemented in our clinic one year ago. Methods Twenty-one gynecological patient treated in our clinic was selected for the study. Patients were planned for 3D CRT, but due to unacceptable doses to organs at risk (QUANTEC), treatment plans for IMRT or VMAT were generated, and dosimetrically verified before treatment delivery. The TPS used was Monaco 5.11 (Elekta) with Monte Carlo (VMAT) and Collapsed Cone (3DCRT) algorithm.The treatments were delivered by Versa HD (Elekta, Crawley, UK) using 10 MV (VMAT) and 15MV (3DCRT). The patients were prescribed 50.4 Gy/28 fractions (4) and 45 Gy/25 fractions (17 patients). The coverage of PTV and doses to organs at risk were recorded, both for VMAT/IMRT treatment and 3DCRT. Results Coverage PTV: The ICRU 83 criteria for PTV coverage were fulfilled in all 3DCRT/VMAT/IMRT plans. Doses to OARS: in average, the V45 in small bowel in IMRT/VMAT plans was approximately 6 times smaller than the same of 3DCRT plans. The V45 of small bowels was in average 45cm3 in IMRT/VMAT plans, while in 3DCRT plans it was 233 cm3. In case of femoral head, significant reduction in V30 (9.8 % vs. 33.1%) and mean dose in case of IMRT/VMAT plans. Rectum was planned with significantly less dose in terms of V30 (79.5% vs 95.2%) in IMRT/VMAT plans. Bladder was better spared in VMAT plans in terms of V40 (51% vs. 91%), but maximum dose was higher in VMAT plans than in 3DCRT (50.1 Gy to 48.1 Gy in average). Homogeneity index was in average 0.11 for VMAT plans and 0.09 for 3DCRT plans. Conclusion Both 3DCRT and IMRT/VMAT provided good coverage of PTV, but analysis of dosimetric data revealed significant differences in normal tissue doses. The advanced treatment planning, evaluation, dosimetric evaluation and delivery is far more complex than the same for 3DCRT,but patient benefit (OAR sparing) confirms necessity for implementation of advanced techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]