126 results on '"Rosner, Bernard"'
Search Results
2. Long-term Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Exfoliation Glaucoma or Glaucoma Suspect Status among United States Health Professionals.
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Hanyuda, Akiko, Rosner, Bernard A., Wiggs, Janey L., Negishi, Kazuno, Pasquale, Louis R., and Kang, Jae H.
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ALCOHOL drinking , *MEDICAL personnel , *EXFOLIATION syndrome , *ALCOHOLIC beverages , *PROPORTIONAL hazards models , *GLAUCOMA - Abstract
To assess the association between intakes of total alcohol and individual alcoholic beverages and the incidence of exfoliation glaucoma/glaucoma suspect (XFG/XFGS) status. Prospective cohort study. A total of 195 408 participants in the Nurses' Health Study (1980–2018), the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2018), and the Nurses' Health Study II (1991–2019) were followed biennially. Eligible participants at each 2-year risk period were ≧ 40 years and free of XFG/XFGS status with available data on diet and ophthalmic examination findings. Cumulatively averaged total (primary exposure) and individual alcoholic beverage (beer, wine, and liquor) intakes from validated dietary information every 2-4 years. Confirmed incident XFG/XFGS status using medical records. We used per-eye Cox proportional hazards models, accounting for intereye correlations, to estimate multivariate-adjusted relative risks (MVRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 6 877 823 eye-years of follow-up, 705 eyes with XFG/XFGS status were documented. Greater total alcohol consumption was associated significantly with higher XFG/XFGS status risk: the MVRR for XFG/XFGS status for cumulatively averaged alcohol consumption of ≧15 g/day or more versus nondrinking was 1.55 (95% CI, 1.17–2.07; P = 0.02 for trend). Long- and short-term alcohol intake was associated significantly with XFG/XFGS status risk, with the strongest associations with cumulatively averaged alcohol intake as of 4 years before diagnosis (MVRR ≥ 15 g/day vs. nondrinking, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.25–2.18; P = 0.002 for trend). Compared with nondrinkers, consuming ≧ 3.6 drinks of beer, wine, or liquor per week was associated with the following MVRRs for XFG/XFGS status: 1.26 (95% CI, 0.89–1.77; P = 0.40 for trend), 1.30 (95% CI, 1.00–1.68; P = 0.15 for trend), and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.15–1.85; P = 0.01 for trend), respectively. We did not observe interactions by age, latitude, residential tier, or intakes of folate or vitamin A (P > 0.40 for interaction); however, the association between alcohol and XFG/XFGS status was suggestively stronger for those without a family history of glaucoma (P = 0.10 for interaction). Long-term alcohol consumption was associated with a higher risk of XFG/XFGS status. Our findings provide further clues regarding the XFG/XFGS etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Insulinemic potential of diet and risk of total and subtypes of breast cancer among US females.
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Romanos-Nanclares, Andrea, Tabung, Fred K, Willett, Walter C, Rosner, Bernard, Holmes, Michelle D, Chen, Wendy Y, Tamimi, Rulla M, and Eliassen, A Heather
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BREAST tumor risk factors ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ONCOGENES ,HYPERINSULINISM ,DISEASE incidence ,RISK assessment ,ESTROGEN receptors ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,LONGITUDINAL method ,INSULIN resistance ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play important roles in the progression of multiple chronic disease and conditions. Diet modulates insulin response; however, evidence is limited regarding whether diets with higher insulinemic potential increase the risk of invasive breast cancer. Objectives We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between a food-based empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and the incidence of invasive breast cancer. Methods We prospectively followed 76,686 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984–2016) and 93,287 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII; 1991–2017). Diet was assessed by food-frequency questionnaires every 4 y. The insulinemic potential of diet was evaluated using the previously established EDIH based on circulating C-peptide concentrations. Higher scores indicate higher insulinemic potential of the diet. Covariates included reproductive, hormonal, and anthropometric factors (height and BMI at age 18 y); race; socioeconomic status; total alcohol intake; total caloric intake; and physical activity. Results During 4,216,106 person-years of follow-up, we documented 10,602 breast cancer cases (6689 NHS, 3913 NHSII). In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, women in the highest, compared with the lowest, EDIH quintile (Q) were at higher breast cancer risk (HR
Q5 vs. Q1 = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.24; P -trend < 0.01). Although heterogeneity by estrogen receptor (ER) status was nonsignificant, the strongest association between EDIH and breast cancer was observed for ER-negative tumors (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.46; P -trend = 0.02). Among tumor molecular subtypes, the strongest associations were observed for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–enriched tumors (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.61; P -trend = 0.02). Conclusions A dietary pattern contributing to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance was associated with greater breast cancer risk, especially ER-negative and HER2-enriched tumors. Our findings suggest that dietary modifications to reduce insulinemic potential may reduce the risk of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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4. Pre-pregnancy fat intake in relation to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Arvizu, Mariel, Minguez-Alarcon, Lidia, Wang, Siwen, Mitsunami, Makiko, Stuart, Jennifer J, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Rosner, Bernard, and Chavarro, Jorge E
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HYPERTENSION in pregnancy ,RELATIVE medical risk ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,SELF-evaluation ,REGRESSION analysis ,RISK assessment ,PREECLAMPSIA ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,OMEGA-3 fatty acids ,DIETARY fats ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background Many studies have linked intakes of fat and of specific fatty acids during pregnancy with preeclampsia; however, information on the association of intake before pregnancy with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is scant. Objectives We evaluated the associations of intakes of major and specific types of fat before pregnancy with the risks of HDP, including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GHTN). Methods We followed 11,535 women without chronic disease participating in the Nurses' Health Study II from 1991 and 2009. Pre-pregnancy dietary fat was assessed by an FFQ. Intakes of total fat, saturated fat, trans fatty acid (TFA), MUFAs, PUFAs, and fat subtypes (omega-3 and omega-6) were categorized into quintiles of intake. HDP were self-reported. The RRs (95% CIs) of HDP were estimated by log-binomial generalized estimating equation regression models, with an exchangeable correlation matrix to account for repeated pregnancies while adjusting for potential confounders. Results During 19 years of follow-up, there were 495 cases of preeclampsia (2.9%) and 561 (3.3%) cases of GHTN in 16,892 singleton pregnancies. The mean age at pregnancy was 34.6 years (SD, 3.9 years). Among major fat types, only pre-pregnancy TFA was related to a higher risk of HDP (RR, 1.32; 95% CI: 1.05–1.66), and only for preeclampsia (RR, 1.50; 95% CI: 1.07–2.10) but not for GHTN (RR, 1.21; 95% CI: 0.87–1.70). Among specific types of PUFAs, intake of arachidonic acid was positively related with GHTN (RR, 1.43; 95% CI: 1.00–2.04) but not preeclampsia (RR, 1.08; 95% CI: 0.75–1.57). In analyses restricted to pregnancies 1 year after the diet assessment, women with the highest intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids had a 31% lower risk of HDP (95% CI: 3%–51%), which was driven by preeclampsia (RR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.33–0.92). Conclusions Pre-pregnancy intakes of total fat, saturated fat, and MUFA were unrelated to HDP, whereas TFA was positively related to HDP. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing efforts to eliminate TFA from the global food supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. Dietary quality and risk of heart failure in men.
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Gu, Xiao, Wang, Dong D, Fung, Teresa T, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Djoussé, Luc, Rosner, Bernard, Sacks, Frank M, and Willett, Walter C
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HEART failure risk factors ,MEN'S health ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DIET ,ACQUISITION of data ,RISK assessment ,MEDICAL records ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FOOD quality ,STROKE volume (Cardiac output) ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models - Abstract
Background Due to the increasing disease burden, strategies to predict and prevent heart failure (HF) are urgently needed. Objective We aimed to investigate whether the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the clinically abbreviated Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) are associated with the risk of overall HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods Our study included 44,525 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) who were free from cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. The AHEI and PDQS were computed based on dietary data repeatedly measured using semiquantitative FFQs. HF, HFpEF, and HFrEF were adjudicated based on review of medical records through 2008. Associations of diet quality with incident HF were estimated with multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results During 929,911 person-years of follow-up, 803 HF cases were documented, including 184 with HFpEF and 181 with HFrEF among those with ejection fraction (EF) data. Adjusting for potential confounders, we did not observe a significant association between the AHEI and overall HF (HR
per SD : 0.96; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.04; P -trend = 0.57) or between the PDQS and overall HF (HRper SD : 0.98; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.06; P -trend = 0.82). Both dietary indices were not significantly associated with HFpEF. However, a higher AHEI was associated with lower risk of HFrEF upon comparison of the extreme quintiles (HRper SD : 0.81; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.96; P -trend = 0.02). Every SD increment in the PDQS was associated with 20% lower risk of HFrEF (HRper SD : 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.95; P -quadratic = 0.03). Conclusions A healthy overall diet was associated with lower risk of HFrEF, and associations were similar with the AHEI and PDQS. We did not observe a significant association between dietary indices and either overall HF or HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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6. Dietary and Supplemental Vitamin C Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer: Results from the Nurses' Health Studies.
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Cadeau, Claire, Farvid, Maryam S, Rosner, Bernard A, Willett, Walter C, and Eliassen, A Heather
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VITAMIN C ,DISEASE risk factors ,BREAST cancer ,DIETARY supplements ,MENOPAUSE ,ESTROGEN receptors ,NURSES ,POSTMENOPAUSE ,VITAMINS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,BREAST tumors ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Some previous studies suggested that high supplemental vitamin C intake may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, although evidence is inconsistent.Objectives: Our objective was to study the association between vitamin C intake and breast cancer risks using regularly updated assessments of intake over a long follow-up.Methods: We prospectively followed 88,041 women aged 33 to 60 years from the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2014) and 93,372 women aged 26 to 45 years from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2013). A total of 11,258 incident invasive breast cancers among 181,413 women were diagnosed. Data on vitamin C intake were collected every 2-4 years via a validated FFQ and specific questions on dietary supplement use. Multivariate HRs and 95% CIs for incident invasive breast cancer were estimated with Cox models.Results: During follow-up, 82% of participants ever used supplements containing vitamin C, including multivitamins. Cumulative total vitamin C intake (HR for quintiles 5 compared with 1 = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91-1.03; Ptrend = 0.81), dietary vitamin C intake (HR for quintiles 5 compared with 1 = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.92-1.04; Ptrend = 0.57), and supplemental vitamin C intake (HR for quintiles 5 compared with 1 in users = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94-1.09; Ptrend = 0.77) were not associated with breast cancer risks. Results were unchanged when different exposure latencies were considered. The results did not differ by menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone therapy use, or BMI. No differences were observed by estrogen receptor status of the tumor.Conclusions: Our results do not support any important association between total, dietary, or supplemental vitamin C intake and breast cancer risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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7. Reproducibility and validity of diet quality scores derived from food-frequency questionnaires.
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Yue, Yiyang, Yuan, Changzheng, Wang, Dong D, Wang, Molin, Song, Mingyang, Shan, Zhilei, Hu, Frank, Rosner, Bernard, Smith-Warner, Stephanie A, and Willett, Walter C
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STATISTICS ,BIOMARKERS ,RESEARCH evaluation ,DIET ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,INTRACLASS correlation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FOOD quality ,DATA analysis ,FATTY acids ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Background Diet quality scores (DQSs) are frequently used to study diet–disease relations but the validity of these scores derived from FFQs has rarely been evaluated. Objectives To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of 6 commonly used DQSs derived from the FFQ, including the Alternate Healthy Eating Index–2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Trial score, alternative Mediterranean diet score, and 3 plant-based diet indices (overall, healthful, and unhealthful). Methods This analysis included 1394 participants from the Men's Lifestyle Validation Study (N = 652) and the Women's Lifestyle Validation Study (N = 742). Participants completed a 152-item FFQ at the beginning of the study and 1 y later, as well as completed 2 weighed 7-d dietary records (7DDRs) and donated 2 blood samples 6 mo apart between FFQ assessments. The reproducibility of the FFQs was evaluated by rank intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The validity was assessed by comparing FFQ-derived DQSs with those from the average of two 7DDRs using Spearman rank correlation coefficients deattenuated for random measurement error in the 7DDRs (r
s ). Furthermore, we calculated the correlations between DQSs and plasma biomarkers of diet, including fatty acids, folate, carotenoids, retinol, and α- and γ-tocopherol. Results Six FFQ-derived DQSs demonstrated moderate to high reproducibility (energy-adjusted ICCs: 0.61–0.84) and validity (energy-adjusted, deattenuated rs = 0.56–0.80) in both men and women. We consistently observed expected correlations between FFQ-derived DQSs with plasma fatty acids, including long-chain n–3 (ω-3) and trans fatty acids, most carotenoids, and γ-tocopherol (rs > 0.2). Conclusions Our study demonstrates the validity of the FFQ to evaluate overall diet quality using 6 commonly used DQSs. In addition, these DQSs have qualitatively demonstrated biological relevance, as indicated by their correlations with circulating biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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8. Mo1952 INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY IN RESPONSE TO A WEIGHT-LOSS DIETARY INTERVENTION: ANALYSIS OF THE POUNDS LOST TRIAL.
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Guo, Qi, Bever, Alaina M., Fang, Zhe, Lu, Yujia, Rosner, Bernard, Bray, George, Sacks, Frank, and Song, Mingyang
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- 2024
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9. Long-term dietary protein intake and subjective cognitive decline in US men and women.
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Yeh, Tian-Shin, Yuan, Changzheng, Ascherio, Alberto, Rosner, Bernard A, Blacker, Deborah, and Willett, Walter C
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WOMEN'S health ,MEN'S health ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,POULTRY ,LEGUMES ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,INGESTION ,REGRESSION analysis ,CARBOHYDRATE content of food ,FOOD animals ,PLANT proteins ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,FISHES ,COGNITIVE testing ,ODDS ratio ,DIETARY proteins ,POISSON distribution - Abstract
Background Diet is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. However, studies on dietary protein intake and cognitive decline have remained limited and inconclusive. Objectives In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between long-term dietary protein intake and subsequent subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods We included 49,493 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1984–2006) and 27,842 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) (1986–2002). For the NHS, average dietary intake was calculated from 7 repeated semi-quantitative FFQs (SFFQs), and SCD was assessed in 2012 and 2014. For the HPFS, average dietary intake was calculated from 5 repeated SFFQs, and SCD was assessed in 2008 and 2012. Poisson regression was used to examine the associations between dietary protein, amino acids, and various protein food sources with subsequent SCD. Results Higher protein intake compared with total carbohydrates was associated with lower odds of SCD. When substituting 5% energy from protein for the equivalent percentage of energy from total carbohydrates, the pooled multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) were 0.89 (0.85, 0.94) for total protein, 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) for animal protein, and 0.74 (0.62, 0.88) for plant protein. When substituting 5% of energy from animal protein with plant protein, the OR was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.97). For protein food sources, higher intakes of beans/legumes, fish, and lean poultry were significantly associated with lower odds of SCD, but higher intake of hotdogs was associated with higher odds of SCD. Conclusions Higher protein intake was associated with lower odds of SCD when compared isocalorically with carbohydrate. Plant protein sources were also associated with lower odds when compared with animal protein sources. Our findings suggest that adequate protein intake, and choices of protein sources could play a role in the maintenance of cognition and should be studied further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Association of nut consumption with risk of total cancer and 5 specific cancers: evidence from 3 large prospective cohort studies.
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Fang, Zhe, Wu, You, Li, Yanping, Zhang, Xuehong, Willett, Walter C, Eliassen, A Heather, Rosner, Bernard, Song, Mingyang, Mucci, Lorelei A, and Giovannucci, Edward L
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TUMOR risk factors ,BREAST tumor risk factors ,BLADDER tumors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,WALNUT ,INGESTION ,LUNG tumors ,COLORECTAL cancer ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PEANUTS ,NUTS ,PROSTATE tumors ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background The associations between nut consumption and cancer risk have not been extensively investigated. Objectives We aimed to examine the associations between nut consumption, especially specific types of nuts (peanut, tree nut, walnut, and tree nut other than walnut), and cancer risk. Methods Nut consumption was assessed by FFQ at baseline and updated every 2–4 y in the Nurses' Health Study (1980–2014), the Nurses' Health Study II (1991–2015), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2018). We examined the associations between the intake of total and specific types of nuts and risk of total cancer and common cancers, including lung, colorectal, breast, bladder, and aggressive prostate cancer. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to obtain the HRs and 95% CIs in each cohort as well as pooled. Results During 5,873,671 person-years of follow-up in 180,832 women and 45,560 men, we documented 44,561 incident cancer cases. As compared with nonconsumers, the pooled multivariable HRs of total nut consumption for ≥5 times/wk were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.04; P -trend = 0.54) for total cancer, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.04; P -trend = 0.18) for lung cancer, 1.07 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.26; P -trend = 0.89) for colorectal cancer, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.14; P -trend = 0.65) for bladder cancer, 0.96 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.08; P -trend = 0.36) for breast cancer, and 1.18 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.51; P -trend = 0.52) for aggressive prostate cancer Conclusions In 3 large prospective cohorts, frequent nut consumption was not associated with risk of total cancer and common individual cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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11. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Artificially Sweetened Beverages, and Breast Cancer Risk: Results From 2 Prospective US Cohorts.
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Romanos-Nanclares, Andrea, Collins, Laura C, Hu, Frank B, Willett, Walter C, Rosner, Bernard A, Toledo, Estefania, and Eliassen, A Heather
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DISEASE risk factors ,BREAST cancer ,NURSES ,BEVERAGE consumption ,BREAST tumors ,NONNUTRITIVE sweeteners ,SOFT drinks - Abstract
Background: Whether consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) or artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) is associated with the risk of breast cancer is of public health interest.Objectives: We sought to evaluate associations between consumption of SSBs and ASBs and risks of total and subtype-specific breast cancer.Methods: We followed 82,713 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1980 to 2016) and 93,085 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991 to 2017). Cumulatively averaged intakes of SSBs and ASBs from FFQs were tested for associations with incident breast cancer cases and subtypes using Cox regression models. We also evaluated the associations stratified by menopausal status, physical activity, BMI, and alcohol intake.Results: We documented 11,379 breast cancer cases during 4,655,153 person-years of follow-up. Consumption of SSBs or ASBs was not associated with total breast cancer risk: pooled HRs comparing extreme categories (≥1/day compared with <1/month) were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.95-1.12) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91-1.02), respectively. We observed a suggestive interaction by BMI using pooled data (P-interaction = 0.08), where a modestly higher risk of breast cancer with each serving per day increment of SSBs was found in lean women (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11) but not among overweight or obese women (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95-1.06). Moreover, in the pooled, fully adjusted analysis, compared to infrequent consumers (<1/month), those who consumed ≥1 serving of ASBs per day had a lower risk of luminal A breast tumors (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-1.01; P-trend = 0.02).Conclusions: Although no significant associations were observed overall, consumption of SSBs was associated with a slightly higher risk of breast cancer among lean women. This finding could have occurred by chance and needs confirmation. Our findings also suggest no substantial increase in the risk of breast cancer with consumption of ASBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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12. Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of breast cancer
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Hankinson, Susan E., Willett, Walter C., Colditz, Graham A., Hunter, David J., Michaud, Dominique S., Deroo, Bonnie, Rosner, Bernard, Speizer, Frank E., and Pollak, Michael
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 -- Health aspects ,Breast cancer -- Risk factors - Published
- 1998
13. Birthweight as a risk factor for breast cancer
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Michels, Karin B., Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Robins, James M., Rosner, Bernard A., Manson, Joann E., Hunter, David J., Colditz, Graham A., Hankinson, Susan E., Speizer, Frank E., and Willett, Walter C.
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Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Birth weight -- Health aspects ,Prenatal influences -- Research - Published
- 1996
14. Prospective assessment of breastfeeding and breast cancer incidence among 89,887 women
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Michels, Karin B., Willett, Walter C., Rosner, Bernard A., Manson, Joann E., Hunter, David J., Colditz, Graham A., Hankinson, Susan E., and Speizer, Frank E.
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Breast cancer -- Risk factors ,Breast feeding -- Health aspects - Published
- 1996
15. Evidence for a positive linear relation between blood pressure and mortality in elderly people
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Glynn, Robert J., Field, Terry S., Rosner, Bernard, Hebert, Patricia R., Taylor, James O., and Hennekens, Charles H.
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Blood pressure -- Health aspects ,Hypotension -- Patient outcomes ,Aged -- Patient outcomes - Published
- 1995
16. Effect on coronary atherosclerosis of decrease in plasma cholesterol concentrations in normocholesterolaemic patients
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Sacks, Frank M., Pasternak, Richard C., Gibson, C. Michael, Rosner, Bernard, and Stone, Peter H.
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Coronary heart disease -- Drug therapy ,Anticholesteremic agents -- Evaluation ,Blood cholesterol -- Measurement ,Atherosclerosis -- Development and progression - Published
- 1994
17. Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women
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Willett, Walter C., Stampfer, Meir J., Manson, Joann E., Colditz, Graham A., Speizer, Frank E., Rosner, Bernard A., Sampson, Laura A., and Hennekens, Charles H.
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Fatty acids -- Health aspects ,Margarine -- Health aspects ,Vegetable oils -- Health aspects ,Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors - Published
- 1993
18. Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women
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Manson, Joann E., Rimm, Eric B., Stampfer, Meir J., Colditz, Graham A., Willett, Walter C., Krolewski, Andrzej S., Rosner, Bernard, Hennekens, Charles H., and Speizer, Frank E.
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Women -- Demographic aspects ,Health risk assessment -- Reports ,Physical fitness -- Health aspects ,Type 2 diabetes -- Risk factors - Published
- 1991
19. Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease in men
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Rimm, Eric B., Giovannucci, Edward L., Willett, walter C., Colditz, Graham A., Ascherio, Alberto, Rosner, Bernard, and Stampfer, Meir J.
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Atherosclerosis -- Risk factors ,Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Health aspects ,Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors - Published
- 1991
20. Circulating carotenoids and breast cancer among high-risk individuals.
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Peng, Cheng, Gao, Chi, Lu, Donghao, Rosner, Bernard A, Zeleznik, Oana, Hankinson, Susan E, Kraft, Peter, Eliassen, A Heather, and Tamimi, Rulla M
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BREAST tumor risk factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,MAMMOGRAMS ,DISEASE incidence ,CAROTENOIDS ,CANCER patients ,AT-risk people ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,BREAST tumors ,SECONDARY analysis ,WOMEN'S health - Abstract
Background Carotenoids represent 1 of few modifiable factors to reduce breast cancer risk. Elucidation of interactions between circulating carotenoids and genetic predispositions or mammographic density (MD) may help inform more effective primary preventive strategies in high-risk populations. Objectives We tested whether women at high risk for breast cancer due to genetic predispositions or high MD would experience meaningful and greater risk reduction from higher circulating levels of carotenoids in a nested case-control study in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS and NHSII). Methods This study included 1919 cases and 1695 controls in a nested case-control study in the NHS and NHSII. We assessed both multiplicative and additive interactions. RR reductions and 95% CIs were calculated using unconditional logistic regressions, adjusting for matching factors and breast cancer risk factors. Absolute risk reductions (ARR) were calculated based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence rates. Results We showed that compared with women at low genetic risk or low MD, those with higher genetic risk scores or high MD had greater ARRs for breast cancer as circulating carotenoid levels increase (additive P -interaction = 0.05). Among women with a high polygenic risk score, those in the highest quartile of circulating carotenoids had a significant ARR (28.6%; 95% CI, 14.8–42.1%) compared to those in the lowest quartile of carotenoids. For women with a high percentage MD (≥50%), circulating carotenoids were associated with a 37.1% ARR (95% CI, 21.7–52.1%) when comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles of circulating carotenoids. Conclusions The inverse associations between circulating carotenoids and breast cancer risk appeared to be more pronounced in high-risk women, as defined by germline genetic makeup or MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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21. Prospective study of a diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of breast cancer.
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Kang, Jae H, Peng, Cheng, Rhee, Jinnie J, Farvid, Maryam S, Willett, Walter C, Hu, Frank B, Rosner, Bernard A, Tamimi, Rulla, and Eliassen, A Heather
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DIABETES prevention ,DIABETES risk factors ,DIET therapy for diabetes ,BREAST tumor risk factors ,BREAST tumors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INGESTION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,UNSATURATED fatty acids ,SATURATED fatty acids ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,TISSUE arrays ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background Hyperinsulinemia and higher insulin-like growth factors may increase breast cancer risk. We evaluated a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) and breast cancer risk. Objectives We prospectively evaluated the association between adherence to a DRRD and the incidence of breast cancer. Methods We followed 88,739 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980–2016) and 93,915 women from the NHSII (1991–2017). Incident breast cancer cases (n = 11,943) were confirmed with medical records, and subtypes were determined by tissue microarray data and pathology reports. Information on diet and breast cancer risk factors was repeatedly ascertained in follow-up questionnaires. A DRRD score was derived with 9 factors: lower glycemic index of diet; lower intakes of trans fat, sugar-sweetened beverages/fruit juices, and red/processed meat; higher intakes of cereal fiber, coffee, nuts, and whole fruits; and a higher ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (score range: 9–45). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (MVHRs) and 95% CIs were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models. Results Being in the highest compared with the lowest DRRD adherence quintile was associated with a modestly lower breast cancer risk (MVHR
Q5vsQ1 : 0.89; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.95; P -trend = 0.0002); this was attenuated after adjusting for weight change since age 18 y (MVHRQ5vsQ1 : 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.98; P -trend = 0.01). The inverse association was strongest among women with current BMI < 25 kg/m2 (MVHRQ5vsQ1 : 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98; P -trend = 0.004; P -interaction = 0.04). Among tumor molecular subtypes, the strongest inverse association was observed with basal-type tumors (MVHRQ5vsQ1 : 0.67; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.01; P -trend = 0.04). Conclusions Greater DRRD-adherence was associated with lower breast cancer risk, likely mediated by less weight gain with a DRRD; however, independently of weight change, DRRD-adherence was modestly associated with lower breast cancer risk, particularly among lean women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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22. Red blood cell membrane trans fatty acid levels and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a prospective nested case–control study.
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Ardisson Korat, Andres V, Chiu, Yu-Han, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Zhang, Shumin, Epstein, Mara M, Rosner, Bernard A, Chiuve, Stephanie, Campos, Hannia, Giovannucci, Edward L, Chavarro, Jorge E, and Birmann, Brenda M
- Subjects
LYMPHOMA risk factors ,ERYTHROCYTES ,B cell lymphoma ,CELL membranes ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NON-Hodgkin's lymphoma ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,TRANS fatty acids ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,CASE-control method ,ODDS ratio ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background Trans fatty acid (TFA) intake persists in much of the world, posing ongoing threats to public health that warrant further elucidation. Published evidence suggests a positive association of self-reported TFA intake with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk. Objectives To confirm those reports, we conducted a prospective study of prediagnosis RBC membrane TFA levels and risk of NHL and common NHL histologic subtypes. Methods We conducted a nested case–control study in Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study participants with archived RBC specimens and no history of cancer at blood draw (1989–1090 and 1994–1995, respectively). We confirmed 583 incident NHL cases (332 women and 251 men) and individually matched 583 controls on cohort (sex), age, race, and blood draw date/time. We analyzed RBC membrane TFA using GLC (in 2013–2014) and expressed individual TFA levels as a percentage of total fatty acids. We used unconditional logistic regression adjusted for the matching factors to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for overall NHL risk per 1 SD increase in TFA level and assessed histologic subtype-specific associations with multivariable polytomous logistic regression. Results Total and individual TFA levels were not associated with risk of all NHL or most subtypes. We observed a positive association of total TFA levels with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) risk [ n = 98 cases; OR (95% CI) per 1 SD increase: 1.30 (1.05, 1.61); P = 0.015], driven by trans 18:1n–9(ω-9)/elaidic acid [OR (95% CI): 1.34 (1.08, 1.66); P = 0.007], trans 18:1n–7/vaccenic acid [OR (95% CI): 1.28 (1.04, 1.58); P = 0.023], and trans 18:2n–6 t,t [OR (95% CI): 1.26 (1.01, 1.57); P = 0.037]. Conclusions Our findings extended evidence for TFA intake and DLBCL risk but not for other NHL subtypes. Reduced TFA consumption through dietary choices or health policy measures may support prevention of DLBCL, an aggressive NHL subtype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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23. Prepregnancy adherence to dietary recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in relation to risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Arvizu, Mariel, Stuart, Jennifer J, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Gaskins, Audrey J, Rosner, Bernard, and Chavarro, Jorge E
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CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,FOOD habits ,HEALTH behavior ,HYPERTENSION ,PREECLAMPSIA ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DASH diet - Abstract
Background It is unclear whether adherence to diet recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population is also related to the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension (GHTN). Objectives The aim was to evaluate the relation of prepregnancy adherence to the American Heart Association (AHA) diet recommendations and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) with the risk of pre-eclampsia and GHTN. Methods Between 1991 and 2009, we prospectively followed 16,892 singleton pregnancies among 11,535 women who participated in the Nurses' Health Study II. Prepregnancy diet was assessed every 4 y, from which we calculated dietary pattern scores from the DASH diet (8 components) and the diet recommendations from the AHA 2020 Strategic Impact Goals (primary score: 5 components; secondary score: primary score plus 3 components). Pregnancy outcomes were self-reported, and we estimated the RR (95% CI) of pre-eclampsia and GHTN with log-binomial regression using generalized estimating equations to account for repeat pregnancies and adjusting for potential confounders. Results Women had a mean (SD) age of 34.4 (34.0) y at pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia was reported in 495 (2.9%) pregnancies and GHTN in 561 (3.3%) pregnancies. The RR (95% CI) of pre-eclampsia for women in the highest quintile of the DASH was 0.65 (0.48, 0.87) compared with women in the lowest score quintile. A similar inverse trend was observed for the AHA primary (0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.00) and secondary (0.81; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.07) scores comparing women in the highest versus the lowest score quintile. Neither the DASH nor the AHA scores were related to GHTN. Conclusions Women with higher adherence to dietary recommendations for the prevention of CVD in the general population had a lower risk of pre-eclampsia—a common pregnancy complication related to higher CVD risk among women—than women with lower adherence to these recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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24. Cigarette smoking and incidence of chronic bronchitis and asthma in women
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Troisi, Rebecca J., Speizer, Frank E., Rosner, Bernard, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, and Willet, Walter C.
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Women -- Health aspects ,Bronchitis -- Risk factors ,Smoking -- Health aspects -- Risk factors ,Asthma -- Risk factors ,Health ,Risk factors ,Health aspects - Abstract
Study objective: To examine the relation of smoking habits and development of asthma in a large cohort of US women. Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: Among 74,072 women, 34 to [...]
- Published
- 1995
25. Egg consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: findings from 3 large US cohort studies of men and women and a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
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Drouin-Chartier, Jean-Philippe, Schwab, Amanda L, Chen, Siyu, Li, Yanping, Sacks, Frank M, Rosner, Bernard, Manson, JoAnn E, Willett, Walter C, Stampfer, Meir J, Hu, Frank B, and Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N
- Subjects
EGGS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,PATIENT aftercare ,LONGITUDINAL method ,META-analysis ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,POPULATION geography ,RISK assessment ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,BODY mass index ,LIFESTYLES ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Background Whether egg consumption is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unsettled. Objectives We evaluated the association between egg consumption and T2D risk in 3 large US prospective cohorts, and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Methods We followed 82,750 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980–2012), 89,636 women from the NHS II (1991–2017), and 41,412 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986–2016) who were free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. Egg consumption was assessed every 2–4 y using a validated FFQ. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. Results During a total of 5,529,959 person-years of follow-up, we documented 20,514 incident cases of T2D in the NHS, NHS II, and HPFS. In the pooled multivariable model adjusted for updated BMI, lifestyle, and dietary confounders, a 1-egg/d increase was associated with a 14% (95% CI: 7%, 20%) higher T2D risk. In random-effects meta-analysis of 16 prospective cohort studies (589,559 participants; 41,248 incident T2D cases), for each 1 egg/d, the pooled RR of T2D was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.15; I
2 = 69.8%). There were, however, significant differences by geographic region (P for interaction = 0.01). Each 1 egg/d was associated with higher T2D risk among US studies (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.27; I2 = 51.3%), but not among European (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.15; I2 = 73.5%) or Asian (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.09; I2 = 59.1%) studies. Conclusions Results from the updated meta-analysis show no overall association between moderate egg consumption and risk of T2D. Whether the heterogeneity of the associations among US, European, and Asian cohorts reflects differences in egg consumption habits warrants further investigation. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42019127860. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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26. Natural history of coronary atherosclerosis using quantitative angiography in men, and implications for clinical trials of coronary regression
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Stone, Peter H., Gibson, C. Michael, Pasternak, Richard C., McManus, Kathy, Diaz, Lazaro, Boucher, Theresa, Spears, Richard, Sandor, Tamas, Rosner, Bernard, and Sacks, Frank M.
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Coronary heart disease -- Development and progression ,Atherosclerosis -- Development and progression ,Angiocardiography ,Health - Abstract
Previous studies of the natural history of coronary disease generally relied on estimates of percent stenosis derived from visual assessment of the coronary angiogram. In a study of 26 patients, serial quantitative angiography was performed 3 years apart to determine changes in both absolate measurements of the luminal diameter and relative percent stenosis. Initially, the mean minimal diameter of 74 coronary obstructions wes 1.94 [+ or -] 0.09 mm, the mean 'normal' reference diameter wes 3.06 [+ or -] 0.11 ram, and the mean percent steonsis wes 37%. At follow-up, there was a mild reduction of 0.12 [+ or -] 0.04 mm (6%) in the minimal diameter (p (Am J Cardiol 1993;71:766-772)
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- 1993
27. Parity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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Manson, Joann E., Rimm, Eric B., Colditz, Graham A., Stampfer, Meir J., Willett, Walter C., Arky, Ronald A., Rosner, Bernard, Hennekens, Charles H., and Speizer, Frank E.
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Type 2 diabetes -- Risk factors ,Obesity -- Complications ,Aging -- Complications ,Women -- Diseases ,Health ,Health care industry - Published
- 1992
28. Quantitative angiographic and statistical methods to assess serial changes in coronary luminal diameter and implications for atherosclerosis regression trials
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Gibson, C. Michael, Sandon, Tamas, Stone, Peter H., Pasternak, Richard C., Rosner, Bernard, and Sacks, Frank M.
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Angiography ,Medical statistics -- Usage ,Heart -- Cysts ,Atherosclerosis -- Physiological aspects ,Health - Published
- 1992
29. A prospective study of parental history of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease in men
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Colditz, Graham A., Rimm, Eric B., Giovannucci, Edward, Stampfer, Meir J., Rosner, Bernard, and Willett, Walter C.
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Coronary heart disease -- Risk factors ,Medical genetics -- Methods ,Heart attack -- Genetic aspects ,Health - Abstract
The relation between parental history of myocardial infarction (MI) and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) was prospectively examined among 4S,317 U.S. male health professionals who were free of diagnosed CAD, 40 to 75 years of age in 1986 and followed for 2 years. These men provided details of parental history of MI, including their parents' age at the first event, their personal history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus, and a detailed dietary assessment completed at baseline. During 72,454 person-years of follow-up, 181 nonfatal MIs were documented, 49 men died from Mi or sudden death, and 140 underwent coronary artery surgery or angioplasty. Compared with men without any history of parental Mi, those whose mothers or fathers had had an MI at [less than] 70 years of age had a substantially elevated risk of Mi (relative risk = 2.2, 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.8 for maternal history; relative risk = 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.3 for paternal history). Risk of MI increased with decreasing age at parental Mi. Paternal but not maternal history of MI was related to increased risk of coronary artery surgery. These associations were not appreciably altered by controlling for diet or established risk factors, either individually or in multivariate models. These prospective data indicate that a history of MI in either parent is associated with an increased risk of CAD among men. (Am J Cardiol 1991;67:933-938), None of the risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), such as cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, or diabetes mellitus, can actually predict who will develop coronary artery disease. Genetic risk of CAD was identified over a half century ago, and family history of myocardial infarction (MI, or heart attack) is reportedly associated with an increased risk of CAD in children and other first-degree relatives. This study analyzed the impact of parental MI on the development of CAD among 45,317 men who also provided detailed dietary information. Men with a parent who had a heart attack at age 70 or before, or whose mothers had had heart attacks, had an increased risk of CAD, independent of diet, smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption, or diabetes. There was increased risk with parental history of heart attack at younger age. This indicates that there are common genetic or environmental factors shared by members of the same family. Dietary fats and alcohol consumption did not explain the relation of parental history and risk of CAD, making it more likely that genetic factors were at work. This study demonstrates that it is important to obtain information about family history in an assessment of cardiovascular risk, and individuals who are determined to be at increased risk should be counseled about how to reduce the risk. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
30. Relation of moderate alcohol consumption and risk of systemic hypertension in women
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Witteman, Jacqueline C.M., Willett, Walter C., Stampfer, Meir J., Colditz, Graham A., Kok, Frans J., Sacks, Frank M., Speizer, Frank E., Rosner, Bernard, and Hennekens, Charles H.
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Women -- Alcohol use ,Alcohol -- Physiological aspects ,Hypertension -- Risk factors ,Health - Abstract
The relation between alcohol consumption and the risk of development of hypertension was studied among 58,218 US female registered nurses aged 39 to S9 years who were free of diagnosed systemic hypertension and other major diseases. in 1980, all of these women completed an independently validated dietary questionnaire, which included use of alcoholic beverages. During 4 years of follow-up, 3,275 women reported an initial diagnosis of hypertension; validity of the self-report measure was demonstrated in a subsample. When compared to nondrinkers, women drinking 20 to 34 g of alcohol per day about 2 or 3 drinks) had a significantly elevated relative risk of 1.4; the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.2 to 1.7 after adjustment for age and Quetelet's index. For women consuming [greater than or equal to] 35 g/day, the relative risk was 1.9 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.2). Adjustment for smoking and dietary variables did not alter these results. independent significant associations were observed for the consumption of beer, wine and liquor. These prospective data suggest that alcohol intake of up to about 20 g/day does not increase the risk of hypertension among women, but beyond this level, the risk increases progressively. (Am J Cardiol 1990;65:633-637), Consumption of alcohol in large amounts has been correlated with elevated blood pressure (hypertension), according to several large studies. The effects of moderate alcohol consumption are less clear, and may be different in men versus women. This relationship was examined, along with dietary and other variables, in a group of 58,218 female nurses in the United States. The data were collected by questionnaire. The subjects, who initially did not have hypertension, were asked again four years later if they had been diagnosed with hypertension. Nondrinkers comprised 30 percent of the subjects, while 46 percent consumed less than one drink per day, 16 percent less than two, 5 percent less than three drinks, and 4 percent consumed over four drinks per day. The age-adjusted risk of hypertension was slightly reduced among women ingesting less than one drink per day, compared with nondrinkers. The risk then rose slightly for up to three drinks per day (1.4-fold relative risk), and rose sharply for drinking over that amount (1.9-fold relative risk). Women drinking more than once a day had a higher caffeine intake and were more likely to be smokers, but these factors were not associated with hypertension in this study. Nutrient intake (including calcium, fiber, and different fats) had no effect on the alcohol-hypertension relationship. Past drinkers (who had not had a drink for at least one year) were not at greater risk for hypertension. The correlation between alcohol consumption and hypertension was greater at younger ages and was weaker for women who weighed more. Intake of all types of alcohol correlated significantly with risk of hypertension, but the effect of liquor was most significant. Calculations showed that among women ingesting more than two drinks per day, 32 percent of the incidence of hypertension was related to alcohol ingestion, and this suggests that hypertension in these women may be treatable by restriction of alcohol intake. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1990
31. Circulating Very-Long-Chain SFA Concentrations Are Inversely Associated with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women.
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Ardisson Korat, Andres V, Malik, Vasanti S, Furtado, Jeremy D, Sacks, Frank, Rosner, Bernard, Rexrode, Kathryn M, Willett, Walter C, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Hu, Frank B, Sun, Qi, and Ardisson Korat, Andres V
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TYPE 2 diabetes ,EICOSANOIC acid ,MEDICAL personnel ,SATURATED fatty acids ,FATTY acids ,ERYTHROCYTE metabolism ,RESEARCH funding ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Very-long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs), such as arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), have demonstrated inverse associations with cardiometabolic conditions, although more evidence is needed to characterize their relation with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition, little is known regarding their potential dietary and lifestyle predictors.Objective: We aimed to examine the association of plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of VLCSFAs with incident T2D risk.Methods: We used existing measurements of fatty acid concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes among 2854 and 2831 participants in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), respectively. VLCSFAs were measured using GLC, and individual fatty acid concentrations were expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids. Incident T2D cases were identified by self-reports and confirmed by a validated supplementary questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between VLCSFAs and T2D, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables.Results: During 39,941 person-years of follow-up, we documented 243 cases of T2D. Intakes of peanuts, peanut butter, vegetable fat, dairy fat, and palmitic/stearic (16:0-18:0) fatty acids were significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with plasma and erythrocyte VLCSFA concentrations (|rs| ≤ 0.19). Comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles of plasma concentrations, pooled HRs (95% CIs) were 0.51 (0.35, 0.75) for arachidic acid, 0.43 (0.28, 0.64) for behenic acid, 0.40 (0.27, 0.61) for lignoceric acid, and 0.41 (0.27, 0.61) for the sum of VLCSFAs, after multivariate adjustments for demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. For erythrocyte VLCSFAs, only arachidic acid and behenic acid concentrations were inversely associated with T2D risk.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, in US men and women, higher plasma concentrations of VLCSFAs are associated with lower risk of T2D. More research is needed to understand the mechanistic pathways underlying these associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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32. Sodium Intake during Pregnancy, but Not Other Diet Recommendations Aimed at Preventing Cardiovascular Disease, Is Positively Related to Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.
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Arvizu, Mariel, Bjerregaard, Anne A, Madsen, Marie T B, Granström, Charlotta, Halldorsson, Thorhallur I, Olsen, Sjurdur F, Gaskins, Audrey J, Rich-Edwards, Janet W, Rosner, Bernard A, and Chavarro, Jorge E
- Subjects
PREECLAMPSIA ,DASH diet ,PREGNANCY ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,PREGNANT women ,SODIUM ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease prevention ,HYPERTENSION in pregnancy ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,SODIUM content of food ,DIET ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
Background: The role of diet on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs), including preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GHTN), remains unclear.Objectives: We evaluated whether adherence during pregnancy to dietary recommendations that reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population is related to the risk of HDPs.Methods: We followed 66,651 singleton pregnancies from 62,774 women participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Diet was assessed during week of gestation 25 with an FFQ from which we created 2 dietary pattern scores: 1) AHA, based on the diet recommendations from the AHA 2020 Strategic Impact Goals; and 2) the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. Cases of HDPs were identified through linkage with the Danish National Patient Registry. RRs and 95% CIs of HDPs were estimated by increasing quintiles of adherence to the AHA and DASH scores using log-Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations-to account for repeated pregnancies per woman-while adjusting for potential confounders.Results: We identified 1809 cases of HDPs: n = 1310 preeclampsia (n = 300 severe preeclampsia) and n = 499 cases of GHTN. Greater adherence to AHA or DASH scores was not related to the risk of HDPs. However, when each component of the scores was separately evaluated, there were positive linear relations of sodium intake with HDPs (P-linearity < 0.01). Women with the highest sodium intake [median 3.70 g/d (range: 3.52, 7.52 g/d)] had 54% (95% CI:16%, 104%) higher risk of GHTN and 20% (95% CI:1%, 42%) higher risk of preeclampsia than women with the lowest intake [median 2.60 g/d (range: 0.83, 2.79 g/d)]. In addition, intake of whole grains was positively related to the risk of GHTN but not to preeclampsia ( P-heterogeneity = 0.002).Conclusion: Sodium intake during pregnancy, but no other diet recommendations to prevent CVD among nonpregnant adults, is positively related to the occurrence of HDPs among pregnant Danish women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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33. Dairy fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in 3 cohorts of US men and women.
- Author
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Korat, Andres V Ardisson, Li, Yanping, Sacks, Frank, Rosner, Bernard, Willett, Walter C, Hu, Frank B, and Sun, Qi
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes prevention ,TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors ,DAIRY products ,DIET ,CARBOHYDRATE content of food ,FAT content of food ,INGESTION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEN'S health ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RISK assessment ,SELF-evaluation ,WOMEN'S health ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background Previous studies have examined dairy products with various fat contents in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, although data regarding dairy fat intake per se are sparse. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the association between dairy fat intake and risk of T2D in 3 prospective cohorts. We also examined associations for isocalorically replacing dairy fat with other macronutrients. Methods We prospectively followed 41,808 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS; 1986–2012), 65,929 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1984–2012), and 89,565 women in the NHS II (1991–2013). Diet was assessed quadrennially using validated FFQs. Fat intake from dairy products and other relevant sources was expressed as percentage of total energy. Self-reported incident T2D cases were confirmed using validated supplementary questionnaires. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR for dairy fat intake and T2D risk. Results During 4,219,457 person-years of follow-up, we documented 16,511 incident T2D cases. Dairy fat was not associated with risk of T2D when compared with calories from carbohydrates (HR for extreme quintiles: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.02). Replacing 5% of calories from dairy fat with other sources of animal fat or carbohydrate from refined grains was associated with a 17% (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.21) and a 4% (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) higher risk of T2D, respectively. Conversely, a 5% calorie replacement with carbohydrate from whole grains was associated with a 7% lower risk of T2D (HR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98). Conclusions Dairy fat intake was not associated with T2D risk in these cohort studies of US men and women when compared with calories from carbohydrate. Replacing dairy fat with carbohydrates from whole grains was associated with lower risk of T2D. Replacement with other animal fats or refined carbohydrates was associated with higher risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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34. Low-dose aspirin and subsequent peripheral arterial surgery in the Physicians' Health Study
- Author
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Goldhaber, Samuel Z., Manson, Joann E., Stampfer, Meir J., LaMotte, Frances, Rosner, Bernard, Buring, Julie E., and Hennekens, Charles H.
- Subjects
Aspirin -- Usage ,Arterial occlusions -- Prevention ,Arteries - Published
- 1992
35. Recommendation-based dietary indexes and risk of colorectal cancer in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
- Author
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Petimar, Joshua, Smith-Warner, Stephanie A, Fung, Teresa T, Rosner, Bernard, Chan, Andrew T, Hu, Frank B, Giovannucci, Edward L, and Tabung, Fred K
- Subjects
COLON cancer ,COLON tumors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DIET ,FOOD habits ,LONGITUDINAL method ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,RECTUM tumors ,REGRESSION analysis ,SEX distribution ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,MEDITERRANEAN diet ,DASH diet ,ODDS ratio ,TUMOR risk factors ,CANCER risk factors - Abstract
Background: Many dietary indexes exist for chronic disease prevention, but the optimal dietary pattern for colorectal cancer prevention is unknown. Objective: We sought to determine associations between adherence to various dietary indexes and incident colorectal cancer in 2 prospective cohort studies. Design:We followed 78,012 women in the Nurses' Health Study and 46,695 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 and 1988, respectively, until 2012. We created dietary index scores for the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Alternative Mediterranean Diet (AMED), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and used Cox regression to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and by anatomic subsite. We also conducted latency analyses to examine associations between diet and CRC risk during different windows of exposure. We conducted analyses in men and women separately, and subsequently pooled these results in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: We documented 2690 colorectal cancer cases. Pooled multivariable HRs for colorectal cancer risk comparing the highest to lowest quintile of diet scores were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.08; P-trend = 0.10) for DASH, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.10; P-trend = 0.31) for AMED, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.09; P-trend = 0.56) for AHEI-2010 (P-heterogeneity = 0.07 for all). In sex-specific analyses, we observed stronger associations in men for all dietary indexes (DASH: multivariable HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.98; P-trend = 0.003; AMED: multivariable HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.98; P-trend = 0.02; AHEI-2010: multivariable HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.72, 1.07; P-trend = 0.04) than in women (multivariable HRs range from 0.98 to 1.01). Conclusions: Adherence to the DASH, AMED, and AHEI-2010 diets was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in men. These diets were not associated with colorectal cancer risk in women. This observational study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03364582. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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36. Vitamin D Status Is Not Associated with Risk of Early Menopause.
- Author
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Purdue-Smithe, Alexandra C, Whitcomb, Brian W, Manson, JoAnn E, Hankinson, Susan E, Troy, Lisa M, Rosner, Bernard A, and Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth R
- Subjects
WOMEN'S health ,VITAMIN D deficiency ,MENOPAUSE ,SEX hormones ,POSTMENOPAUSE ,CARRIER proteins ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NURSES ,OVARIAN diseases ,RESEARCH funding ,VITAMIN D ,PERIMENOPAUSE ,CASE-control method ,NUTRITIONAL status - Abstract
Background: Early natural menopause, the cessation of ovarian function before age 45 y, is positively associated with cardiovascular disease and other conditions. Dietary vitamin D intake has been inversely associated with early menopause; however, no previous studies have evaluated risk with regard to plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.Objective: We prospectively evaluated associations of total and free 25(OH)D and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) concentrations and the risk of early menopause in a case-control study nested within the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS2). We also considered associations of 25(OH)D and VDBP with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations.Methods: The NHS2 is a prospective study in 116,430 nurses, aged 25-42 y at baseline (1989). Premenopausal plasma blood samples were collected between 1996 and 1999, from which total 25(OH)D and VDBP concentrations were measured and free 25(OH)D concentrations were calculated. Cases experienced menopause between blood collection and age 45 y (n = 328) and were matched 1:1 by age and other factors to controls who experienced menopause after age 48 y (n = 328). Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for early menopause according to each biomarker. Generalized linear models were used to estimate AMH geometric means according to each biomarker.Results: After adjusting for smoking and other factors, total and free 25(OH)D were not associated with early menopause. Quartile 4 compared with quartile 1 ORs were 1.04 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.81) for total 25(OH)D and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.41, 1.20) for free 25(OH)D. 25(OH)D was unrelated to AMH concentrations. VDBP was positively associated with early menopause; the OR comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of VDBP was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.09, 2.98).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that total and free 25(OH)D are not importantly related to the risk of early menopause. VDBP may be associated with increased risk, but replication is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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37. Protein intake and ovulatory infertility
- Author
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Chavarro, Jorge E., Rich-Edwards, Janet W., Rosner, Bernard A., and Willett, Walter C.
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Fertility drugs ,Infertility ,Health - Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.06.057 Byline: Jorge E. Chavarro (a)(d), Janet W. Rich-Edwards (b)(d)(e), Bernard A. Rosner (c)(d), Walter C. Willett (a)(b)(d) Keywords: diet; epidemiology; infertility; ovulation; protein Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether intake of protein from animal and vegetable origin is associated with ovulatory infertility. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (b) Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (c) Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (d) Channing Laboratory, Boston, MA (e) Division of Women's Health and the Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Article History: Received 5 February 2007; Revised 2 May 2007; Accepted 28 June 2007 Article Note: (footnote) This work was supported by the main Nurses' Health Study II Grant CA50385, Training Grant T32 DK-007703, and the Yerby Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The Nurses' Health Study II is supported for other specific projects by National Institutes of Health Grants CA55075, CA67262, AG/CA14742, CA67883, CA65725, DK52866, HL64108, and HL03804. Cite this article as: Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, et al. Protein intake and ovulatory infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:210.e1-210.e7.
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- 2008
38. Incidence and remission of urinary incontinence in middle-aged women
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Townsend, Mary K., Danforth, Kim N., Lifford, Karen L., Rosner, Bernard, Curhan, Gary C., Resnick, Neil M., and Grodstein, Francine
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Urinary incontinence ,Health - Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.041 Byline: Mary K. Townsend (a)(b), Kim N. Danforth (a), Karen L. Lifford (a)(b), Bernard Rosner (a)(c), Gary C. Curhan (a)(b), Neil M. Resnick (d), Francine Grodstein (a)(b) Keywords: epidemiology; incidence; urinary incontinence Abstract: The objective of the study was to describe changes in urinary incontinence in middle-aged women. Author Affiliation: (a) Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (b) Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (c) Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (d) Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA. Article History: Received 16 October 2006; Revised 3 January 2007; Accepted 12 March 2007 Article Note: (footnote) This work was supported in part by Grants DK62438 and CA50385 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). M.K.T. is supported by NIH Grant R25 GM55353., Cite this article as: Townsend MK, Danforth KN, Lifford KL, et al. Incidence and remission of urinary incontinence in middle-aged women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:167.e1-167.e5.
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- 2007
39. Dietary fat intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2 large prospective cohorts.
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Bertrand, Kimberly A., Giovannucci, Edward, Rosner, Bernard A., Zhang, Shumin M., Laden, Francine, and Birmann, Brenda M.
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FAT content of food ,LYMPHOMA risk factors ,LONGITUDINAL method ,CARCINOGENESIS ,IMMUNOREGULATION ,CANCER & nutrition ,COHORT analysis ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,INGESTION ,MEDICAL personnel ,META-analysis ,NURSES ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,PROBABILITY theory ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SEX distribution ,TRANS fatty acids ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background: Dietary fat intake may contribute to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) pathogenesis by influencing carcinogen exposure or through immune modulation. Objective: We aimed to evaluate NHL risk associated with total and specific dietary fat intake. Design: We evaluated associations within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (n = 88,598) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) (n = 47,531) using repeated validated dietary assessments. We confirmed 1802 incident NHL diagnoses through 2010. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for all NHL and common subtypes associated with a 1-SD increase in cumulative mean intakes of total, animal, saturated, trans, and vegetable fats and marine fatty acids. We pooled sex-specific HRs using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Over 24-30 y of follow-up, neither total nor specific dietary fats were significantly associated with NHL risk overall. Higher total, animal, and saturated fat intakes were positively associated with the risk of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma subtype among women only (253 cases; P-trend ≤ 0.05), driven by strong associations during 1980-1994. From baseline through 1994, among women and men combined, total fat intake was borderline-significantly positively associated with NHL overall (pooled HR per SD: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.29) and was significantly associated with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (pooled HR per SD: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.05), with similar trends for animal and saturated fat intake. For women only, trans fat was significantly positively associated with all NHL. In contrast, during 1994-2010, there was little evidence for associations of dietary fat intake with NHL overall or by subtype. Conclusion: Previous observations of an increased risk of NHL associated with intakes of total, animal, saturated, and trans fat with 14 y of follow-up did not persist with longer follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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40. Dietary intake of α-linolenic acid and risk of age-related macular degeneration.
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Wu, Juan, Eunyoung Cho, Giovannucci, Edward L., Rosner, Bernard A., Sastry, Srinivas M., Schaumberg, Debra A., and Willett, Walter C.
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ALPHA-linolenic acid ,DISEASE risk factors ,RETINAL degeneration ,AGE factors in disease ,OMEGA-3 fatty acids ,FOOD consumption research ,COHORT analysis ,DIET in disease ,CONDIMENTS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,FAT content of food ,INGESTION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICAL personnel ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH evaluation ,SEX distribution ,TIME ,TRANS fatty acids ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background: The relation between α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unclear. European researchers reported that ≤40% of ALA can be present as trans forms. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the associations between intake of ALA and intermediate and advanced AMD. Design: Seventy-five thousand eight hundred eighty-nine women from the Nurses' Health Study and 38,961 men from Health Professionals Follow-Up Study were followed up from 1984 to 2012 and from 1986 to 2010, respectively. We assessed dietary intake by a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and every 4 y thereafter. One thousand five hundred eighty-nine incident intermediate and 1356 advanced AMD cases (primarily neovascular AMD) were confirmed by medical record review. Results: The multivariable-adjusted HR for intermediate AMD comparing ALA intake at the top quintile to the bottom quintile was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.56; P-trend = 0.01) in the analyses combining 2 cohorts. The HR in each cohort was in the positive direction but reached statistical significance only in the women. However, the positive association was apparent only in the pre-2002 era in each cohort and not afterward (P-time interaction = 0.003). ALA intake was not associated with advanced AMD in either time period. Using gas-liquid chromatography, we identified both cis ALA (mean ± SD: 0.13% ± 0.04%) and trans ALA isomers (0.05% ± 0.01%) in 395 erythrocyte samples collected in 1989-1990. In stepwise regression models, mayonnaise was the leading predictor of erythrocyte concentrations of cis ALA and one isomer of trans ALA. We also found trans ALA in mayonnaise samples. Conclusions: A high intake of ALA was associated with an increased risk of intermediate AMD before 2002 but not afterward. The period before 2002 coincides with the same time period when trans ALA was found in food and participants' blood; this finding deserves further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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41. Vitamin D and calcium intake and risk of early menopause.
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Purdue-Smithe, Alexandra C., Whitcomb, Brian W., Szegda, Kathleen L., Boutot, Maegan E., Manson, JoAnn E., Hankinson, Susan E., Rosner, Bernard A., Troy, Lisa M., Michels, Karin B., and Bertone-Johnson, Elizabeth R.
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PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of vitamin D ,MENOPAUSE -- Risk factors ,CALCIUM content of food ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of dairy products ,DIETARY supplements ,ANOVULATION ,DISEASE risk factors ,OSTEOPOROSIS ,PREMATURE menopause ,WOMEN'S health ,DIETARY calcium ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DAIRY products ,DIET ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NURSES ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,VITAMIN D ,STATISTICAL significance ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background: Early menopause, defined as the cessation of ovarian function before the age of 45 y, affects ~10% of women and is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and other conditions. Few modifiable risk factors for early menopause have been identified, but emerging data suggest that high vitamin D intake may reduce risk. Objective: We evaluated how intakes of vitamin D and calcium are associated with the incidence of early menopause in the prospective Nurses' Health Study II (NHS2). Design: Intakes of vitamin D and calcium from foods and supplements were measured every 4 y with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. Cases of incident early menopause were identified from all participants who were premenopausal at baseline in 1991; over 1.13 million person-years, 2041 women reported having natural menopause before the age of 45 y. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate relations between intakes of vitamin D and calcium and incident early menopause while accounting for potential confounding factors. Results: After adjustment for age, smoking, and other factors, women with the highest intake of dietary vitamin D (quintile median: 528 IU/d) had a significant 17% lower risk of early menopause than women with the lowest intake [quintile median: 148 IU/d; HR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.95); P-trend = 0.03]. Dietary calcium intake in the highest quintile (median: 1246 mg/d) compared with the lowest (median: 556 mg/d) was associated with a borderline significantly lower risk of early menopause (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.00; P-trend = 0.03). Associations were stronger for vitamin D and calcium from dairy sources than from nondairy dietary sources, whereas high supplement use was not associated with lower risk. Conclusions: Findings suggest that high intakes of dietary vitamin D and calcium may be modestly associated with a lower risk of early menopause. Further studies evaluating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, other dairy constituents, and early menopause are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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42. Reproducibility of urinary biomarkers in multiple 24-h urine samples.
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Qi Sun, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Franke, Adrian A., Rosner, Bernard, Curhan, Gary C., and Willett, Walter C.
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BIOMARKERS ,URINE microbiology ,URINALYSIS ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,INTRACLASS correlation ,MEASUREMENT of sodium in the body ,URINE collection & preservation ,MEASUREMENT ,CALCIUM in the body ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,CALCIUM ,DENTAL resins ,ENERGY metabolism ,FLAVONOIDS ,MAGNESIUM ,MATHEMATICS ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL personnel ,NURSES ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,PHOSPHATES ,POLYESTERS ,POLYPHENOLS ,POTASSIUM ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,REGRESSION analysis ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,SODIUM ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,SULFATES ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,PHYSICAL activity ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: Limited knowledge regarding the reproducibility of biomarkers in 24-h urine samples has hindered the collection and use of the samples in epidemiologic studies. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of various markers in repeat 24-h urine samples. Design: We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of biomarkers measured in 24-h urine samples that were collected in 3168 participants in the NHS (Nurses' Health Study), NHSII (Nurses' Health Study II), and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Results: In 742 women with 4 samples each collected over the course of 1 y, ICCs for sodium were 0.32 in the NHS and 0.34 in the NHSII. In 2439 men and women with 2 samples each collected over 1 wk to =1 mo, the ICCs ranged from 0.33 to 0.68 for sodium at various intervals between collections. The urinary excretion of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sulfate, and other urinary markers showed generally higher reproducibility (ICCs >0.4). In 47 women with two 24-h urine samples, ICCs ranged from 0.15 (catechin) to 0.75 (enterolactone) for polyphenol metabolites. For phthalates, ICCs were generally =0.26 except for monobenzyl phthalate (ICC: 0.55), whereas the ICC was 0.39 for bisphenol A (BPA). We further estimated that, for the large majority of the biomarkers, the mean of three 24-h urine samples could provide a correlation of =0.8 with true long-term urinary excretion. Conclusions: These data suggest that the urinary excretion of various biomarkers, such as minerals, electrolytes, most polyphenols, and BPA, is reasonably reproducible in 24-h urine samples that are collected within a few days or =1 y. Our findings show that three 24-h samples are sufficient for the measurement of long-term exposure status in epidemiologic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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43. Data trawling: to fish or not to fish
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Michels, Karin B. and Rosner, Bernard A.
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Medical research -- Analysis - Published
- 1996
44. Dietary folate, B vitamins, genetic susceptibility and progression to advanced nonexudative age-related macular degeneration with geographic atrophy: a prospective cohort study.
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Merle, Bénédicte M. J., Silver, Rachel E., Rosner, Bernard, and Seddon, Johanna M.
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FOLIC acid ,VITAMIN B complex ,VITAMIN deficiency ,ESSENTIAL nutrients ,HUMAN heredity ,RETINAL degeneration ,ORNITHINE aminotransferase deficiency ,GENETICS of disease susceptibility ,ALLELES ,CLINICAL trials ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DIET ,LONGITUDINAL method ,PROBABILITY theory ,RESEARCH funding ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,VITAMIN B1 ,STATISTICAL significance ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,GENOTYPES - Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but few studies have explored associations with folate and Bα vitamins. No effective therapeutic strategy for geographic atrophy (GA) is available, and prevention could be of great value. Objective: We investigated associations between dietary folate, B vitamins, and progression to GA and whether these associations might be modified by genetic susceptibility. Design: Among 2525 subjects (4663 eyes) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study, 405 subjects (528 eyes) progressed to GA over 13 y. Folate and B vitamins were log transformed and calorie adjusted separately for men and women. Ten loci in 7 AMD genes [complement factor H, age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2/high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1, complement component 2, complement component 3, complement factor B, collagen type VIII a 1, and RAD51 paralog B] were examined. Survival analysis was used to assess associations between incident GA and dietary intake of folate and B vitamins. Interaction effects between these nutrients and genetic variation on AMD risk were also evaluated. Subjects with at least one eye free of advanced AMD at baseline were included in these analyses. Results: There was a reduced risk of progression to GA with increasing intake of thiamin, riboflavin, and folate after adjusting for age, sex, and total energy intake (P-trend = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.001, respectively). After adjustment for demographic, behavioral, ocular, and genetic covariates, trends remained statistically significant for folate (P-trend = 0.007) and were borderline for thiamin (P-trend = 0.05). Riboflavin did not retain statistical significance (P-trend = 0.20). Folate was significantly associated with lower risk of incident GA among subjects homozygous for the complement component 3 (C3) R102G rs2230199 nonrisk genotype (CC) (HR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.70; P = 0.0005) but not subjects carrying the risk allele (G) (P = 0.76). Neither folate nor any B vitamin was significantly associated with neovascular AMD. Conclusions: High folate intake was associated with a reduced risk of progression to GA. This relation could be modified by genetic susceptibility, particularly related to the C3 genotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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45. Dietary lycopene intake and risk of prostate cancer defined by ERG protein expression.
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Graff, Rebecca E., Pettersson, Andreas, Lis, Rosina T., Ahearn, Thomas U., Markt, Sarah C., Wilson, Kathryn M., Rider, Jennifer R., Fiorentino, Michelangelo, Finn, Stephen, Kenfield, Stacey A., Loda, Massimo, Giovannucci, Edward L., Rosner, Bernard, and Mucci, Lorelei A.
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PROTEIN metabolism ,DIET therapy for cancer patients ,CONDIMENTS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,STATISTICAL correlation ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,INGESTION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,LYCOPENE ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEN'S health ,MOLECULAR biology ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,NUTRITION ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,PROBABILITY theory ,PROSTATECTOMY ,PROSTATE tumors ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,TOMATOES ,TUMOR classification ,PROSTATE-specific antigen ,GENOMICS ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,FOOD diaries ,DATA analysis software ,MICROARRAY technology ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ODDS ratio ,GENETICS ,TUMOR risk factors - Abstract
Background: There is limited evidence that supports etiologically distinct molecular subtypes of prostate cancer, the identification of which may improve prevention. Given their antioxidant properties, we hypothesized that lycopene and tomato sauce may be especially protective against diseases harboring the common gene fusion trans-membrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2):v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG). Objective: We aimed to examine associations between estimated lycopene and tomato sauce intake and the risk of prostate cancer defined by ERG protein expression subtype. Design: Our study population consisted of a prospective cohort of 46,719 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. TMPRSS2:ERG was assessed by ERG immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue microarrays constructed from radical prostatectomy specimens. We used multivariable competing risk models to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for the risk of ERG-positive and, separately, ERG-negative disease. We implemented inverse probability weighting to account for evaluating ERG status only in surgically treated cases. Results: During 23 y of follow-up, 5543 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, among whom 884 were assayed for ERG (426 ERG-positive). With inclusion of only the latter cases, increasing cumulative average tomato sauce intake was associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer overall (≥2 servings/wk compared with <1 serving/mo; multivariable HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.95; P-trend = 0.002). With respect to molecular subtypes, cumulative average tomato sauce intake was associated with a decreased risk of ERG-positive disease (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.81; P-trend = 0.004) but not with ERG-negative disease (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.50; P-trend = 0.10) (P-heterogeneity = 0.04). Increasing quintiles of lycopene intake were associated with a decreased risk of both subtypes (P-heterogeneity = 0.79). Inverse probability weighting did not materially change the results. Conclusions: Our results lend some support to the hypothesis that prostate cancers that harbor TMPRSS2:ERG may be etiologically distinct from fusion-negative cancers. In particular, tomato sauce consumption may play a role in reducing TMPRSS2:ERG-positive disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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46. High Fiber and Low Starch Intakes Are Associated with Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes among Women.
- Author
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AlEssa, Hala B., Ley, Sylvia H., Rosner, Bernard, Malik, Vasanti S., Willett, Walter C., Campos, Hannia, and Hu, Frank B.
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BIOMARKERS ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,GLYCEMIC index ,ADIPONECTIN ,C-reactive protein ,BLOOD sugar ,DIET ,CARBOHYDRATE content of food ,DIETARY fiber ,FOOD habits ,FRUIT ,GLUCANS ,GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin ,RESEARCH funding ,SURVEYS ,BODY mass index ,CROSS-sectional method ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Carbohydrate quality has been consistently related to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, limited information is available about the effect of carbohydrate quality on biomarkers related to T2D.Objective: We examined the associations of carbohydrate quality measures (CQMs) including carbohydrate intake; starch intake; glycemic index; glycemic load; total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes; and different combinations of these nutrients with plasma concentrations of adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 2458 diabetes-free women, ages 43-70 y, in the Nurses Health Study. CQMs were estimated from food-frequency questionnaires, and averages from 1984, 1986, and 1990 were used. Plasma biomarkers were collected in 1990. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between CQMs and biomarkers.Results: After age, body mass index, lifestyle, and dietary variables were adjusted, 1) total fiber intake was positively associated with adiponectin (P-trend = 0.004); 2) cereal fiber intake was positively associated with adiponectin and inversely associated with CRP, and fruit fiber intake was negatively associated with HbA1c concentrations (all P-trend < 0.03); 3) starch intake was inversely associated with adiponectin (P-trend = 0.02); 4) a higher glycemic index was associated with lower adiponectin and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); 5) a higher carbohydrate-to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower adiponectin (P-trend = 0.005); 6) a higher starch-to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower adiponectin and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); and 7) a higher starch-to-cereal fiber intake ratio was associated with lower adiponectin (P-trend = 0.002).Conclusions: A greater fiber intake and a lower starch-to-fiber intake ratio are favorably associated with adiponectin and HbA1c, but only cereal fiber intake was associated with CRP in women. Further research is warranted to understand the potential mechanism of these associations in early progression of T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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47. Carbohydrate quality and quantity and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women.
- Author
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AlEssa, Hala B., Bhupathiraju, Shilpa N., Malik, Vasanti S., Wedick, Nicole M., Campos, Hannia, Rosner, Bernard, Willett, Walter C., and Hu, Frank B.
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TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry ,DIETARY fiber ,CARBOHYDRATE content of food ,FRUIT ,GLUCANS ,GRAIN ,HEALTH behavior ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,NURSES ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,SELF-evaluation ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,VEGETABLES ,WOMEN'S health ,BODY mass index ,LIFESTYLES ,RELATIVE medical risk ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,PHYSICAL activity ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: Carbohydrate quality may be an important determinant of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, relations between various carbohydrate quality metrics and T2D risk have not been systematically investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the association between carbohydrates, starch, fibers, and different combinations of these nutrients and risk of T2D in women. Design: We prospectively followed 70,025 women free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2008). Diet information was collected with the use of a validated questionnaire every 4 y. Cox regression was used to evaluate associations with incident T2D. Results: During 1,484,213 person-years of follow-up, we ascertained 6934 incident T2D cases. In multivariable analyses, when extreme quintiles were compared, higher carbohydrate intake was not associated with T2D (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.08; P-trend = 0.84), whereas starch was associated with a higher risk (RR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.35; P-trend,0.0001). Total fiber (RR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89; P-trend < 0.0001), cereal fiber (RR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.78; P-trend < 0.0001), and fruit fiber (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.85; P-trend < 0.0001) were associated with a lower T2D risk. The ratio of carbohydrate to total fiber intake was marginally associated with a higher risk of T2D (RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; P-trend = 0.04). On the other hand, we found positive associations between the ratios of carbohydrate to cereal fiber (RR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.39; P-trend < 0.0001), starch to total fiber (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.23; P-trend = 0.03), and starch to cereal fiber (RR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.53; P-trend < 0.0001) and T2D. Conclusions: Diets with high starch, low fiber, and a high starch-to-cereal fiber ratio were associated with a higher risk of T2D. The starch-to-cereal fiber ratio of the diet may be a novel metric for assessing carbohydrate quality in relation to T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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48. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, genetic susceptibility, and progression to advanced macular degeneration: a prospective cohort study.
- Author
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Merle, Bénédicte M. J., Silver, Rachel E., Rosner, Bernard, and Seddon, Johanna M.
- Subjects
GENETICS of retinal degeneration ,ALLELES ,CLINICAL trials ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DATABASES ,DISEASE susceptibility ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NUTRITION ,NUTRITIONAL assessment ,PROBABILITY theory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH funding ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,VISION testing ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,GENOMICS ,STATISTICAL significance ,BODY mass index ,DISEASE progression ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MEDITERRANEAN diet ,ODDS ratio ,GENOTYPES - Abstract
Background: Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is linked to a lower risk of mortality and chronic disease, but the association with the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and genetic susceptibility is unknown. Objective: We examined the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and genetic susceptibility with progression to advanced AMD. Design: Among 2525 subjects in the AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study), 1028 eyes progressed to advanced AMD over 13 y. Baseline data for demographic and behavioral covariates were collected by using questionnaires. Dietary data were collected from food-frequency questionnaires. The alternate Mediterranean diet (aMeDi) score (range: 0-9) was constructed from individual intakes of vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, nuts, fish, red and processed meats, alcohol, and the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fats. Ten genetic loci in 7 genes [complement factor H (CFH), age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2/high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (ARMS2/HTRA1), complement component 2 (C2), complement factor B (CFB), complement component 3 (C3), collagen type VIII a 1 (COL8A1), and RAD51 paralog B (RAD51B)] were examined. Survival analysis was used to assess individual eyes for associations between incident AMD and aMeDi score, as well as interaction effects between aMeDi score and genetic variation on risk of AMD. Results: A high aMeDi score (score of 6-9) was significantly associated with a reduced risk of progression to advanced AMD after adjustment for demographic, behavioral, ocular, and genetic covariates (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.91; P-trend = 0.007). The aMeDi score was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident advanced AMD among subjects carrying the CFH Y402H nonrisk (T) allele (P-trend = 0.0004, P-interaction = 0.04). The aMeDi score was not associated with AMD among subjects who were homozygous for the risk (C) allele. Conclusion: Higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced risk of progression to advanced AMD, which may be modified by genetic susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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49. Oral contraceptive use by formulation and breast cancer risk by subtype in the Nurses' Health Study II: a prospective cohort study.
- Author
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Burchardt, Norah A., Eliassen, A. Heather, Shafrir, Amy L., Rosner, Bernard, Tamimi, Rulla M., Kaaks, Rudolf, Tworoger, Shelley S., and Fortner, Renée T.
- Subjects
CONTRACEPTION ,ORAL contraceptives ,DISEASE risk factors ,BREAST cancer ,EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors ,SYNTHETIC progestagens ,STEROIDS ,ESTROGEN ,LEVONORGESTREL ,NURSES ,RESEARCH funding ,PROGESTATIONAL hormones ,BREAST tumors ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Oral contraceptive use has been associated with a higher breast cancer risk; however, evidence for the associations between different oral contraceptive formulations and breast cancer risk, especially by disease subtype, is limited.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between oral contraceptive use by formulation and breast cancer risk by disease subtype.Study Design: This prospective cohort study included 113,187 women from the Nurses' Health Study II with recalled information on oral contraceptive usage from 13 years of age to baseline (1989) and updated data on usage until 2009 collected via biennial questionnaires. A total of 5799 breast cancer cases were identified until the end of 2017. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk overall and by estrogen and progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. Oral contraceptive use was evaluated by status of use (current, former, and never), duration of and time since last use independently and cross-classified, and formulation (ie, estrogen and progestin type).Results: Current oral contraceptive use was associated with a higher risk for invasive breast cancer (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.58) when compared with never use, with stronger associations observed for longer durations of current use (>5 years: hazard ratio, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.99; ≤5 years: hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.49). Among former users with >5 years since cessation, the risk was similar to that of never users (eg, >5 to 10 years since cessation: hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.11). Associations did not differ significantly by tumor subtype. In analyses by formulation, current use of formulations containing levonorgestrel in triphasic (hazard ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.98-4.03) and extended cycle regimens (hazard ratio, 3.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-9.53) and norgestrel in monophasic regimens (hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.06), all combined with ethinyl estradiol, was associated with a higher breast cancer risk when compared with never oral contraceptive use. No association was observed for current use of the other progestin types evaluated (norethindrone, norethindrone acetate, ethynodiol diacetate, desogestrel, norgestimate, and drospirenone), however, sample sizes were relatively small for some of the subgroups, limiting these analyses.Conclusion: Current oral contraceptive use was associated with a higher risk for invasive breast cancer regardless of disease subtype, however, the risk in former users was comparable with never users 5 years after cessation. In analyses by progestin type, associations were observed for select formulations containing levonorgestrel and norgestrel. Assessment of the associations for newer progestin types (desogestrel, norgestimate, drospirenone) was limited by sample size, and further research on more recently introduced progestins is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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50. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 2 levels and breast cancer risk.
- Author
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Aroner, Sarah A., Rosner, Bernard A., Tamimi, Rulla M., Tworoger, Shelley S., Baur, Nadja, Joos, Thomas O., and Hankinson, Susan E.
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MATRIX metalloproteinases , *BLOOD plasma , *BREAST cancer risk factors , *CANCER invasiveness , *LONGITUDINAL method , *HEALTH of nurses - Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is an enzyme with important functions in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. However, it is unclear whether circulating MMP2 levels may predict breast cancer risk. We conducted a prospective nested case-control analysis in the Nurses' Health Study among 1136 cases who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1992 and 2004 and 1136 matched controls. All participants provided blood samples in 1989-1990, and a subset (170 cases, 170 controls) contributed an additional sample in 2000-2002. Pre-diagnostic plasma MMP2 levels were measured via immunoassay, and conditional logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for breast cancer risk factors. No association was observed between plasma MMP2 levels and risk of total invasive breast cancer (top vs. bottom quartile, OR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.7, 1.2; ptrend = 0.89). Findings did not vary significantly by time since blood draw, body mass index, postmenopausal hormone use, or menopausal status at either blood draw or breast cancer diagnosis. MMP2 was associated with a greater risk of nodal metastases at diagnosis (top vs. bottom quartile, OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.2; p-heterogeneity, any vs. no lymph nodes = 0.002), but no significant associations were observed with other tumor characteristics or with recurrent or fatal cancers. Plasma MMP2 levels do not appear to be predictive of total invasive breast cancer risk, although associations with aggressive disease warrant further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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