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Start Over Author "Rezaee M" Publisher elsevier b.v.
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4. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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Schumacher, A. E., Kyu, H. H., Antony, C. M., Aravkin, A. Y., Azhar, G. S., Bisignano, C., Burkart, K., Cercy, K. M., Chung, E., Coberly, K., Comfort, H., Cousin, E., Culbreth, G. T., Cunningham, M., Weaver, N. D., Degenhardt, L., Deitesfeld, L., Dirac, M. A., Estep, K., Feigin, V. L., Flaxman, A. D., Flor, L. S., Force, L. M., Fuller, J. E., Gakidou, E., Hay, S. I., Ikuta, K. S., Jones, D. P., Kassebaum, N. J., Kassel, M. B., Keller, C., Kinzel, K. E., Krohn, K. J., Lozano, R., May, E. A., McKowen, A. W., McLaughlin, S. A., Mehlman, M. L., Mestrovic, T., Mokdad, A. H., Mosser, J. F., Mougin, V., Naghavi, M., Nesbit, O. D., Novotney, A., Ozten, Y., Pease, S. A., Pigott, D. M., Reiner, R. C., Robinson-Oden, H. E., Shaw, D. H., Slepak, E. L. N., Sorensen, R. J. D., Verghese, N. A., Vollset, S., Vongpradith, A., Vos, T., Wang, D., Watson, S., Weaver, M. R., Wells, K. M., Wilson, S., Wool, E. E., Zheng, P., Lim, S. S., Murray, C. J. L., Boyko, E. J., Chahine, Y., Kalani, R., Krishnamoorthy, V., Khalil, I. A., Minja, N. W., Morrison, S. D., Nafukho, F. M., Olivas-Martinez, A., Orellana, E., Tram, K., Aali, A., Rahnavard, N., Ahmadzade, A., Mohammad-Pour, S., Morovatdar, N., Pourali, G., Zafari, N., Abbafati, C., Cattaruzza, M. S., Abbas, J., Phillips, M. R., Abbasgholizadeh, R., Emamverdi, M., Friedman, J., Abbasi, M. A., Daneshvar, S., Dashti, M., Ghasemzadeh, A., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M., Doshmangir, L., Ghafourifard, M., Lotfi, M., Hosseini, M., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Kalankesh, L. R., Karimi, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Khalafi, M., Mirghafourvand, M., Mirinezhad, S., Heris, R. M., Mousavi, S., Kafil, H. S., Abbasian, M., Momenzadeh, K., Santos, F. C. D., Carr, S., Chi, G., Elgendy, I. Y., Feroze, A. H., Kempen, J. H., Kubeisy, C. M., Li, Z., Rohloff, P., Liu, X., Natto, Z. S., Olanipekun, T. O., Pigeolet, M., Pradhan, P. M. S., Zweck, E., Sharfaei, S., Sheikh, A., Abtahi, D., Salimi, S., Shakeri, A., Tajbakhsh, A., Aghamiri, S., Ahmadzade, M., Hashemi, M. B., Ajami, M., Asgary, S., Ghasemi, M., Hassanian-Moghaddam, H., Kolahi, A., Nikoobar, A., Heidari-Foroozan, M., Montazeri, F., Nejadghaderi, S., Rahmani, S., Ziaeefar, P., Hesami, H., Zahir, M., Jahankhani, K., Rasouli-Saravani, A., Jahanmehr, N., Kashani, H. K., Nasiri, M., Raee, P., Rezaee, M., Safi, S., Shool, S., Tabatabai, S., ElHafeez, S. A., Tantawi, M. E., Elmeligy, O. A. A., Ghazy, R. M., Talaat, I. M., Abdelmasseh, M., Sanabria, J., Abd-Elsalam, S., Abdelwahab, A., Abdollahi, M., Abolhassani, H., Rezaei, N., Saghazadeh, A., Ala, M., Noroozi, N., Bahri, R. A., Khatami, F., Ayyoubzadeh, S., Azadnajafabad, S., Keykhaei, M., Momtazmanesh, S., Mousavi, P., Behnoush, A., Farrokhpour, H., Karimi, H., Khalaji, A., Khanmohammadi, S., Mayeli, M., Mohammadi, S., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Fahimi, S., Malekzadeh, R., Mansouri, V., Sepanlou, S. G., Ghassemi, F., Haddadi, M., Kazemian, S., Khadembashiri, M., Khamesipour, F., Khavandegar, A., Khormali, M., Salamati, P., Kompani, F., Larijani, B., Mirdamadi, N., Seyedi, S., Malazy, O. T., Mahmoudi, E., Rashedi, S., Rad, E. M., Mansournia, M., Nasab, E. M., Mohammadshahi, M., Mostafavi, H., SeyedAlinaghi, S., Shafie, M., Shahbandi, A., Vahdani, A. M., Sharifan, A., Shirkoohi, R., Sohrabi, H., Tavangar, S., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdoun, M., Abdullahi, A., Awotidebe, A. W., Borodo, S. B., Gadanya, M. A., Ladan, M., Ali, M. U., Tyrovolas, S., Abdurehman, A. M., Debele, A. T., Getachew, T., Gudeta, M. D., Misgana, T., Sertsu, A., Abebe, M., Ayele, G. M., Afework, A., Lerango, T. L., Tebeje, T. M., Sibhat, M. M., Tesfaye, S. H., Abedi, A., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Salehi, S., Athari, S., Hanifi, N., Abegaz, T. M., Kifle, Z. D., Zuñiga, R. A. A., Abhilash, E. S., Abiodun, O. O., Aboagye, R. G., Amu, H., Ayanore, M. A., Dowou, R. K., Immurana, M., Klu, D., Orish, V. N., Carrero, J. J., Cederroth, C. R., Deuba, K., Laflamme, L., Fereshtehnejad, S., Kauppila, J. H., Abouzid, M., Abreu, L. G., Malta, D. C., Prates, E. J. S., Nascimento, B. R., Abrha, W. A., Weldemariam, A. H., Girmay, A., Abrigo, M. R. M., Rumeileh, S. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Aburuz, S., Ahmed, L. A., Alam, Z., Elbarazi, I., Grivna, M., Nauman, J., Khan, G., Khan, M. A., Zaki, N., Ahmad, M. M., Abu-Zaid, A., Temsah, R. M. H., Zand, R., Acuna, J. M., Gautam, P., Chowdhury, R., Adair, T., Jiang, H., Babu, A. S., Borschmann, R., Meretoja, A., Wijeratne, T., Addo, I. Y., Okeke, S. R., Dai, Z., Xu, X., Huda, M., Mitchell, P. B., Peden, A. E., Resnikoff, S., Sharma, S., Si, Y., Sitas, F., Ye, P., Adebayo, O. M., Aladelusi, T. O., Salami, A. A., Ilesanmi, O. S., Owolabi, M. O., Adegboye, O. A., Adekanmbi, V., AlBataineh, M. T., Almahmeed, W., Aden, B., Adepoju, A. V., Adetunji, C. O., Adeyeoluwa, T. E., Oyeyemi, I. T., Oyeyemi, O. T., Udoakang, A. J., Adeyomoye, O. I., Anuoluwa, I. A., Bello, O. O., Oluwafemi, Y. D., Ekundayo, T. C., Idowu, O. O., Oluwatunase, G. O., Afolabi, A. A., Ekholuenetale, M., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Olufadewa, I. I., Ibitoye, S. E., Okekunle, A. P., Adha, R., Adikusuma, W., Adibi, A., Chen, M., Hossain, M., Rasali, D. P., Pashaei, A., Adnani, Q. E. S., Postma, M. J., Adra, S., Barqawi, H. J., Dash, N. R., Halwani, R., Maghazachi, A. A., Saber-Ayad, M. M., Sharif-Askari, N. S., Ahmad, F., Saddik, B., Saleh, M. A., Alzoubi, K. H., Omar, H. A., Arumugam, A., Bustanji, Y., Elemam, N. M., Faris, M. E. M., Karim, A., Qaisar, R., Semreen, M. H., Soliman, S. S. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Afraz, A., Ilaghi, M., Nematollahi, M., Afyouni, S., Amindarolzarbi, A., Zandieh, G. G. Z., Columbus, A., Kamireddy, A., Shafaat, O., Kazemi, F., Vervoort, D., Zhang, H., Jamshidi, E., Afzal, S., Agasthi, P., Agodi, A., Barchitta, M., D'Amico, E., Maugeri, A., Veroux, M., Biondi, A., Isola, G., Vacante, M., Falzone, L., Libra, M., Agyemang-Duah, W., Nikpoor, A., Ahinkorah, B. O., Demant, D., Ahmad, A., Mustafa, G., Pathan, A. R., Tabish, M., Ahmad, D., Bagheri, N., Burns, R. A., Cherbuin, N., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Saxena, S., Beaney, T., Palladino, R., Rawaf, S., Mossialos, E., Rawaf, D. L., Ahmed, A., Siddig, E. E., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M. B., Shiferaw, D., Ashemo, M. Y., Gerema, U., Getachew, M. E., Bayileyegn, N. S., Mohamed, A. I., Eshetie, T. C., Tiruye, T. Y., Ahmed, S., Ali, H., Bodunrin, A. O., Tumurkhuu, M., Tung, K., Ubah, C. S., Aruleba, R. T., Aji, B., Ajumobi, O., Akalu, G. T., Beyene, H. B., Deribe, K., Ijo, D., Kassaw, N. A., Akara, E., Akinosoglou, K., Akkala, S., Asaad, M., Hassan, A. M., Bleyer, A., Akyirem, S., Bell, M. L., Song, Y., Etaee, F., Goldust, M., Li, W., Pawar, S., Hamad, H. A., Sathian, B., Hasan, S. A., Homsi, A. A., Almidani, O., Göbölös, L., Qadire, M. A., AL-Ahdal, T. M. A., Chen, S., Moazen, B., Alalalmeh, S. O., Hegazi, O. E., Shahwan, M. J., Shamsi, M. A., Zyoud, S. H., Al-Aly, Z., Wang, C., Alam, K., Alam, M., Al-Amer, R. M., Naik, G. R., Alanzi, T. M., Bah, S., Menezes, R. G., Alanezi, F. M., Albashtawy, M., Aldridge, R. W., Chung, S., Hossain, S., Kim, J., Kivimäki, M., Sunkersing, D., Umar, T., Zumla, A., Alemi, S., Al-Eyadhy, A., Temsah, M., Alhabib, K. F., ElGohary, G. M. T., Meo, S. A., Al-Gheethi, A. A. S., Kiross, G. T., Alhalaiqa, F. A. N., Al-Maweri, S. A. A., Alomari, M. A., Mohammed, M., Al-Hanawi, M. K., Binmadi, N., Malik, A. A., Samargandy, S., Ali, A., Khan, I., Sawyer, S. M., Ali, B. A., Ali, R., Ali, S. S., Ali, Z., Samakkhah, S. A., Alicandro, G., Alif, S. M., Maharjan, P., Rai, P., Hasan, M., Thapa, R., Thrift, A. G., Aligol, M., Alimi, R., Aliyi, A. A., Jema, A., Al-Jumaily, A., Hankey, G. J., Kujan, O., Mansour, A., Aljunid, S. M., Al-Sabah, S. K., Al-Marwani, S., Almazan, J. U., Poddighe, D., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Ariffin, H., Lim, L., Bandyopadhyay, S., Basnyat, B., Maude, R. J., Bennett, D. A., Browne, A. J., Dolecek, C., Dunachie, S. J., Newton, C. R. J., Rodriguez, J. A. B., Kheirallah, K. A., Alonso, N., Bensenor, I. M., Brunoni, A. R., Castaldelli-Maia, J., Peres, M. F. P., Wang, Y., Alqahtani, J. S., Alqutaibi, A., Altaf, A., Alvi, F. J., Nargus, S., Arooj, M., Latif, M., Shahid, S., Shahid, W., Ashraf, M., Riaz, M. A., Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Alwafi, H., Rehman, F., Al-Worafi, Y. M., Aly, H., Ali, A. H., Amare, A., Gill, T. K., Yadav, L., Noubiap, J., Opio, J., Mengesha, E. W., Ameyaw, E. K., Amhare, A., Lin, S., Amin, T. T., Elhabashy, H. R., Hassan, A., Dehkordi, J. A., Kabir, H., Amiri, S., Amugsi, D. A., Wado, Y. D., Amzat, J., Bello, M. B., Shittu, A., Aruleba, I. T., Ancuceanu, R., Andrei, C., Florin, B. T., Negoi, I., Serban, D., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Matei, C. N., Negoi, R. I., Anderlini, D., Begum, T., Kanmiki, E., Maravilla, J. C., Khan, A., Moni, M., Lalloo, R., McGrath, J. J., Veerman, L. J., Andrade, P. P., Busse, R., Mohammed, S., Andrei, T., Herteliu, C., Mirica, A., Otoiu, A., Petcu, I., Dima, A., Stefan, S., Angappan, D., Anil, A., Charan, J., Shamim, M., Singh, S., Varthya, S. B., Baskaran, P., Bhardwaj, P., Bhardwaj, N., Dixit, S. G., Krishna, H., Nayyar, A. K., Choudhary, R., Dixit, A., Misra, S., Mittal, M., Saravanan, A., Singh, M., Ram, P., Anjum, A., Antriyandarti, E., Anwar, S., Anyasodor, A. E., Appiah, S., Boampong, M. S., Aqeel, M., Arabloo, J., Eghdami, S., Panahi, P., Kabir, A., Salahi, S., Behnagh, A. K., Kasraei, H., Khodadoust, E., Latifinaibin, K., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Toroudi, H. P., Sarveazad, A., Zahedi, M., Moradi, M., Arab-Zozani, M., Ghalibaf, A. M., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Arafat, M., Araújo, A. M., Belo, L., Carvalho, F., Costa, V. M., da Silva, D. D., Silva, J. P., Carvalho, M., Cruz-Martins, N., Freitas, A., Vieira, R. J., Pinheiro, M., Ribeiro, A., Aremu, A., Odetokun, I. A., Aripov, T., Armocida, B., Unim, B., Sabbatucci, M., Artamonov, A. A., Artanti, K. D., Efendi, F., Purnobasuki, H., Wulandari, R. D., Arulappan, J., Chavula, M. P., Edvardsson, D., Orru, H., Fattahi, H., Asika, M. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Atout, M. M. W., Atreya, A., Attia, S., Aujayeb, A., Avan, A., Hachinski, V., Stranges, S., Bolarinwa, O. A., Ginindza, T. G., Ogunsakin, R. E., Quintanilla, B. A., Rahman, M., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Ortiz, A., Soriano, J. B., Catalá-López, F., Aziz, S., Azzam, A. Y., Babashahi, M., Bayati, M., Kouhanjani, M. F., Fazeli, P., Karajizadeh, M., Ghahramani, S., Sarikhani, Y., Shahabi, S., Iravanpour, F., Jafarinia, M., Oliaee, R. T., Ravangard, R., Razeghian-Jahromi, I., Roshanzamir, S., Mansoori, Y., Bakkannavar, S. M., Nayak, V. C., Holla, R., Kamath, A., Rao, M., Ligade, V. S., Rao, C. R., Shetty, R. S., Rao, I., Reshmi, B., Badar, M., Badawi, A., Bhutta, Z. A., Chattu, V., Malhotra, A. K., Mostofinejad, A., Shakil, H., Badiye, A. D., Bansal, H., Kapoor, N., Baghdadi, S., Bagherieh, S., Fatehizadeh, A., Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K., Sadeghi, M., Mirmosayyeb, O., Saber, K., Shafaat, A., Bahadorikhalili, S., Bai, J., Yu, C., Bai, R., Baker, J. L., Bako, A. T., Makram, O. M., Balakrishnan, S., Balogun, S. A., Singh, A., Tian, J., Jatau, A., Baltatu, O. C., Baltatu, O., Campos, L. A., Bam, K., Olaiya, M. T., Bhandari, D., Dalli, L. L., Banach, M., Banik, B., Banik, P. C., Barati, S., Saeedi, M., Bardhan, M., Barker-Collo, S. L., Beyene, K. A., Barone-Adesi, F., Barr, R. D., Kurmi, O. P., Mannan, F., Olagunju, A. T., Barrero, L. H., Basharat, Z., Bashir, A. I. J., Bashiru, H. A., Folayan, M. O., Bassat, Q., Basso, J. D., Silva, S., Rodrigues, M., Basu, S., Batra, K., Batra, R., Sharma, M., Baune, B. T., Bedi, N., Ghailan, K. Y., Khan, M., Halboub, E. S., Shanawaz, M., Sayeed, A., Siraj, M., Behboudi, E., Soleimani, H., Beiranvand, M., Ramirez, D. F. B., Malagón-Rojas, J. N., Belgaumi, U. I., Bello, A. K., Ebenezer, O., Eboreime, E., Umair, M., Beloukas, A., Lunevicius, R., Bendak, S., Benzian, H., Friedman, S. D., Peprah, E. K., Berezvai, Z., Berman, A. E., Bermudez, A. C., Loreche, A., Liu, S., Mohamed, M. F. H., Bettencourt, P. J. G., Bhagat, D. S., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhala, N., Dehbandi, R., Glasbey, J. C., Bhalla, A., Marasini, B. P., Paudel, U., Poudel, L., Bhardwaj, P. V., Bhargava, A., Kahe, F., Bhaskar, S., Bhat, V., Bhatti, G. K., Kalra, S., Bhatti, J. S., Senapati, S., Bhatti, M. S., Bhatti, R., Das, J. K., Bikbov, B., Bintoro, B., Bisulli, F., Golinelli, D., Guicciardi, S., Lenzi, J., Mazzotti, A., Muccioli, L., Sanmarchi, F., Violante, F. S., Biswas, A., Dhali, A., Biswas, R., Chen, L., Driscoll, T. R., Tang, H. K., Islam, S., Kandel, H., You, Y., Leigh, J., Singh, B. B., Visontay, R., Bitaraf, S., Kaydi, N., Eini, E., Khafaie, M. A., Sadeghian, S., Bjørge, T., Dadras, O., Wojewodzic, M. W., Bodolica, V., Bonny, A., Bora, K., Basara, B. B., Francis, K. L., Kerr, J. A., Carvajal, A. B., Bouaoud, S., Ouyahia, A., Boudalia, S., Lanfranchi, F., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Ding, D. D., Karanth, S. D., Naghavi, P., Brenner, H., Britton, G., Bulamu, N. B., Bulto, L. N., Foley, K. M., Jemere, D., Kaambwa, B., Mpundu-Kaambwa, C., Buonsenso, D., Villani, L., Nagaraja, S. B., Butt, Z. A., Cai, T., Calina, D., Cámera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. V., Rios-Blancas, M., Pando-Robles, V., Cao, C., Cardenas, C. A., Cárdenas, R., Carreras, G., Carugno, A., Castañeda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catapano, A. L., Damiani, G., Vecchia, C. L., Caye, A., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Hugo, F. N., Cembranel, F., Cenderadewi, M., Emeto, T. I., Obamiro, K. O., Cerin, E., Poudel, G. R., Guo, C., Sarkar, C., Yip, P., Cevik, M., Chacón-Uscamaita, P. R., Chirinos-Caceres, J. L., Chakraborty, C., Chan, J., Chang, C., Douiri, A., Wafa, H. A., Hbid, Y., Mazidi, M., Urso, D., Charalampous, P., Volovici, V., Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V., Johnson, O., Mathioudakis, A. G., Mughal, F., Cheema, H. A., Chen, A., Chen, H., Zhu, Z., Chew, D. S., Tonelli, M., Yang, L., Chitheer, A., Cho, S. J., Ebrahimi, A., Nguyen, D. H., Cho, W. C. S., Chong, B., Ma, S., Ramazanu, S., Tan, K., Venketasubramanian, N., Chopra, H., Mini, G., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Pantazopoulos, I., Pilgrim, T., Stortecky, S., Chu, D., Chukwu, I. S., Cini, K. I., Clark, C. C. T., Conde, J., Conti, S., Cortesi, P. A., Fornari, C., Mantovani, L. G., Ferrara, P., Cowden, R. G., Criqui, M. H., Cullen, P., Jarlais, D. C. D., Gunturu, S., Dadana, S., Dalal, Koustuv, Kurmanova, A., Guha, A., Qattea, I., Darwesh, A. M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Das, S., Dávila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., Leo, D. D., Delgado-Enciso, I., Delgado-Ortiz, L., Morawska, L., Demessa, B. H., Demetriades, A. K., Eze, U. A., Simpson, C. R., Verras, G., Deng, X., Dervenis, N., Patoulias, D., Desai, H. D., Desai, R., Devanbu, V. G. C., Dey, S., Perianayagam, A., Dhama, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Dhimal, M. L., Dhimal, M., Ghimire, S., Pandey, A., Dhingra, S., Diaz, D., Do, T. C., Pham, H., Do, T. H., Prado, C. B. D., Dodangeh, M., Dokova, K. G., Dorsey, E., Santos, W. M. D., Doshi, R., Dsouza, H. L., Rastogi, P., Shetty, B. K., Jeganathan, J., Joseph, N., Kumar, N., Mithra, P., Thapar, R., Reddy, M. M. R., Unnikrishnan, B., Dube, J., Dumith, S. C., Duraes, A. R., Pereira, M., Rasella, D., Duraisamy, S., Durojaiye, O. C., Oguta, J. O., Dutta, S., Dzianach, P. A., Gething, P. W., Sanna, F., Weiss, D. J., Kiss, J., McPhail, M. A., Rumisha, S. F., Lubinda, J., Saddler, A., Dziedzic, A. M., Tsermpini, E., Echieh, C. P., Ed-Dra, A., Edinur, H. A., Edvardsson, K., Efendi, D., Kusuma, D., Trihandini, I., Latief, K., Eikemo, T., Ekpor, E., Arab, R. A. E., Morsi, D. A. E., Zaki, M. E. S., Elshaer, M., Ramadan, H., Elgar, F. J., Mate, K. K. V., Ortiz-Brizuela, E., Rana, J., Nabhan, A. F., Samy, A. M., Elhadi, M., Elsohaby, I., Saad, A. M. A., Zeydi, A. E., Goudarzian, A., Taheri, A., Bain, L. E., Erkhembayar, R., Espinosa-Montero, J., Fabin, N., Fadaka, A. O., Okonji, O. C., Farinha, C. S. E., Faro, A., Ward, P., Fauk, N. K., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Kravchenko, M. A., Piradov, M. A., Fekadu, G., Huang, J., Zhong, C., Jin, Y., Fetensa, G., Ferrante, D., Ferreira, N., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Steinbeis, F., Flavel, J., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, B., Foschi, M., Sacco, S., Franklin, R. C., Vieira, R., Fukumoto, T., Gaal, P. A., Joo, T., Lám, J., Palicz, T., Pollner, P., Szócska, M., Gaihre, S., Gaipov, A., Galali, Y., Sadee, B. A., Galehdar, N., Baghani, A. N., Zandi, M., Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Gan, Q., Gandhi, A. P., Patil, A., Ganesan, B., Garg, J., Gau, S., Gautam, R. K., Gazzelloni, F., Gebregergis, M. W., Mehari, M., Negash, H., Gebrehiwot, M., Gebremariam, T. B., Yesuf, S. A., Miller, T. R., Ghajar, A., Ghanbarnia, M., Mahjoub, S., Mouodi, S., Gholamian, A., Tahbaz, S. 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O., Hussain, J., Ullah, S., Hussain, S., Hussein, N. R., Quan, N., Ilic, I. M., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Vujcic, I. S., Vukovic, R., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Iradukunda, A., Iregbu, K. C., Islam, M. R., Livingstone, K. M., Stokes, M. A., Islami, F., Ismail, N., Iwagami, M., McKee, M., Iwu, C. C. D., Malinga, L. A., Iwu-Jaja, C. J., Stein, D. J., Katoto, P. D., Mhlanga, L., Tamuzi, J. L., Iyer, M., Muthu, S., Merin, L., Sarode, G. S., Sarode, S. C., Jacob, L., Jacobsen, K. H., Jaggi, K., Jain, A., Jain, N., Jairoun, A. A., Jakovljevic, M., Yengejeh, R. J., Jani, C. T., Janko, M. M., Yao, Y., Jayapal, S., Jayaram, S., Jeong, W., Jha, A. K., Jha, R. P., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Zou, Z., Jomehzadeh, N., Mojiri-Forushani, H., Joseph, A., Park, S., Ramasamy, S., Joshua, C. E., Jozwiak, J. J., Jürisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kadashetti, V., Shivakumar, K. M., Varma, S. A., Kakodkar, P. V., Kaliyadan, F., Kanagasabai, T., Kanmodi, K. K., Kantar, R., Kantar, R. S., Karaye, I. M., Karna, A. K., Khubchandani, J., Kashoo, F. Z., Katamreddy, A., Katikireddi, S. V., Petermann-Rocha, F. E., Shiue, I., Kaur, N., Kayibanda, J., Kayode, G. A., Koren, G., Keikavoosi-Arani, L., Mardi, P., Shafiee, A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Kesse-Guyot, E., Touvier, M., Khajuria, H., Nayak, B. P., Munjal, K., Khalid, N., Khan, I. A., Parthasarathi, A., Khan, T., Teramoto, M., Zastrozhin, M. S., Suheb, M. Z. K., Khatab, K., Khidri, F., Khosrowjerdi, M., Khusun, H., Kim, G., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Lallukka, T., Zakham, F., Meretoja, T. J., Knudsen, A. S., Madsen, C., Kosen, S., Kostev, K., Kotnis, A. L., Koul, P. A., Laxminarayana, S. K., Yesodharan, R., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Rohilla, R., Sharma, V., Krishnamoorthy, Y., Rajaa, S., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Zeariya, M. G. M., Kuitunen, I., Kulimbet, M., Kulkarni, V., McPhail, S. M., Kumar, A., Kumar, H., Kumari, M., Upadhyay, E., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Mehra, R., Kusnali, A., Kutluk, T., Kuttikkattu, A., Kyriopoulos, I., Lahariya, C., Lahmar, A., Lai, D. T. C., Lai, D. T., Laksono, T., Mehrotra, R., Lal, D. K., Lamnisos, D., Lan, T., Langguth, B., Schlee, W., Lansingh, V. C., Laplante-Lévesque, A., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Le, L. K. D., Le, N., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, V. T., Le, T. T., Le, T. D. T., Lee, M., Lee, P. H., Tromans, S. J., Lee, S., Lee, S. W., Lee, W., Tat, V. Y., Lee, Y., Shin, M., Legesse, S. M., Leong, E., Li, M., Li, X., Li, Y., Likaka, A. T. M., Lioutas, V., Listl, S., Llanaj, E., Lo, C., Pepito, V. C. F., Lorenzovici, L., Lucchetti, G., Ma, Z., Mabrok, M., Machairas, N., Papadopoulou, P., Spartalis, M., Machoy, M., Gómez, J. A. M., Maharaj, S. B., Mahmoud, M. A., Mahmoudi, M., Malhotra, K., Malik, I., Mamun, A. A., Manla, Y., Marateb, H., Marconi, A. M., Marino, M., Marjani, A., Roshandel, G., Sajedi, S., Arnedo, C. A. M., Zakzuk, J., Martinez-Guerra, B. A., Martinez-Piedra, R., Martins, C. A., Martins-Melo, F. R., Martorell, M., Maryam, S., Marzo, R. R., Mazaheri, M., McAlinden, C., Mechili, E. A., Nikolouzakis, T. K., Meena, J. K., Prasad, C. P., Purohit, B. M., Sagar, R., Shankar, A., Mekonnen, M. M., Mendoza, W., Ntsekhe, M., Mentis, A. A., Mersha, A. M., Mesfin, B. A., Yesera, G. E., Mhlanga, A., Shah, N. S., Micha, G., Michalek, I., Mindlin, S. N., Skryabin, V. Y., Minelli, G., Mirutse, M. K., Mokhtarzadehazar, P., Valizadeh, R., Mittal, C., Mohamed, J., Mohamed, N. S., Olorukooba, A. A., Monasta, L., Ronfani, L., Zamagni, G., Moradi, Y., Moradpour, F., Moraga, P., Moreira, R. S., Morze, J., Khaneghah, A. M., Mrejen, M., Mubarik, S., Vart, P., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Mueller, U. O., Mukherjee, S., Mukoro, G. D., Mulita, A., Nena, E., Steiropoulos, P., Mulita, F., Ntaios, G., Muniyandi, M., Musaigwa, F., Puvvula, J., Musallam, K. M., Muthupandian, S., Myung, W., Nagarajan, A. J., Naik, G., Schwebel, D. C., Naimzada, M., Otstavnov, N., Nair, S., Nair, T. S., Najmuldeen, H. H., Naldi, L., Nangia, V., Nascimento, G. G., Naser, A. Y., Naveed, M., Nazri-Panjaki, A., Okati-Aliabad, H., Negero, A. K., Negru, S., Nejjari, C., Nepal, S., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, P. T., Alavi, S. R., Nigatu, Y. T., Nizam, M. A., Noreen, M., Norrving, B., Nri-Ezedi, C. A., Nuñez-Samudio, V., Nurrika, D., Oancea, B., Ofakunrin, A. O. D., Oh, I., Yon, D., Xu, B., Okidi, L., Okwute, P. G., Olatubi, M. I., Oliveira, G. M. M., Oliver, S., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Omer, G. L., Ong, S., Onyedibe, K. I., Ordak, M., Zielinska, M., Orisakwe, O. E., Ortiz-Prado, E., Osuagwu, U. L., Rana, K., Ouyang, G., Mahesh Padukudru, P. A., Rani, S., Manjula, M., Chandan, N. S., Padubidri, J., Varnosfaderani, M. P., Pal, P. K., Palladino, C., Taveira, N., Palma-Alvarez, R. F., Pana, A., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Patil, S., Pangaribuan, H. U., Panos, G. D., Pardhan, S., Parikh, R. R., Pasupula, D., Patel, J. R., Patel, S. K., Patthipati, V., Pedersini, P., Villafañe, J. H., Peng, M., Pensato, U., Pereira, G., Pereira, J., Shenoy, M. M., Perico, N., Remuzzi, G., Pezzani, R., Phillips, M., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Pierannunzio, D., Plakkal, N., Saya, G., Plotnikov, E., Poluru, R., Pond, C. D., Pourtaheri, N., Prada, S. I., Prajapati, V. K., Prakash, V., Prasad, M., Prashant, A., Qasim, N. H., Qian, G., Radfar, A., Radhakrishnan, V., Prajapati, V., Shahraki, H. R., Rafique, I., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahman, T., Rahmani, A., Rajput, P., Rancic, N., Ranjan, S., Rao, S., Rashedi, V., Rashid, A. M., Rasul, A., Ravikumar, N., Rawassizadeh, R., Redwan, E. M. M., Reyes, L. F., Rezaeian, M., Ribeiro, D. C., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Romadlon, D. S., Rostamian, M., Roy, B., Roy, P., Rubagotti, E., Rwegerera, G. M., Rynkiewicz, A., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Stockfelt, L., Salem, M. R., Saeed, U., Saber-Ayad, M., Sahoo, S. S., Verma, M., Singal, A., Singh, P., Sajid, M. R., Salaroli, L. B., Salem, M. Z. Y., Samara, K. A., Samuel, V. P., Sanadgol, N., Sanganyado, E., Sanjeev, R. K., Santri, I. N., Saravi, B., Sarmiento-Suárez, R., Sathish, T., Sleet, D. A., Sattin, D., Saulam, J., Sayeed, M., Talukder, A., Saylan, M., Schuermans, A., Eynde, J. V. D., Schwendicke, F., Šekerija, M., Selvaraj, S., Sengupta, P., Senthilkumaran, S., Sethi, Y., Shah, P. A., Shahid, I., Shaikh, M. A., Sham, S., Shamshad, H., Shamshirgaran, M., Shariff, M., Sharifi-Rad, J., Sharma, R., Shastry, R. P., Shavandi, A., Shey, R., Shayan, A., Shehabeldine, A. M. E., Shen, J., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J., Shiri, R., Shivarov, V., Shrestha, S., Shuja, K., Shuval, K., Silva, L. M. R., Simões, J. P., Singh, B., Sivakumar, S., Skryabina, A. A., Starodubova, A. V., Solmi, M., Solomon, Y., Tefera, Y. M., Soyiri, I., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Starnes, J. R., Varavikova, E., Sreeramareddy, C., Starodubov, V. I., Stroumpoulis, K., Suleman, M., Abdulkader, R. S., Sultana, A., Sun, J., Swain, C. K., Sykes, B. L., Szarpak, L., Szeto, M. D., Damavandi, P. T., Tabatabaeizadeh, S., Tabb, K. M., Taborda-Barata, L. M., Tabuchi, T., Tadesse, B. T., Abkenar, Y. T., Udoh, A., Soodejani, M. T., Taiba, J., Tang, H., Tat, N. Y., Teimoori, M., Thangaraju, P., Thankappan, K. R., Thomas, N., Thum, C. C., Tichopad, A., Ticoalu, J. H. V., Tohidast, S., Tran, N. M., Trico, D., Truong, V. T., Truyen, T. T., Ulhaq, I., Umeokonkwo, C. D., Umesh, A., Vaithinathan, A. G., Varga, O., Vasankari, T. J., Venugopal, D., Verma, P., Villanueva, G. I., Villeneuve, P. J., Vlassov, V., Vo, B., Volovat, S. R., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R. G., Wang, F., Wang, S., Zhang, C., Weerakoon, K. G., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Wen, Y., Woolf, A. D., Wu, D., Xiao, H., Yaghoubi, S., Yano, Y., Yonemoto, N., Yigit, A., Yigit, V., Younis, M. Z., Younis, M., Zadey, S., Zadnik, V., Zahid, M. N., Zaman, B. A., Zaman, S., Zamora, N., Zanghì, A., Zare, I., Zeng, Y., Zhai, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, Y., Zhou, J., and Zhu, B.

Abstract

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, ant

Published
2024
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14. Different strategies for the lipase immobilization on the chitosan based supports and their applications.

Author

Rafiee, F. and Rezaee, M.

Subjects
*LIPASES, *CHITOSAN, *IMMOBILIZED enzymes, *THERAPEUTIC immobilization, *PHYSISORPTION, *PROTEIN engineering
Abstract

Immobilized enzymes have received incredible interests in industry, pharmaceuticals, chemistry and biochemistry sectors due to their various advantages such as ease of separation, multiple reusability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, high activity and resistant to environmental changes. This review in between various immobilized enzymes focuses on lipase as one of the most practical enzyme and chitosan as a preferred biosupport for lipase immobilization and provides a broad range of studies of recent decade. We highlight several aspects of lipase immobilization on the surface of chitosan support containing various types of lipase and immobilization techniques from physical adsorption to covalent bonding and cross-linking with their benefits and drawbacks. The recent advances and future perspectives that can improve the present problems with lipase and chitosan such as high-price of lipase and low mechanical resistance of chitosan are also discussed. According to the literature, optimization of immobilization methods, combination of these methods with other techniques, physical and chemical modifications of chitosan, co-immobilization and protein engineering can be useful as a solution to overcome the mentioned limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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15. A Molecular Approach to Characterize the Effects of Fluence, Fluence Rate and LET on Radiation Damage.

Author

Rezaee, M., Sforza, D., Bunz, F., Yin, L., and Wong, J.W.

Subjects
*RADIATION damage, *SINGLE-strand DNA breaks, *DOUBLE-strand DNA breaks, *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of radiation, *WATER sampling, *RADIATION dosimetry
Abstract

Effects of fluence, fluence rate and LET on radiation damage are not resolved using traditional methods of measuring energy deposited by ionization events. The deficiency led to the use of empirical RBE factors in the clinical applications of particle therapy. The use of ionization dosimetry is similarly challenged when applied to development of radiation treatment at ultrahigh (FLASH) dose rate. This study reports a molecular method using plasmid DNA as a more comprehensive model for radiation dosimetry than ionization measurements. Aqueous solutions of purified supercoiled plasmid DNA, pUC19 (2686 bp), were prepared at different scavenging conditions and injected into 5x5x1 mm3 wells as detector elements. Irradiated samples were analyzed using base excision repair enzymes (Nth and Fpg) and gel electrophoresis to measure yields for DNA single and double strand breaks (SSB and DSB), and clustered lesions. The low LET characteristics of conventional radiation treatment was modeled using orthovoltage 150 kVp x-rays to deliver 2-110 Gy at 90 and 0.5 Gy/s. Higher LET irradiations in the range of 2 – 14 keV/μm were facilitated by measurements in the pristine Bragg peak region using synchrotron-produced 142.2 MeV protons to deliver dose at 2 - 160 Gy at 600 and 1 Gy/s. The DNA wells were inserted into a solid water equivalent phantom for proton irradiation. Only 4 wells could be positioned in the short Bragg peak region in water (∼ 2 cm). To alleviate the uncertainties due to rapidly varying dose and LET distributions, we innovated the use of a 3% water density (i.e., Styrofoam) medium to extend the Bragg peak region from 2 cm to 20 cm, enabling the placement of 20 well containers. Quantity and quality of molecular damage in the plasmid DNA model varies with fluence, fluence rate and LET of radiation. At high fluence (> 30 Gy) of low-LET radiations, the yields of DNA SSB and non-DSB clustered lesions depend on the fluence rate. These yields decrease by two times between ultrahigh and conventional dose rate irradiation. At a given fluence and fluence rate, the yields for the formation of DNA DSB and non-DSB clustered lesions increase linearly with LET. The low-density phantom allows significant (∼ 10 folds) increase in the number of sampling points and more accurate sample positioning at specific LET compared to water-equivalent phantom. Monte-Carlo track structure simulation of yields for different DNA lesions is being developed to model the molecular damage. In parallel, approaches to improve the sensitivity of the measurements to dose are being investigated. Our results suggest that a molecular-based approach can be used to differentiate the effects of fluence, fluence rate, and LET on radiation damage. The approach demonstrates the potential to improve on the modeling of radiation effects in biological systems than using measured ionization energy. Correlation of the molecular changes to biological outcome for in vitro and in vivo systems are under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Preparation and investigation of catalytic activity of a magnetic cu-complex immobilized on the histidine modified starch biopolymer.

Author

Rezaee, M., Rafiee, F., and Fardi, E.

Subjects
*BORONIC acids, *HISTIDINE, *CATALYTIC activity, *BIOPOLYMERS, *ETHYNYL benzene, *METHYL formate, *ARYL halides, *STARCH
Abstract

The magnetic starch oxide support was functionalized with alkylated histidine methyl ester to form a proper coordinative support for Cu ions immobilization. The prepared nanocomposite was utilized as an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of different 1,4-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles under mild reaction conditions. [Display omitted] In the present study, at first a magnetic starch oxide support that functionalized with histidine methyl ester was prepared. Then, histidine segments were alkylated with ethyl bromide to form imidazolium salts on this magnetic biopolymer hybrid. The successful synthesis of the prepared nanocomposite was proved by various analysis contain EDX, FE-SEM, FT-IR, VSM, ICP and XRD. The catalytic amount of this nanocomposite was accelerated coupling reaction of aryl boronic acids, NaN 3 and phenylacetylene for the synthesis of different 1,4-diaryl-1,2,3-triazoles with high yields at proper reaction times under mild reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. High-temperature flow characterization and microstructural evolution of Ti6242 alloy: Yield drop phenomenon.

Author

Rezaee, M., Zarei-Hanzaki, A., Mohamadizadeh, A., and Ghasemi, E.

Subjects
*TITANIUM alloys, *HIGH temperatures, *MICROSTRUCTURE, *DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics), *METAL compression testing, *STRAIN rate, *EFFECT of temperature on alloys
Abstract

The hot deformation behavior of Ti6242 alloy holding a duplex microstructure (primary α+transformed β) was investigated. This was performed through hot compressing the experimental material at temperatures in the range of 1000 °C to 1100 °C, where the alloy was in its single-phase β region. The hot deformations were conducted under different strain rates of 0.003, 0.03 and 0.3 s −1 up to the true strain of 0.7. The microstructural examinations reveal newly recrystallized grains, which were formed in the vicinity of initial β grain boundaries under all testing conditions. A yield drop phenomenon is observed during straining at the strain rates of 0.003 and 0.03 s −1 . However, a continuous yielding at early stages of deformation is characterized for the case of 0.3 s −1 . In the former condition, the yield drop phenomenon is considered to mask the typical flow softening behavior, which is commonly attributed to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). A numerical approach was employed to determine the effective alloying element in dislocation pinning and yield drop. The results indicate that the hot deformation activation energy at the upper yield points varies between 222 and 301 kJ/mol. The activation energy at lower strain rates is found to be equal to that of Al diffusion in β titanium. The atom distribution maps reveal that the aluminum atoms in the form of atom clusters play an important role in yield drop phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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21. On the removal of hexavalent chromium from a Class F fly ash.

Author

Huggins, F.E., Rezaee, M., Honaker, R.Q., and Hower, J.C.

Subjects
*HEXAVALENT chromium, *FLY ash leaching, *OXIDATION states, *CHEMICAL reduction, *X-ray absorption
Abstract

Coarse and fine samples of a Class F fly ash obtained from commercial combustion of Illinois bituminous coal have been exposed to two long-term leaching tests designed to simulate conditions in waste impoundments. ICP-AES analysis indicated that the coarse and fine fly ash samples contained 135 and 171 mg/kg Cr, respectively. Measurements by XAFS spectroscopy showed that the ash samples originally contained 5 and 8% of the chromium, respectively, in the hexavalent oxidation state, Cr(VI). After exposure to water for more than four months, the percentage of chromium as Cr(VI) in the fly-ash decreased significantly for the coarse and fine fly-ash in both tests. Combining the XAFS data with ICP-AES data on the concentration of chromium in the leachates indicated that, after the nineteen-week-long, more aggressive, kinetic test on the coarse fly ash, approximately 60% of the Cr(VI) had been leached, 20% had been reduced to Cr(III) and retained in the ash, and 20% remained as Cr(VI) in the ash. In contrast, during the six-month-long baseline test, very little Cr was actually leached from either the coarse or the fine fly-ash (<0.1 mg/kg); rather, about 66% and 20%, respectively, of the original Cr(VI) in the coarse and fine fly-ash was retained in the ash in that form, while the remainder, 34% and 80%, respectively, was reduced and retained in the ash as Cr(III). The results are interpreted as indicating that Cr(VI) present in Class F fly-ash can be reduced to Cr(III) when in contact with water and that such chemical reduction can compete with physical removal of Cr(VI) from the ash by aqueous leaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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22. Orthovoltage X-Ray Irradiator for Preclinical FLASH Studies.

Author

Rezaee, M. and Wong, J.W.

Subjects
*RADIOGRAPHIC films, *X-rays, *RADIOTHERAPY, *CABINET system, *ANIMAL culture
Abstract

Purpose/objective(s): Flash radiotherapy, the delivery of high radiation dose (> 10 Gy) at ultrahigh dose rates (> 37 Gy/s), has been shown to reduce significantly normal tissue toxicity compared to conventional irradiation, while maintaining tumor control probability at similar level. Great excitement has since ensued about the transformative potential of FLASH radiotherapy. At present, important FLASH research employs complex accelerator technologies of limited accessibilities. Here, we study the feasibility of a novel self-shielded x-ray irradiation cabinet system, as an enabling technology to enhance the preclinical research capabilities of the radiation research community.Materials/methods: The proposed system employs two commercially available high capacity 150 kVp fluoroscopy x-ray sources, RAD-44 or G-1592 tubes, with rotating anode technology in a parallel-opposed arrangement. Simulation was performed using a simulation toolkit. Simulated dosimetric properties of the x-ray beam for both FLASH and conventional dose-rate irradiations were characterized in terms of output, uniformity and symmetry as a function of SSD, beam current, exposure time, and external filters. Dose and dose rate from a single kV x-ray fluoroscopy source at various depths in solid water phantom were verified with measurements using radiographic films.Results: The parallel-opposed x-ray sources can deliver doses up to 67 Gy to a 20-mm thick water equivalent medium at FLASH dose-rates of 40 - 240 Gy/s. A uniform depth dose rate within ± 5% deviation is achieved over 8-12 mm in central region of the phantom. Conventional dose-rate irradiation (≤ 0.1 Gy/s) can also be achieved by reducing the tube current and increasing the distance between the phantom and tubes. Either the RAD-44 or G-1592 x-ray source can be used to deliver FLASH and conventional dose-rate irradiations with the field larger than 25 mm and up to 200 mm in length, respectively. These field dimensions are well suitable for small animal and cell culture irradiations. For FLASH irradiation using parallel-opposed source arrangement, entrance and exit doses can be increased by 30% compared to the dose at the phantom center. Beam angling can be employed to reduce the high surface doses by minimizing the beams overlap at the phantom surfaces. For a 10 × 10 mm2 field, for example, 26degree beam angle from vertical axis reduces the entrance dose by 39%, while maintaining FLASH dose rate of 118 Gy/s spanning in 8 mm thickness.Conclusion: It is feasible to achieve FLASH dose rate irradiation with kV x-rays using rotating anode x-ray sources in the parallel-opposed arrangement. The system is amendable to self-shielding and readily deployable. Availability of both FLASH and conventional dose rate irradiations in the same platform enables effective comparative research. A cabinet FLASH irradiation system will greatly enhance research in the regular laboratory setting to elucidate the important biological mechanism of the FLASH effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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27. Non-DSB clustered DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation are largely responsible for the loss of plasmid DNA functionality in the presence of cisplatin.

Author

Kouass Sahbani, S., Rezaee, M., Cloutier, P., Sanche, L., and Hunting, D.J.

Subjects
*DNA damage, *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of ionizing radiation, *PLASMIDS, *CISPLATIN, *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents
Abstract

Highlights: [•] The combination of cisplatin and ionizing radiation enhances cell toxicity. [•] Contribution of DSB and non-DSB cluster lesions to the cellular toxicity is unknown. [•] Yield for non-DSB cluster lesions is far larger than that for DSB by a factor of 26. [•] Non-DSB cluster lesions are responsible for the loss of functionality of cisplatin–DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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29. Mechanically induced polymorphic phase transformation in nanocrystalline TiO2 powder

Author

Rezaee, M. and Mousavi Khoie, S.M.

Subjects
*NANOCRYSTALS, *PHASE transitions, *POLYMORPHISM (Crystallography), *TITANIUM dioxide, *MECHANICAL alloying, *POWDER metallurgy, *RIETVELD refinement, *CHEMICAL kinetics
Abstract

Abstract: Microstructural evolution of nanocrystalline TiO2 powders during mechanical milling was evaluated via Rietveld refinement method. Fully anatase phase nanocrystalline TiO2 powders were mechanically milled using a high-energy planetary ball mill. Milling the powders, employing two types of balls with different sizes, and annealing at three different temperatures, led to the formation of equiaxed nanocrystalline TiO2 powders with the mean crystallite size in the range of 10–80nm, based on the Rietveld refinement results. According to the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results, it was found that phase structure, composition, and crystallite size of the resulting particles were dependent on annealing temperature. The transformation kinetics is properly described by the standard first-order model of Avrami–Erofeev equation with activation energy of E =28kJ/mol which implies at the random nucleation of rutile phase on the surface of anatase crystallites followed by an instantaneous growth of the nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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30. Petrophysical data prediction from seismic attributes using committee fuzzy inference system

Author

Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi, Ali, Rezaee, M. Reza, Rahimpour-Bonab, Hossain, and Chehrazi, Ali

Subjects
*FUZZY systems, *PREDICTION models, *SEISMOLOGY, *ARTIFICIAL neural networks, *GENETIC algorithms, *PROBABILISTIC number theory, *MATHEMATICAL models, *AVERAGING method (Differential equations)
Abstract

Abstract: This study presents an intelligent model based on fuzzy systems for making a quantitative formulation between seismic attributes and petrophysical data. The proposed methodology comprises two major steps. Firstly, the petrophysical data, including water saturation (Sw ) and porosity, are predicted from seismic attributes using various fuzzy inference systems (FISs), including Sugeno (SFIS), Mamdani (MFIS) and Larsen (LFIS). Secondly, a committee fuzzy inference system (CFIS) is constructed using a hybrid genetic algorithms-pattern search (GA-PS) technique. The inputs of the CFIS model are the outputs and averages of the FIS petrophysical data. The methodology is illustrated using 3D seismic and petrophysical data of 11 wells of an Iranian offshore oil field in the Persian Gulf. The performance of the CFIS model is compared with a probabilistic neural network (PNN). The results show that the CFIS method performed better than neural network, the best individual fuzzy model and a simple averaging method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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31. The role of the diluent phase in the mechanochemical preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles

Author

Salari, M., Rezaee, M., Marashi, S.P.H., and Aboutalebi, S.H.

Subjects
*TITANIUM dioxide, *NANOPARTICLES, *MECHANICAL chemistry, *CHEMICAL milling, *AGGLOMERATION (Materials), *PHASE equilibrium, *PARTICLE size distribution
Abstract

Abstract: Anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via mechanochemical reaction and subsequent annealing of the products. TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the use of planetary ball milling of titanyl sulphate (TiOSO4.xH2O.yH2SO4) and NaCl powders as the reactant and diluent phases, respectively. In this paper, the effect of volume fraction of diluent phase (NaCl) on the particle size distribution and agglomeration of TiO2 nanoparticles is studied. Final products were obtained by annealing the milled powders at 700 °C for half an hour and subsequent washing out the water-soluble NaCl. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) investigations showed that the increase in NaCl:TiOSO4 weight ratio (NTR) leads to the formation of nanocrystalline anatase and rutile particles with more uniform size distribution, lower weight ratio of rutile phase and lower agglomeration of particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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32. A committee neural network for prediction of normalized oil content from well log data: An example from South Pars Gas Field, Persian Gulf

Author

Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi, Ali, Rezaee, M. Reza, and Rahimpour-Bonab, Hossain

Subjects
*ARTIFICIAL neural networks, *GENETIC algorithms, *ALGORITHMS, *COMBINATORIAL optimization
Abstract

Abstract: Normalized oil content (NOC) is an important geochemical factor for identifying potential pay zones in hydrocarbon source rocks. The present study proposes an optimal and improved model to make a quantitative and qualitative correlation between NOC and well log responses by integration of neural network training algorithms and the committee machine concept. This committee machine with training algorithms (CMTA) combines Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian regularization (BR), gradient descent (GD), one step secant (OSS), and resilient back-propagation (RP) algorithms. Each of these algorithms has a weight factor showing its contribution in overall prediction. The optimal combination of the weights is derived by a genetic algorithm. The method is illustrated using a case study. For this purpose, 231 data composed of well log data and measured NOC from three wells of South Pars Gas Field were clustered into 194 modeling dataset and 37 testing samples for evaluating reliability of the models. The results of this study show that the CMTA provides more reliable and acceptable results than each of the individual neural networks differing in training algorithms. Also CMTA can accurately identify production pay zones (PPZs) from well logs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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36. P268 - Oncologic outcomes in patients with variant histologies of upper tract urothelial cancer: Results from an international multicenter cohort.

Author

Pallauf, M., Fletcher, S.A., Rezaee, M., Roupret, M., Boorjian, S.A., Potretzke, A.M., Djaladat, H., Ghoreifi, A., Soria, F., Mari, A., Campi, R., Khene, Z-E., Kikuchi, E., Rink, M., Fujita, K., D'Andrea, D., Boormans, J.L., Ploussard, G., Breda, A., and Abdollah, F.

Subjects
*TRANSITIONAL cell carcinoma, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *HISTOLOGY
Published
2024
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38. Investigating the Roles of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Program in Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumorigenesis and Chemoradiation Response.

Author

Nguyen, T., Chang, J.H., Gabrielson, K., Shetty, A.C., Song, Y., Lafargue, A., Jagtap, S., Council, D.N., Chan, A., Chowdhury, D.D., Khan, M. Ajmal, Connis, N., Carrieri, F.A.A., Imada, E., Sforza, D., Gardner, E., McFarland, C., Marchionni, L., Rezaee, M., and Hann, C.

Subjects
*SMALL cell lung cancer, *TRANSCRIPTION factors, *CANCER invasiveness, *PHENOTYPIC plasticity, *EPITHELIAL-mesenchymal transition
Abstract

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive and deadly malignancy. Two major factors contributing to the high mortality of SCLC are early metastasis and rapid development of therapy resistance. Recent research suggests upregulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and the EMT transcription factor Twist1 correlated with accelerated tumor progression and chemoradiation (CRT) resistance in SCLC. However, a causal relationship between EMT and Twist1 and these aspects of SCLC biology has not been rigorously studied. Here, we investigated whether EMT and Twist1 upregulation could promote SCLC tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to CRT. To investigate the roles of EMT in SCLC biology, we have generated a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) termed RPGT (Rb1Flox; Trp53Flox; ROSA26LSL-rtTA-IRES-EGFP; Twist1-TetO 7 -Luc). The RPGT GEMM enables the generation of autochthonous SCLC tumors after induction with Cre recombinase adenovirus. By withdrawing or providing doxycycline to mice, we can control Twist1 expression to activate or inactivate EMT in tumors. By characterizing mouse tumor samples with histological, immunostaining, and transcriptomic profiling analyses, we evaluated the impact of Twist1 and EMT upregulation on SCLC tumor biology and plasticity as well as metastatic spread and outgrowth. To evaluate the impact of EMT activation on SCLC sensitivity to CRT, we performed in vitro viability assays on primary tumor cell lines established from RPGT tumors. We also treated RPGT mice with vs. without Twist1 overexpression with CRT to validate our in vitro data. We observed that both control (no Twist1 overexpression) and Twist1-overexpressing RPGT mice developed neuroendocrine SCLC tumors. While SCLC-A was the predominant subtype in both cohorts, RPGT tumors exhibited more plasticity, with features associated with the SCLC-N and SCLC-I subtypes. Furthermore, Twist1 overexpression dramatically increased the metastatic incidence in RPGT compared to control animals, indicating an important role of EMT in SCLC dissemination. Transcriptomic profiling of primary tumors and matching metastases in RPGT mice also revealed downregulation of Twist1 and EMT in metastases, suggesting that EMT suppression was necessary for metastatic outgrowth. Furthermore, we found that repressing Twist1 expression enhanced SCLC susceptibility to CRT both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our data suggest that the EMT program plays an important role in promoting SCLC plasticity, metastasis, and resistance against CRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Impact of TWIST1 Transactivation Domain towards Oncogene-Induced Senescence Suppression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Author

Lafargue, A., Wang, H., Thiruganasambandam, S., Gajula, R.P., Shetty, A.C., Song, Y., Simons, B.W., Nguyen, T., Connis, N., Chowdhury, D.D., Chang, J.H., Council, D.N., Taparra, K., Rezaee, M., Zachara, N., Morris, Z., McFarland, C., Abdulkadir, S.A., Hann, C.L., and Tran, P.T.

Subjects
*NON-small-cell lung carcinoma, *TRANSCRIPTION factors, *EPITHELIAL-mesenchymal transition, *LUNG tumors, *DNA repair
Abstract

Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a major cause of cancer mortality. High expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factor TWIST1 is strongly associated with metastatic cancers and treatment resistance. Additionally, TWIST1 can upregulate O-GlcNAcylation which (1) is required to suppress fail-safe programs such as oncogene (KRasG12D)-induced senescence (OIS) to accelerate tumorigenesis in primary NSCLC tumors, and (2) is a potential modulator of DNA repair/radiation response. We hypothesized that the transactivation function of TWIST1 and downstream target programs are critical in the promotion of tumorigenicity and radioresistance. We created a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) allowing tetracycline-inducible expression in the lung epithelium (via lung specific CCSP-reverse tetracycline transactivator (C)) of KRasG12D (R) with Twist1 wt (T) or with Twist1F191G transactivation-null mutant (F). We also created non-cancer Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell (HBEC) co-expressing HRasG12V oncogene with human TWIST1wt (HBEC- HRasG12V-TWIST1wt) or transactivation-null TWIST1F187G mutant (HBEC- HRasG12V-TWIST1F187G). CRT mice had shorter tumor-free survival and more aggressive tumors compared to CR/CRF mice indicating that the Twist1 transactivation domain is required for Twist1 -dependent tumorigenesis acceleration. Also, Twist1 wt expression promoted radioresistance in cell lines and GEMMs. Contrary to CRT, CRF showed a progressive loss of TWIST1F191G expression over time suggesting no functionality/no selective advantage. CRT lung tumors had higher proliferation (Ki67) and lower cell-cycle arrest (p16) compared to CR/CRF suggesting that the transactivation domain of Twist1 is important for OIS suppression. Supporting these data, we observed in HBEC that the co-expression of TWIST1wt could suppress HRasG12V -induced senescence while TWIST1F187G mutant could not. HBEC- HRasG12V-TWIST1wt also sustained tumorigenic/invasive programs. Interestingly, we observed that O-GlcNAcylation inhibition rescued OIS in HBEC- HRasG12V - TWIST1wt while O-GlcNAcylation stimulation in HBEC -HRasG12V - TWIST1F187G suppressed OIS. Importantly, TWIST1wt modulated MYC downstream targets, and MYC activity inhibition in HBEC- HRasG12V - TWIST1wt using the novel MYC inhibitor MYCi975 also rescued OIS induction. Altogether, these results suggest that TWIST1 may suppress OIS via MYC signaling and nominate MYCi975 as a means to activate latent OIS programs. MYC inhibiting strategies could serve as a therapeutic sensitizer for TWIST1-expressing NSCLC. This work and our future studies on TWIST1 on the control of OIS, O-GlcNAcylation, and radioresistance mechanisms may help to identify new potential NSCLC therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Investigating the Role of TNIK in the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Author

Chang, J.H., Chowdhury, D.D., Council, D.N., Nguyen, T., Jagtap, S., Chan, A., Khan, M. Ajmal, Connis, N., Torres-Ayuso, P., Brognard, J., Rezaee, M., Lafargue, A., Hann, C.L., and Tran, P.T.

Subjects
*SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma, *REPORTER genes, *GENETICS, *LABORATORY mice, *CHIMERISM
Abstract

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most prevalent type of lung cancer with no FDA-approved targeted therapies. Platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy remain the cornerstone of current treatments for advanced LSCC, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%. Amplification of chromosome 3q26 is the most common genomic alteration in LSCC and this leads to the overexpression of oncogenic kinases like TNIK. TNIK amplification occurs in approximately 40% of LSCC cases and is associated with tumorigenesis and therapy resistance in other cancers. However, the role of TNIK in LSCC tumorigenesis and therapeutic potential is largely unexplored. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are a gold standard in studying tumor progression in vivo , but the development of GEMMs for LSCC has been challenging due to its complex genetics as no single driver oncogene has been validated in LSCC. Deletion of Fbxw7 with simultaneous activation of KrasG12D (KF model) generates both lung adenocarcinoma and LSCC within 9-12 weeks. Our goal was to generate a novel conditional Tnik -overexpressing LSCC mouse model to better understand the role of TNIK in tumor progression and therapy resistance in LSCC and elucidate mechanisms underlying LSCC pathogenesis. We created a novel conditional Tnik -overexpressing genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) where Tnik overexpression can be induced by Cre-recombinase. We are crossing our novel Tnik -overexpressing GEMM to KF model of mixed adenocarcinoma and LSCC lung tumors to generate Tnik -overexpressing LSCC GEMM. Mouse Tnik cDNA was placed under the control of a CAG promoter to ensure strong ubiquitous expression in vivo. A loxP-flanked Stop cassette was inserted between the promoter and Tnik. In addition, the tdTomato fluorescent reporter gene was placed downstream following an IRES element. This entire transgene was inserted into the Rosa26 locus using the Rosa Quick Knock-in™ technology and the targeting vector was transfected following electroporation into ES cells. Selected ES cell clones were assessed by PCR and sequencing validated the correct recombination event and were injected in blastocysts to generate highly chimeric males (chimerism rate above 50%). Germline transmission was confirmed, and Tnik -overexpression was confirmed in vivo in a Cre recombinase-specific fashion. We will present validation studies such as histological and molecular profiling of our conditional Tnik -overexpressing GEMM and initial data on the Tnik -overexpressing LSCC GEMM. One major limitation for therapeutic development in LSCC is the lack of animal models with pure squamous histology and patient relevant mutant genotypes. Our novel Tnik -overexpressing GEMM will help us to understand better the biology of LSCC and provide new potential treatment options for LSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Preclinical FLASH-SARRP System: Initial Experience on Small Animal Setup and Workflow.

Author

Sforza, D., Tajikmansoury, M., Wong, J.W., Iordachita, I., and Rezaee, M.

Subjects
*RADIOGRAPHIC films, *IONIZATION chambers, *X-ray computed microtomography, *THREE-dimensional imaging, *IMAGING systems
Abstract

A novel self-shielded preclinical FLASH x-ray cabinet, FLASH-SARRP, has recently developed at Johns Hopkins University for in vivo and in vitro study of FLASH effects. Here, we characterize dosimetric commissioning of the system and develop image-guided animal setup for head and neck, thorax, and abdomen irradiation of a mouse subject. FLASH-SARRP utilizes two high-power rotating anode x-ray sources with 150 kVp potential installed in parallel-opposed geometry. To achieve ultrahigh dose-rates (> 40 Gy/s), 30 mm separation distance was set between x-ray tube housings. This distance is sufficient to accommodate a 20-mm thick phantom, representing a mouse thickness, and 5-mm working space between the phantom surfaces and tube housings. Dosimetric performance was evaluated using in-air and in-phantom measurement by calibrated ion chambers, TLD-100 dosimeter and EBT3/XD films. Animal setup was implemented utilizing custom-designed (in-house) micro-CT as offline 3D imaging system for FLASH-SARRP. Docking system with different beds was designed for mice imaging and irradiation based on required field dimension and irradiation sites including eye, brain, tongue, skin, lung, and pancreas. The docking system could accommodate mice with reproducible immobilization using robber bands for extremities and tail with an adjustable bite-bar and nose cone including a thumbscrew locking mechanism. The bed also included multiple holes for fiducial insertion. The design of docking system supported integration of the bed with immobilized mouse into both the micro-CT and FLASH-SARRP systems. A single x-ray source was utilized to image the mouse on radiographic films for comparison with digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) from micro-CT. Double exposure 2D imaging technique was utilized for the verification of radiation field placement. FLASH and conventional dose rates at the standard animal setup was in ranges of 40–110 Gy/s and 0.5–2.8 Gy/s respectively. Beam output was highly linear (r2>0.99) with exposure time and current, allowing for precise adjustment of dose and dose-rate. Negligible discrepancy (< 1 mm) in the distance between bony landmarks and fiducials was found in the transfer of docking system with immobilized mouse from micro-CT to FLASH-SARRP. These results suggest robustness of the docking system for mouse positioning and immobilization across different irradiation sites. Total thickness of immobilized mouse with bed and docking system was in the range of 15 – 20 mm, depending on the age of mouse, which supported animal setup within 30 mm separation distance between two x-ray tube housings. FLASH-SARRP system have desirable dosimetric performance for small animal irradiation at both FLASH and conventional dose rate irradiation. Inter-comparison of DRR from micro-CT and radiographic films from FLASH-SARRP verified robustness of the docking system for accurate and reproducible positioning of the mouse in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Comparison of Post Treatment Hematologic Changes between FLASH and Conventional Dose Rate Murine Brain Irradiation.

Author

Aziz, K., Sforza, D., Tajik-Mansoury, E., Rezaee, M., and Kleinberg, L.R.

Subjects
*RADIOGRAPHIC films, *HEMATOXYLIN & eosin staining, *LYMPHOCYTE count, *CABINET system, *CELL populations
Abstract

Radiation induced lymphopenia has an inverse correlation with treatment response in several disease sites including brain. The mechanism of this well-established clinical phenomenon remains poorly understood. The volume of blood flowing through a radiation field could in fact play a crucial role in death of radiosensitive lymphocytes. We hypothesize FLASH RT reduces lymphocyte killing due to the significantly shorter treatment time and therefore smaller volume of blood transiting through treatment field while radiation dose is being delivered. Particularly in the poorly immunogenic brain microenvironment, improved sustenance of lymphocyte counts may provoke a more robust immune response and therefore superior tumor cell clearance. The Department of Radiation Oncology at Johns Hopkins Physics division developed and built a novel irradiation system, named FLASH kV x-ray cabinet system for preclinical laboratory research (FLASH-SARRP). The system is able to deliver ultra-high dose rates from greater than 100 Gy/s as well as conventional dose rates of 1.0 Gy/s. A custom designed docking system was developed to reproducibly position and immobilize mouse for stereotactic radiation of the brain using parallel opposed x-ray sources. Dose and dose rate measurements were performed with calibrated radiographic film in solid water with 0.025 mm additional copper filter. Healthy 8 weeks old C57BL6J mice were then irradiated with either single fraction of 16 ± 0.8 Gy or 4 Gy x 10 fractions at dose rates of 80 ± 4.0 Gy/s. Peripheral blood was collected at various time points to assess nadir of specific populations of immune cells utilizing routine CBC as well as flow cytometry. Serum was collected for immune cytokine profiling. At necropsy, histopathological changes will be assessed through H&E staining of harvested brain (n = 6 per arm). Conventional radiation was delivered using identical set up on conventional SARRP platform at the dose rate of 0.05 Gy/s. We describe the technology and implementation of small animal partial brain x-ray FLASH radiotherapy. FLASH-SARRP system provides kV x-rays at FLASH dose rates to the entire target volume in the mouse brain. Average dose-rate in the irradiated volume was 79.2±2.1Gy/s corresponding to the 10 mm depth in the immobilized mouse brain. Average delivered dose at the depth was comparable to the SARRP platform. Total treatment durations were 344 s and 0.2 s for conventional and FLASH RT, respectively. Characterization of lymphopenia and cytokine profiling is currently in progress. We have successfully designed a high-precision platform to study partial brain x-ray FLASH effects in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Synthesis of wide band gap nanocrystalline NiO powder via a sonochemical method

Author

Mohseni Meybodi, S., Hosseini, S.A., Rezaee, M., Sadrnezhaad, S.K., and Mohammadyani, D.

Subjects
*ORGANIC synthesis, *WIDE gap semiconductors, *NANOCRYSTALS, *NICKEL compounds, *POWDER metallurgy, *METALLIC oxides, *SONOCHEMISTRY, *ULTRASONIC waves, *LUMINESCENCE spectroscopy, *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy, *PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
Abstract

Abstract: A sonochemistry-based synthesis method was used to produce nanocrystalline nickel oxide powder with ∼20nm average crystallite diameter from Ni(OH)2 precursor. Ultrasound waves were applied to the primary solution to intensify the Ni(OH)2 precipitation. Dried precipitates were calcined at 320°C to form nanocrystalline NiO particles. The morphology of the produced powder was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Using sonochemical waves resulted in lowering of the size of the nickel oxide crystallites. FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed high purity well-crystallized structure of the synthesized powder. Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed production of a wide band-gap structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2012
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46. Application of a new parametric model-based filter to knock intensity measurement

Author

Ettefagh, M.M., Sadeghi, M.H., Rezaee, M., Khoshbakhti, R., and Akbarpour, R.

Subjects
*MATHEMATICAL models, *PARAMETER estimation, *PHYSICAL measurements, *STOCHASTIC processes, *VIBRATION (Mechanics), *SIGNAL processing, *SPARK ignition engines
Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, a new parametric model-based filter is proposed for impact-induced fault intensity measurement. The filter designing steps are based on advanced parametric modeling and decomposition of the non-stationary random vibration signals, extracted from a mechanical system. One of the important innovations of this work throughout filter designing is proposing a method for identifying the most proper latent component of the signal in the undamaged state using instant modules of the signal. By considering this fact that knock is one of the important defects in the spark ignition engines, the proposed filter is applied for knock intensity measurement as a case study. For evaluation purpose, the proposed method is compared with other previous methods in literatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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48. Preclinical Research Platform for Ocular FLASH Irradiation.

Author

Miles, D., Sforza, D., Cano, M., Handa, J., Wong, J.W., and Rezaee, M.

Subjects
*RADIATION injuries, *RADIOGRAPHIC films, *IRRADIATION, *VISION, *HEMATOXYLIN & eosin staining, *PATHOLOGICAL physiology, *EYE
Abstract

Normal tissue sparing effects from FLASH radiotherapy (RT) are potentially transformative for the treatment of ocular cancers. Reducing damage to the abundant at-risk structures within the eye can prospectively increase visual retention rates, relax treatment margins, and eliminate the need for motion tracking by surgically implanted fiducials. To date, no prior work has explored FLASH-RT effects in the context of the eye. In this work, we have conducted a pilot study of x-ray FLASH effects for ocular irradiation in a preclinical mouse model by measuring the functional and pathological changes in healthy eyes following FLASH or conventional (CONV) dose rate irradiation. An immobilization device was designed to enable focal irradiation to a single mouse eye using a FLASH-capable rotating anode x-ray tube. A 5 mm diameter lead collimator was manufactured to encompass the 3 mm target of the entire eye. Dose and dose rate measurements were performed with calibrated radiographic EBT3 films. Cone-beam CTs were acquired of four C57BL6J mice in immobilization to confirm setup reproducibility, quantified by the mean Hausdorff distance between bone segmentations. Healthy 8-week-old C57BL6J mice were irradiated with 150 kVp x-rays to doses of 21 Gy or 34 Gy at FLASH (right eye) and CONV (left eye) dose rates, respectively. Both eyes were irradiated to limit the influence of varying baseline vision between animals in our analysis. Visual acuity was assessed in 3 mice per dose level using scotopic electroretinography (ERG) up to 2 months post irradiation. Histopathological changes were assessed through H&E staining of harvested eyes. Mouse setup in our immobilization device was highly reproducible, with a mean Hausdorff distance of 0.34 ± 0.10 mm. Measured dose rates within the field were 67.0 ± 1.9 Gy/s and 1.2 ± 0.1 Gy/s at FLASH and CONV settings, respectively. ERGs revealed that FLASH-irradiated eyes at 21 Gy retained visual function up to 2 months post irradiation, while 21 Gy CONV induced blindness at all sampled time points with more severe surrounding skin effects. At 34 Gy, all eyes were blinded within 1 week, with comparable skin toxicities in the irradiated areas regardless of dose rate. Pathological assessment showed a loss of the photoreceptor layer of the retina from CONV irradiation, which remained intact in FLASH-treated mice. We have developed a novel platform to study x-ray FLASH effects from ocular irradiation in mice. Functional ERG assay revealed a preservation of visual function from 21 Gy at FLASH dose rates that was not present from 21 Gy CONV. Differential damages between FLASH and CONV irradiations were confirmed through histopathology. This first demonstration of FLASH normal tissue sparing effects in a mouse eye model presents a unique and promising translation opportunity for clinical FLASH treatment. Further studies are ongoing to explore the long-term effects of FLASH radiation on vision and its efficacy on intraocular tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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49. FLASH Effects Induced by kV X-Rays in a Murine Skin Model.

Author

Miles, D., Sforza, D., Wong, J.W., Siddiqui, I., Tran, P.T., and Rezaee, M.

Subjects
*X-rays, *RADIOGRAPHIC films, *ELECTRON accelerators, *PROTON accelerators, *BALDNESS
Abstract

Current research on FLASH dose rate radiotherapy is predominantly performed with advanced proton or electron accelerators of limited access to the laboratory researcher. Stationary anode orthovoltage x-ray irradiators would be desirable but are currently incapable of supporting the power requirements to operate at FLASH dose rates. In this study, we investigate the use of rotating anode x-ray tubes to overcome these limitations. We present the dosimetric characterization of a rotating anode x-ray system for laboratory FLASH research and its implementation for a pilot study of radiation skin toxicities in mice. A high-capacity rotating anode x-ray tube was installed in our laboratory with a 75-kW generator, operating at 150 kVp with 0.025 mm Cu added filtration. Calibrated radiographic film was irradiated at varying depths in kV solid water to measure output, beam profiles, and depth-dose parameters (PDD). A variety of wild-type mice (GR/GRT, CMV) were irradiated to the hind flank to 38 or 48 Gy at the highest achievable dose rate (FLASH-IR). Conventional dose rate irradiations (CONV-IR) to the same doses were performed at 3 Gy/min using a 220 kVp x-ray irradiator. Visible skin toxicities were assessed weekly and quantified using a skin scoring scale for endpoints of hair loss, erythema, and ulceration (n= 7 per dose at each dose rate). At 8-weeks post irradiation, skin samples were harvested and stained with H&E to assess pathological changes from FLASH-IR or CONV-IR x-rays. Dose rates peaked at 101 Gy/s in the cathode side of the radiation field from anode heel effects. The total field size at 46 mm SSD was 20 × 20mm2. A useable region of 10 × 20 mm2 for FLASH studies was defined as the cathode-half of the field, with an average dose rate of 96.1 ± 2.8 Gy/s. The PDD within this region falls to 67% at 5mm depth in solid water and 51% at 10 mm. At 4 weeks post irradiation, CONV-IR mice saw hair loss and erythema in the entire irradiated region, while all FLASH-IR mice retained hair in-field with no change in skin condition. By 8 weeks post irradiation, skin effects in all FLASH-IR mice did not progress beyond hair loss in field, while all CONV-IR mice had progressed to more severe skin toxicities. Pathological assessments are ongoing. Early analysis shows higher frequency of ulceration, dermis hyperplasia, and fibrosis from CONV-IR than FLASH-IR. This study presents the first observation of FLASH effects induced by a single pulse of kV x-rays in an animal skin toxicity model. FLASH dose rates requisite for preclinical research are achievable with kV x-rays using rotating anode technology. X-ray FLASH effects in skin occur at comparable doses to those published for FLASH electrons and protons. The use of a single x-ray pulse suggests that average dose rate is the necessary condition, in contrast to fine pulse structure, for the induction of FLASH effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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50. Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles via a novel mechanochemical method

Author

Salari, M., Mousavi khoie, S.M., Marashi, P., and Rezaee, M.

Subjects
*TITANIUM dioxide, *NANOPARTICLES, *INORGANIC synthesis, *X-ray diffraction, *THERMAL analysis, *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy, *SCANNING electron microscopy
Abstract

Abstract: A novel preparation method for titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles is introduced in this paper. In this process, titanyl sulphate (TiOSO4·xH2SO4·yH2O) and NaCl powders were used as the reactant and diluent phases, respectively. In order to understand the thermal behavior of the reactant, thermo-gravimetric analysis/differential thermo-gravimetry (TGA/DTG) was conducted. The starting mixture of the reactant and NaCl powders were loaded into a planetary ball mill, under argon atmosphere at 400rpm. The final products were obtained by annealing the milled powders in the temperature range of 600–900°C and subsequently by washing out the water-soluble NaCl. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed that nanosized titania particles have equiaxed shape with the mean size in the range of 15–50nm. Mechanism of the formation of TiO2 during milling was studied via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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