Search

La Sociedad Española de Reumatología (SER) reúne a la mayoría de los especialistas en Reumatología de España y entre los muchos servicios que ofrece a sus socios, cuenta con una Unidad de Investigación (UI). Esta unidad da apoyo metodológico en investigación clínica y epidemiológica a los socios de la SER, coordina y ejecuta proyectos de investigación, diseña y mantiene grandes bases de datos de pacientes, desarrolla proyectos de investigación cualitativa y realiza documentos de medicina basada en la evidencia (MBE). Mediante esta última actividad, la UI de la SER realiza guías de práctica clínica (GPC) y documentos de recomendaciones sobre temas relevantes para la reumatología, que cumplen con los estándares metodológicos más exigentes. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso de gestión y la metodología seguidos por la UI de la SER para identificar los temas de sus documentos de MBE y como ejecuta y desarrolla sus Guías y Recomendaciones. The Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) brings together the majority of rheumatology specialists in Spain. One of the many services it offers its members is a Research Unit (RU-SER) that provides methodological support to SER members in clinical and epidemiological research, coordinates and carries out research projects, designs and maintains large patient databases, develops qualitative research projects and produces evidence-based medicine (EBM) documents. Through the latter activity, the RU-SER produces clinical practice guidelines and recommendations on topics relevant to rheumatology that meet the highest methodological standards. The aim of this article is to describe the management process and methodology used by the RU-SER to identify topics for EBM documents and how they are developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), nurses are considered as essential, not only to ensure pharmacological safety, but also in the promotion in self-care and decision-making, favouring the empowerment of patients. This systematic review aimed to summarize the available literature on the health education by the nurse in patients with RA. Following Cochrane Collaboration procedures, the PRISMA statement and PRISMA checklist, relevant quantitative studies published were retrieved from the CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed and Medic databases and then systematically reviewed. The search ended in August 2021. Nineteen studies were retained for inclusion and evaluated with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network for Systematic Reviews. We found statistically significant improvement in self-care (five studies), disease activity (three studies), quality of life (two studies), satisfaction (five studies) and adherence (one study) with the nursing-led management of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis. Although there is solid evidence of improvement in satisfaction and self-care, there seems to be a trend also to improve other outcomes, such as DAS28, from the EULAR recommendations, the expansion of the therapeutic arsenal for rheumatoid arthritis and shared decision-making. In addition, recently and due to the implementation of new technologies, the role of the nurse has been evaluated through virtual consultations. The results of recent studies have shown that this an effective and well-accepted novel approach for the management of patients with stable rheumatoid arthritis. Our study suggests that nurse-led health education, in addition of improvement in satisfaction and self-care, improve activity disease scores in RA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sintetizar la evidencia actual sobre la utilidad de la radiómica en el análisis de la imagen PET/TC en cáncer de mama local o localmente avanzado y evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios radiómicos publicados al respecto. Revisión sistemática de artículos en distintas bases de datos hasta 2021 utilizando los términos «PET», «radiomics», «texture», «breast». Se seleccionaron solo artículos con datos humanos y que incluyeran una imagen de PET en su análisis. Se excluyeron estudios con datos de pruebas y menos de 20 pacientes. De cada artículo se extrajo el tamaño muestral, el radiotrazador utilizado, la técnica de imagen y las características de imagen extraídas. Se determinó la calidad metodológica de los estudios mediante el instrumento QUADAS-2. Se seleccionaron 18 artículos. El diseño retrospectivo fue el más utilizado. La característica radiómica más estudiada fue el SUVmax. Diversos parámetros radiómicos se correlacionaron con la caracterización tumoral, y la heterogeneidad tumoral demostró utilidad para predecir el curso de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento. La mayoría de los artículos mostraron un alto riesgo de sesgo, derivado principalmente de la selección de pacientes. Se observó una alta probabilidad de sesgo en los artículos publicados. La radiómica es un campo aún en desarrollo y son necesarios más estudios para demostrar su utilidad en la práctica clínica habitual. La herramienta QUADAS-2 permite la valoración crítica de la calidad metodológica de la evidencia disponible. Pese a las limitaciones, la radiómica se muestra como una herramienta que puede ayudar a conseguir un manejo oncológico personalizado en el cáncer de mama. To synthesize the current evidence of the usefulness of radiomics in PET/CT image analysis in local and locally advanced breast cancer. Also, to evaluate the methodological quality of the radiomic studies published. Systematic review of articles in different databases until 2021 using the terms «PET», «radiomics», «texture», «breast». Only articles with human data and that included a PET image were included. Studies with simulated data and with less than 20 patients were excluded. The sample size, radiotracer used, imaging technique, and radiomics characteristics were extracted from each article. The methodological quality of the studies was determined using the QUADAS-2 tool. Eighteen articles were selected. The retrospective design was the most used. The most studied radiomic characteristic was SUVmax. Several radiomic parameters were correlated with tumor characterization, and tumor heterogeneity proved useful for predicting disease course and response to treatment. Most articles showed a high risk of bias, mainly from the patient selection. A high probability of bias was observed in most of the published articles. Radiomics is a developing field and more studies are needed to demonstrate its usefulness in routine clinical practice. The QUADAS-2 tool allows critical assessment of the methodological quality of the available evidence. Despite its limitations, radiomics is shown to be an instrument that can help to achieve personalized oncologic management of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analizar la literatura disponible sobre el valor pronóstico de los parámetros metabólicos de la 18F-FDG PET/TC preoperatoria y su utilidad en la estratificación de riesgo en pacientes con cáncer de endometrio (CE). En búsquedas de Pubmed se utilizó «(endometr* OR uter*) AND (PET OR FDG)» como palabras clave desde enero-2000 hasta junio-2020. Se revisaron referencias en los artículos incluidos buscando posibles publicaciones no incluidas en la primera búsqueda. Se incluyeron los estudios que evaluaron el valor pronóstico de la 18F-FDG PET/TC preoperatoria y su papel para la estratificación del riesgo en pacientes con CE. Los artículos no originales (revisiones, editoriales, cartas, casos legales, entrevistas, informes de casos, etc.) no fueron incluidos. Veintiséis estudios (1.918 pacientes) fueron elegidos según los criterios de inclusión en esta revisión. Se incluyeron 13 estudios (939 pacientes) relacionados con el papel pronóstico de la 18F-FDG PET/TC preoperatoria y 14 estudios (1.036 pacientes) relacionados con su papel en la estratificación de riesgo. Parámetros como SUVmáx, volumen tumoral metabólico (VTM) y glicólisis total de lesión (GTL) del tumor primario fueron analizados. El SUVmáx preoperatorio es útil para realizar diagnósticos no invasivos y decidir la estrategia terapéutica adecuada, ya que podría utilizarse como marcador pronóstico independiente de recurrencia y supervivencia en el CE. Además, tanto VTM como GTL preoperatorios podrían ser factores pronósticos independientes para predecir recurrencia y supervivencia, pero, aun no existe suficiente evidencia científica. La utilidad del SUVmáx para la estratificación del riesgo es limitada (no existe literatura suficiente acerca de que la 18F-FDG PET/TC pueda sustituir la estadificación quirúrgica), aunque el VTM y la GTL sí que son más precisos y tienen un valioso papel en la estratificación del riesgo del CE. Sin embargo, se necesitan estudios multicéntricos más amplios con un tiempo de seguimiento adecuado para confirmar estos hallazgos. To analyse the available literature on the prognostic value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and their usefulness in risk stratification in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). Pubmed searches used «(endometr* OR uter*) AND (PET OR FDG)» as keywords from January-2000 to June-2020. References in included articles were checked for possible publications not included in the first search. Studies evaluating the prognostic value of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and its role for risk stratification in patients with EC were included. Non-original articles (reviews, editorials, letters, legal cases, interviews, case reports, etc.) were not included. Twenty-six studies (1918 patients) were selected according to the inclusion criteria in this review. Thirteen studies (939 patients) related to the prognostic role of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT and 14 studies (1036 patients) related to its role in risk stratification were included. Parameters such as SUVmax, metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumour were analysed. Preoperative SUVmax is useful for non-invasive diagnosis and for deciding the appropriate therapeutic strategy, as it could be used as an independent prognostic marker for recurrence and survival in EC. In addition, both preoperative VTM and GTL could be independent prognostic factors for predicting recurrence and survival, but there is still insufficient scientific evidence. The usefulness of SUVmax for risk stratification is limited (there is insufficient literature that 18F-FDG PET/CT can replace surgical staging), although VTM and GTL are more accurate and have a valuable role in risk stratification of EC. However, larger multicentre studies with adequate follow-up time are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analizar el papel de enfermería en el abordaje de la espondiloartritis axial (EspAax) y plantear propuestas que permitan incluir el rol de las consultas de enfermería en reumatología (CER) en la certificación de calidad de las unidades especializadas. Revisión sistemática del rol de enfermería en los sistemas de certificación de calidad en el abordaje de la EspAax, seguida de conferencia de consenso con participación de 3 enfermeras especializadas en reumatología para determinar elementos que considerar en futuras revisiones de las normas de certificación. La revisión sistemática arrojó 5 documentos relevantes. Ninguna de las publicaciones revisadas proponía estándares aplicables a la labor asistencial de enfermería en el manejo de pacientes con EspAax, aunque contemplaban actividades propias de este colectivo. Las propuestas consensuadas para incorporar el rol de las CER en las normas de certificación de las unidades monográficas de EspAax incluyeron: equipamientos y recursos básicos, organización, administración de tratamientos farmacológicos y promoción de la adherencia, programas estandarizados para EspAax, consulta telemática para control del paciente estable y promoción de la continuidad asistencial y registro de medidas de resultados informados por los pacientes. La literatura sobre estándares de calidad y normas de certificación de las unidades monográficas de EspAax es escasa y apenas refleja el papel de las CER en la provisión de una atención de calidad. Las propuestas consensuadas en este trabajo incorporarían las CER en las normas de certificación de calidad. En el futuro, la mayor presencia de CER en España debiera ir acompañada de la actualización de los estándares. To analyse the role of nursing in the approach to axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and to make proposals to include the role of rheumatology nursing consultations (RECs) in the quality certification of these specialized units. A systematic review of the nursing role in quality certification systems in the management of axSpA was conducted. Subsequently a consensus conference was held with the participation of 3 rheumatology nurses to determine elements that should be considered in future revisions of certification standards. The systematic review yielded 5 papers as relevant. None of the publications reviewed explicitly proposed standards applicable to nursing care in the management of patients with axSpA, although they contemplated the activities of this professional group. The proposals agreed upon to incorporate the role of RECs in the certification standards for axSpA monographic units included the following: basic equipment and resources, organization, administration of pharmacological treatments and promotion of adherence, standardized programmes for axSpA, telematic consultation (e-consultation) for monitoring the stable patient and promoting continuity of care and registry of patient-reported outcome measures. The literature on quality standards and certification standards for axSpA monographic units is scarce and hardly reflects the role of RECs in providing quality care. The consensus proposals in this study would incorporate RECs into quality certification standards. In the future, the increased presence of RECs in Spain should be accompanied by a review of the indicators regarding their role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa (EPID) es una manifestación frecuente en pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) y asocia una gran morbimortalidad. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar los distintos métodos de cribado de EPID en pacientes con AR. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en Pubmed, Embase y Cochrane Library hasta abril de 2020 y una búsqueda manual en la bibliografía de los artículos recuperados. Se limitó a estudios en humanos y artículos publicados en inglés, francés o español. Se seleccionaron estudios de cualquier diseño en los que: a) la población a estudiar fuesen pacientes adultos con AR; b) la intervención consistiese en cualquier método de cribado de EPID; y c) se evaluase la validez o fiabilidad del método de cribado, o se describiesen criterios de cribado. Dos revisoras realizaron la selección por título y abstract de forma independiente y posteriormente extrajeron la información utilizando plantillas específicas. Se incluyeron 25 estudios con un total de 2.593 pacientes. La herramienta más frecuentemente utilizada para el cribado de EPID fue la tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (TCAR) pulmonar. También se evaluaron la auscultación electrónica, los marcadores bioquímicos, el lavado broncoalveolar (LBA), las pruebas de función respiratoria (PFR) y la ecografía pulmonar. En los diferentes estudios, la auscultación electrónica y la ecografía pulmonar alcanzaron mayor precisión que las PFR, el LBA y los marcadores bioquímicos. La TCAR ha demostrado ser la técnica más sensible para el cribado de EPID en pacientes con AR. Dada su inocuidad y su alta sensibilidad, es posible que la ecografía pulmonar se posicione como técnica de elección en un futuro. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review was to identify the different screening methods for ILD in patients with RA. We ran a systematic search in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library up to April 2020 and did a hand search of the references of the retrieved articles. The search was limited to humans and articles published in English, Spanish or French. We selected studies with any design where: a) the population included adult patients with RA; b) the intervention was any screening method for ILD; and c) validity or reliability of the screening method were evaluated, or a screening method was described. Two reviewers independently screened the articles by title and abstract and subsequently extracted the information using a specific data extraction form. 25 studies were included with a total of 2,593 patients. The most frequently used tool for ILD screening was high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lung. Electronic auscultation, biochemical markers, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and lung ultrasonography were also evaluated. Across the different studies, electronic auscultation and lung ultrasonography achieved higher accuracy than PFTs, BAL and biochemical markers. HRCT resulted as the most sensitive tool for ILD screening in patients with RA. Given its harmlessness and high sensitivity, lung ultrasonography may become the first-choice tool in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analizar la eficacia, adherencia, satisfacción del paciente, seguridad, farmacodinámica y costo-efectividad del metotrexato (MTX) parenteral en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática basada en una estrategia de búsqueda en Medline, Embase y Cochrane Library (inicio-06/2019). Se identificaron estudios que incluyeran pacientes adultos con enfermedades reumáticas en tratamiento con MTX parenteral y que analizaran datos de eficacia, adherencia, satisfacción, seguridad, farmacocinética o costo-efectividad. En cuanto a los diseños se permitieron revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos o estudios observacionales, incluyendo transversales y estudios con muestras pequeñas si eran estudios de farmacocinética. De 4.160 artículos identificados, se incluyeron finalmente 80. El MTX parenteral parece útil de manera general y en especial en aquellos pacientes con respuesta insuficiente a MTX oral. La vía parenteral no parece aumentar la tasa ni la gravedad de los eventos adversos con respecto a la oral y podría reducir costes en aquellos pacientes con respuesta inadecuada a MTX oral. La adherencia y satisfacción se ven favorecidas por programas de entrenamiento en la vía parenteral. Los resultados en enfermedades reumáticas distintas a la artritis reumatoide (AR) son muy escasos y no permiten obtener datos concluyentes. El MTX por vía parenteral podría ser una alternativa al uso de MTX oral, por su perfil de eficacia, seguridad, adherencia, satisfacción y resultados fármaco-económicos, especialmente en pacientes con AR. To analyse the efficacy, adherence, patient satisfaction, safety, pharmacodynamics and cost-effectiveness of parenteral methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatic diseases. A systematic review of literature was carried out in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central from the beginning until June 2019. Studies including adult patients with rheumatic diseases being treated with parenteral MTX were identified and data on efficacy, adherence, satisfaction, safety, pharmacokinetics, and cost-effectiveness analysed. As for the designs, systematic reviews, clinical trials, or observational studies were permitted, including cross-sectional and small-sample studies if they were pharmacokinetic studies. Out of 4160 identified articles, 80 articles were finally included. The efficacy profile of parenteral MTX seems useful in general and in those patients with insufficient response to oral MTX. The parenteral route does not seem to increase the rate or severity of adverse events due to the use of MTX. The use of parenteral MTX is an appropriate way to reduce costs in patients with inadequate response to oral MTX. Adherence and satisfaction are favoured by training programmes in the use of the parenteral route. The results in rheumatic diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are very scarce and do not enable obtaining conclusive data. Parenteral MTX can be an alternative to the use of oral MTX, due to its profile of efficacy, safety, adherence and pharmacoeconomic results, especially in those patients with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analizar la eficacia y la seguridad de los implantes de células mesenquimales estromales expandidas (MSCs, por sus siglas en inglés) en la artrosis de rodilla. Revisión sistemática de la literatura. Estrategia de búsqueda en Medline, Embase y Cochrane Library hasta febrero del 2018. Inclusión: artrosis de rodilla (II-IV Kellgren); inyección intra-articular de MSCs; ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) y ensayos clínicos cuasi-experimentales (ECC) ≥ 6 meses y N ≥ 10. De 252 artículos identificados, se incluyeron 3 ECA y 6 ECC (N = 169). El 60% de los pacientes mejoraron clínicamente y el 50% estructuralmente hasta 2 años después del implante. El beneficio máximo se alcanzó al año con dosis ≥ 40 × 106 MSCs. La intervención fue bien tolerada, igualmente segura en implantes alogénicos y autólogos. Las MSCs intra-articulares son seguras. La baja calidad de la evidencia analizada no admite conclusiones sobre la eficacia, pero prueba un fundamento para su uso en la artrosis como modificador de síntoma y de estructura que debe ser constatado en ensayos de alta calidad. To analyse the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in knee osteoarthritis. Systematic Literature Review. A pre-defined search strategy was run in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library until February 2018. Inclusion criteria: knee osteoarthritis (grades II-IV Kellgren-Lawrence); intra-articular injection of MSCs (without surgical co-treatments); Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or Quasi-experimental Clinical Trials (QCTs) N≥10 and ≥6 months of follow-up were included. Evidence was assigned according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). The search identified 252 articles. Nine proof-of-concept trials (3 RCTs, 6 QCTs) were included (N=169). Evidence showed clinical improvement in 60% of patients. Structural benefit was reported in half of patients. Clinical benefit was observed from the 3rd month and structural improvement from the 6th. All studies reported maximum clinical and structural benefit a year following the implant. This benefit was sustained for up to 24 months. Studies with doses ≥40×106 showed more consistent clinical and structural benefits than those with lower doses. No systemic adverse reactions were reported. The most common adverse effect was pain and/or inflammation in the puncture area (13-53%). The use of donor cells was as safe as autologous implants. Intra-articular implants of MSCs seem to be safe with no serious adverse effects. Low-quality evidence precludes conclusions regarding efficacy in this review. However, the clinical and structural benefits observed provide a rationale for using expanded MSCs implants in osteoarthritis patients. High-quality evidence trials are needed to further determine best protocols to maximize clinical and structural improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revisar la evidencia disponible sobre la repercusión de los tratamientos de la artritis reumatoide (AR) en la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa (EPID) asociada. Revisión sistemática de estudios que evalúan el impacto del tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con AR y EPID. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE, EMBASE y Cochrane, selección de artículos y evaluación de la calidad metodológica (FLC 3.0 OSTEBA) y graduación del nivel de evidencia (SING). Se identificaron 1.720 referencias en búsqueda primaria y 7 en manual o indirecta. Se incluyeron 43 artículos: 7 revisiones sistemáticas, 2 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, 5 estudios de cohortes, 8 estudios de casos-controles y 21 series de casos. Metotrexato (MTX) y leflunomida (LEF) no aumentan la incidencia, complicaciones ni mortalidad por EPID. Aunque los resultados no son uniformes, los anti-TNF han tenido con frecuencia peores resultados en incidencia, progresión y mortalidad por EPID que MTX, LEF, abatacept (ABA) y rituximab (RTX). La evidencia encontrada es escasa para los inhibidores de JAK quinasas y antifibróticos, y controvertida para los inhibidores de la IL-6. No existe evidencia de que MTX o LEF empeoren el pronóstico de los pacientes con AR-EPID. RTX y ABA parecen tener mejores resultados que otros biológicos, como anti-TNF, consiguiendo con frecuencia la estabilización y, en algunos casos, la mejoría de la EPID en pacientes con AR. To review the available evidence on the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatments in associated diffuse interstitial lung disease (ILD). Systematic review of studies evaluating the impact of pharmacological treatment in patients with RA and ILD. A bibliographic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane, a selection of articles and the methodological quality assessment (FLC 3.0 OSTEBA) and grading of the level of evidence (SING) of the selected articles were performed. 1,720 references were identified in primary search and 7 in manual or indirect. Forty-three articles were included: 7 systematic reviews, 2 randomized clinical trials, 5 cohort studies, 8 case-control studies and 21 case series. Methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF) do not increase incidence, complications or mortality due to ILD. Although the results are not uniform, anti-TNF have often had worse outcomes in incidence, progression and mortality due to ILD than MTX, LEF, abatacept (ABA) and rituximab (RTX). The evidence found is scarce for JAK kinase and antifibrotic inhibitors, and controversial for IL-6 inhibitors. There is no evidence that MTX or LEF worsens the prognosis of patients with AR-EPID. RTX and ABA seem to have better results than other biologicals, such as anti-TNF, often achieving stabilization and, in some cases, the improvement of ILD in patients with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La declaración PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), publicada en 2009, se diseñó para ayudar a los autores de revisiones sistemáticas a documentar de manera transparente el porqué de la revisión, qué hicieron los autores y qué encontraron. Durante la última década, ha habido muchos avances en la metodología y terminología de las revisiones sistemáticas, lo que ha requerido una actualización de esta guía. La declaración prisma 2020 sustituye a la declaración de 2009 e incluye una nueva guía de presentación de las publicaciones que refleja los avances en los métodos para identificar, seleccionar, evaluar y sintetizar estudios. La estructura y la presentación de los ítems ha sido modificada para facilitar su implementación. En este artículo, presentamos la lista de verificación PRISMA 2020 con 27 ítems, y una lista de verificación ampliada que detalla las recomendaciones en la publicación de cada ítem, la lista de verificación del resumen estructurado PRISMA 2020 y el diagrama de flujo revisado para revisiones sistemáticas. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews. Full English text available from : www.revespcardiol.org/en [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actualizar el estudio de la asociación entre obesidad y respuesta al tratamiento en artritis psoriásica. Actualización de una revisión sistemática previa, incluyendo ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios longitudinales y casos-control en artritis psoriásica en los que se evaluase obesidad como predictor de eficacia o toxicidad. Los riesgos de sesgos se evaluaron con escalas validadas. Se realizó metaanálisis de los resultados de estudios con variables de desenlace y medidas del peso similares. Se incluyeron 21 estudios (6 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, 6 estudios longitudinales, 7 registros y un caso-control), de calidad en general moderada. El riesgo de no respuesta ACR20 si el peso es ≥ 100 kg se estimó en OR = 1,42 (1-2,08) y el de retirar el tratamiento en una OR de 1,60 (IC 95%: 1,34-1,92). Parece existir un mayor riesgo de retirada del tratamiento por ineficacia y dificultad para conseguir remisión en pacientes con artritis psoriásica si son obesos. To update the study of the association between obesity and treatment response in psoriatic arthritis. Updating a systematic review of clinical trials, prospective or retrospective longitudinal studies and case-control studies in psoriatic arthritis in which obesity was assessed as a predictor of efficacy or toxicity. Risks of bias were assessed with validated scales. A meta-analysis of the results of studies with similar outcome variables and weight measurements was performed. Twenty-one studies were included (6 review of clinical trials, 6 longitudinal studies, 7 registers and one case-control studie), with moderate quality. The risk of achieving an ACR20 response if weight ≥ 100 kg was estimated at OR = 1.42 (1-2.08) and that of withdrawing treatment in an OR of 1.60 (95% CI: 1.34 - 1.92). There seems to be a greater risk of withdrawal of treatment due to inefficacy and difficulty in achieving remission in patients with psoriatic arthritis if they are obese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The search included manuscripts assessing the efficacy or safety of belimumab in patients with pSS (American-European Consensus Criteria 2002) published between 2004 and 2017 in MEDLINE, EMBASE or Cochrane databases. Two reviewers independently selected the articles, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the evidence following Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) recommendation grades. Out of 135 citations, only 3 articles were included. All of them publishing results from the same study at different time points including 28 patients. At week 28 improvement was reported for visual analogue scale (VAS) dryness score and glandular manifestations in 37% and 77% of patients, respectively, which persisted at week 52 (W52). Belimumab was well tolerated and safely administered. Published evidence to determine the efficacy of belimumab in pSS is limited. Belimumab seems to be effective to reduce systemic activity, parotid enlargement, lymphadenopathies, articular manifestation and B cell biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El comportamiento metabólico del plasmocitoma en la PET/TC con 18F-FDG no está claro. Realizar una revisión sistemática sobre la utilidad diagnóstica de la PET o PET/TC con 18F-FDG en pacientes afectos de plasmocitoma. Se ha realizado una búsqueda exhaustiva bibliográfica de artículos relevantes en las bases de datos de Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase y Cochrane Library desde julio de 2019. La búsqueda exhaustiva bibliográfica ha revelado 371 artículos; al revisar los títulos y los resúmenes, se excluyeron 363 artículos porque los datos que aportaban no estaban dentro del campo de interés de esta revisión. En total, en esta revisión sistemática se incluyeron 8 artículos. Los principales hallazgos del análisis de los artículos seleccionados han sido: 1) El plasmocitoma generalmente es un tumor ávido de 18F-FDG y la PET/TC muestra un buen rendimiento diagnóstico, con alta sensibilidad; 2) en la mayoría de los casos la PET/TC con 18F-FDG ha influido en el manejo de los pacientes, permitiendo seleccionar el tratamiento y evitando terapias ineficaces; 3) el valor pronóstico de los parámetros cualitativos y semicuantitativos de la PET/TC con 18F-FDG sigue mostrando un carácter controvertido con los resultados obtenidos. A pesar de las limitaciones de estos hallazgos, dado el reducido número de trabajos y pacientes estudiados, el plasmocitoma parece ser un tumor ávido de 18F-FDG en la mayoría de los casos. La PET o PET/TC con 18F-FDG muestra un buen rendimiento diagnóstico, con impacto clínico significativo en el cambio de enfoque terapéutico. Finalmente, parece existir un probable valor pronóstico de la PET/TC con 18F-FDG. The metabolic behavior of plasmacytoma at 18F-FDG PET/CT is not yet clear. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze published data about the role of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT in patients affected by plasmacytoma. Acomprehensive computer literature search of the Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was conducted including articles up to July 2019 to find relevant published papers about the performance of 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in plasmacytoma. The comprehensive computer literature search revealed 371 articles. On reviewing the titles and abstracts, 363 articles were excluded because the reported data were not within the field of interest of this review. Eight articles were selected and retrieved in full-text version. From the analyses of the selected studies, the following main findings have been founded: 1) plasmacytoma generally is a 18F-FDG-avid tumor and PET/CT had good diagnostic performance with high sensitivity; 2) 18F-FDG PET/CT influenced patient management in most cases avoiding useless therapies and choosing the best therapeutic approach; 3) prognostic value of PET/CT qualitative and semiquantitative parameters is only suggested with controversial reports. Despite several limitations affect this analysis, especially related to the low number of articles and patients studied, plasmacytoma looks to be an 18F-FDG-avid tumor in most of the cases; 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT had good diagnostic performance and had a significant clinical impact in change of therapeutic approach. Moreover, a possible prognostic role of PET/CT features is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identificar herramientas diseñadas para evaluar la gravedad global de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) para su uso en la investigación de marcadores pronósticos de artritis precoz. Revisión sistemática de estudios cuyo objetivo fuera el desarrollo o validación de índices de gravedad en AR. Se valoró la calidad metodológica mediante la lista de comprobación COSMIN. Además, se evaluó la claridad de definición, viabilidad y probabilidad de estar presente durante los 2 primeros años de evolución. Después de revisar 3.519 artículos, se identificaron 3 índices de gravedad. La Patient Activity Scale (PAS) valoró si el tratamiento previo o actual predecía la gravedad de la AR, medida mediante el patient-reported PAS. Las variables de tratamiento no permitieron distinguir entre los cuartiles superior e inferior de la PAS. El CIRAS incluye las variables edad, sexo, síndrome de Felty, número de visitas al reumatólogo y al rehabilitador, factor reumatoide (FR), recuento de plaquetas, marcadores inflamatorios y paneles bioquímicos solicitados. Su correlación fue baja (r = 0,56), con un índice previamente validado por el mismo grupo investigador, el RARBIS, con el DAS28-PCR (r = 0,07) y el Multidimensional Health Assesment Questionnaire (MD-HAQ) (r = 0,008). Por último, el RARBIS, utilizado para validar el CIRAS, fue ideado como un índice de gravedad de AR basado en registros médicos. Incluye como dominios cirugía, radiología, manifestaciones extraarticulares, clínica y variables de laboratorio, elegidas previamente por un panel de expertos. Este índice presentó una correlación débil con la intensidad de tratamiento (r = 0,35) y con el DAS 28 (r = 0,41). No existe ningún índice para valorar la gravedad de la AR sobre la base del curso evolutivo de los 2 primeros años de seguimiento y que se adapte a la estrategia terapéutica actual. Por lo tanto, creemos razonable el desarrollo de un nuevo índice de gravedad ad hoc para pacientes con artritis de reciente comienzo. To identify tools designed to evaluate the severity of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to use them in the investigation of prognostic markers in early arthritis. We conducted a systematic review of studies that developed/validated an index for RA disease severity. They were analyzed using the COSMIN checklist to assess their methodological quality. In addition, all the variables included were evaluated for their clarity of definition, feasibility and probability of being present in each outcome during the first 2 years of the disease course. To estimate redundancy, variables were grouped by domains. After reviewing 3,519 articles, 3 studies were included. The first study, the PAS, assessed whether current and lifetime treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and/or biologics accurately predicted RA severity, as measured by the patient-reported PAS. Treatment variables did not fully distinguish patients in the highest and lowest quartiles of PAS scores. Another severity index, the Claims-Based Index for RA Severity (CIRAS), included the variables age, sex, Felty's syndrome, number of rehabilitation and rheumatology visits, test for inflammatory markers, number of chemistry panels/platelet counts ordered and rheumatoid factor test. The correlation was low (r = 0.56) with an index previously validated by the same research group, the RA medical records-based index of severity (RARBIS), with Disease Activity Score- C -reactive protein (DAS28-PCR) (r = 0.07) and Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MD-HAQ) (r = 0.008). Finally, the RARBIS, used to validate the CIRAS, was devised as an RA severity index based on medical records. It includes as domains surgery, radiology, extra-articular manifestations, clinical and laboratory variables, previously chosen by an expert panel. RARBIS had a weak correlation with treatment intensity (r = 0.35) and with DAS28 (r = 0.41). There is no index to assess the severity of RA based on the course of the first 2 years of follow-up that is adapted to the current strategy of therapeutic management of this disease. Therefore, we believe it is reasonable to develop a new ad hoc severity index for patients with early arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen Antecedentes Dada la heterogeneidad clínica de la artritis psoriásica (APs), se han elaborado recomendaciones por grupos internacionales para orientar las decisiones terapéuticas del reumatólogo. Esta revisión sistemática (RS) tiene el objetivo de evaluar la evidencia sobre la eficacia de los FAME en APs. Métodos Búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, desde 2008 hasta 2014. Se incluyeron RS, EC y estudios observacionales, en pacientes con APs con evaluación de eficacia de FAME sintéticos (metotrexato, sulfasalazina y leflunomida), los siguientes desenlaces: síntomas periféricos; daño estructural radiológico periférico; síntomas axiales; entesopatía por ecografía o resonancia magnética (número de entesis antes y después del estudio); dactilitis, y uveítis. Resultados Se recuperaron 1.662 documentos para revisar por título y «abstract» (Medline, n = 433; Embase n = 1.132; Cochrane, n = 97), se seleccionaron 48 estudios para su lectura detallada, y se incluyeron 8 estudios. Conclusiones Ya que los estudios incluidos no son consistentes, y hay argumentos para apoyar la eficacia del metotrexato, la evidencia observada con el tratamiento de FAME en APs no es concluyente. Abstract Background Due to the clinical heterogeneity of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), recommendations have been developed by international groups to guide therapeutic decisions of the rheumatologist. The objective of the current systematic review (RS) was to evaluate the evidence of efficacy of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in PsA. Methods Literature search in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, from 2008 to 2014. We included RS, randomized clinical trials and observational studies, in patients with PsA and an evaluation of efficiency of conventional DMARDs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, leflunomide), according to the following outcomes: peripheral and axial symptoms; peripheral radiological damage; enthesitis according to power Doppler ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (enthesitis count before and after therapy); dactylitis; uveitis. Results Title and abstract were used to retrieve 1,662 documents for this review (Medline, n = 433; EMBASE n = 1,132; Cochrane, n = 97), and 48 studies were selected for detailed reading; finally, 8 studies were included. Conclusions Since the studies included are not robust, and there are arguments to support the effectiveness of methotrexate, the evidence observed with the treatment of DMARDs in PsA is not conclusive [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reports regarding the association between body composition and inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have consistently yielded contradictory results. Objective: To perform a systematic review on the association between overweight/obesity and inflammatory activity in RA. Methods: FAST approach: Article search (Medline, EBSCO, Cochrane Library), followed by abstract retrieval, full text review and blinded assessment of methodological quality for final inclusion. Because of marked heterogeneity in statistical approach and RA activity assessment method, a meta-analysis could not be done. Results are presented as qualitative synthesis. Results: One hundred and nineteen reports were found, 16 of them qualified for full text review. Eleven studies (8,147 patients; n range: 37-5,161) approved the methodological quality filter and were finally included. Interobserver agreement for methodological quality score (ICC: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.82-0.98; P<.001) and inclusion/rejection decision (k 1.00, P>.001) was excellent. In all reports body composition was assessed by BMI; however a marked heterogeneity was found in the method used for RA activity assessment. A significant association between BMI and RA activity was found in 6 reports having larger mean sample size: 1,274 (range: 140-5,161). On the other hand, this association was not found in 5 studies having lower mean sample size: 100 (range: 7-150). Conclusions: The modulation of RA clinical status by body fat mass is suggested because a significant association was found between BMI and inflammatory activity in those reports with a trend toward higher statistical power. The relationship between body composition and clinical activity in RA requires be approached with further studies with higher methodological quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Efforts have been made to standardise evidence-based practice, but clinical practice guidelines do not always follow strict development methods. The objective of this review is to identify the current guidelines, analyse the variability of its recommendations and make a synthesis for clinical practice. Material and methods: A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines was made in electronic databa- ses and guidelines databases; using "fibromyalgia" AND ["guideline" OR "Clinical Practice guideline"] as terms, from January for 2003 to July of 2013. Guidelines were selected according to the following criteria: a) aimed to fibromyalgia treatment in adults; b) based on scientific evidence, systematically searched; c) evidence levels and strength of recommendation included; d) written in English or Spanish. Results: From 249 initial results, six guides fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Clinical practice guidelines analysed in this review show great variability both in the presence and level of evidence and in the strength of recommendation of many treatments. Physical exercise and cognitive-behavioural therapy are first-line treatments, showing high level of evidence. Amitriptyline, used for short periods of time for pain control, is the pharmacologic treatment with the most solid evidence. The multimodal approach reported better results than the isolated application of any treatment. Conclusions: Final recommendations in this review identify optimal treatments, facilitating the translation of evidence into practice and enabling more efficient and effective quality care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatologia (English Edition) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivos: Determinar que índices compuestos serían los más apropiados para la evaluación de la actividad o el daño estructural en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática para identificar estudios de validación de índices de actividad y daño en pacientes con LES. De cada instrumento se recogió información sobre cada aspecto de la validación, como la viabilidad, la fiabilidad, la validez y la sensibilidad al cambio utilizando un formulario ad hoc. Resultados: Se incluyeron 38 estudios de validación de 6 índices compuestos para la evaluación de actividad (BILAG, ECLAM, SLAM, SLEDAI, LAI y SLAQ) y 3 índices para la evaluación de daño (SLICC/ACR-DI, LDIQ y BILD). De estos instrumentos, solo el SLAQ, el LDIQ y el BILD son autoadministrados. En relación con los parámetros de fiabilidad, solo se evaluó la consistencia interna de 3 índices (BILAG, SLAQ y SDI); con resultados para el de Cronbach de 0,35 a 0,87. La fiabilidad intraobservador fue examinada mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase para el BILAG, con un resultado de 0,48 (IC del 95%, 0,23- 0,81) y mediante análisis de variancia para el SLAM-R (0,78), SLEDAI (0,33) y el LAI (0,81). La fiabilidad interobservador fue evaluada mediante coeficientes de correlación para el ECLAM (0,90-0,93), el SLAM (0,86) y el MEX-SLEDAI (0,87-0,89). Respecto a las dimensiones de validez, la validez de constructo se evaluó mediante medidas de convergencia con otros instrumentos, en concreto con la valoración global del medico, mostrando resultados similares entre todos los índices (0,48-0,75). Por último, la sensibilidad al cambio se evaluó en todos los índices, excepto el LAI, SDI y LDIQ, obteniendo resultados de respuesta media estandarizada de 0,12 a 0,75. Conclusiones: A pesar de los múltiples índices validados para la evaluación de pacientes con LES, no se ha encontrado suficiente evidencia para determinar cuál es el más apropiado. Los índices BILAG y SLEDAI, con moderada fiabilidad y poca sensibilidad al cambio, son los 2 índices con una validación más completa y los más empleados. Objectives: To determine the most appropriate indices to evaluate the disease activity and damage in patients with sytemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to identify validation studies of indices used to evaluate disease activity and damage. We collected information for each instrument on every aspect of validation including feasibility, reliability, validity and sensitivity to change using ad hoc forms. Results: A total of 38 articles were included addressing the validation of 6 composite indices to evaluate disease activity (BILAG, ECLAM, SLAM, SLEDAI, LAI and SLAQ); and 3 indices to evaluate damage (SLICC/ACE-DI, LDIQ and BILD). Only the SLAQ, LIDIQ and the BILD were self-administered. Feasibility and internal consistency was only studied in 3 indices (BILAG, SLAQ and SDI) with a Cronbach's ranging from 0.35 to 0.87. The intra-observer reliability was examined by the intraclass correlation coefficient for BILAG with a result of 0.48 (95%CI: 0,23-0,81) and using analysis of variance for SLAM-R (0,78), SLEDAI (0,33) and the LAI (0,81). The inter-observer feasibility was evaluated using the correlation coefficient for ECLAM (0,90-0,93), the SLAM (0,86) and MEX-SLEDAI (0,97-0,89). The construct validity was examined by means of convergence with other instruments, specifically with global assessment by the physician, with similar results between indices (0,48-0,75). Lastly, responsiveness was tested in all indices except LAI, SDI and LDIQ, with a standardized response mean ranging from 0.12 to 0.75. Conclusions: Although multiple instruments have been validated for use in SLE it was not possible to find direct evidence of which is the most appropriate. BILAG and SLEDAI, with moderate feasibility and low responsiveness, are the 2 indices with a most complete validation and more extensively used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of denosumab in osteoporosis. Methods: A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1950 to July 2010), meeting abstracts (2009-2010), trial registries, and reference lists. The selection criteria were as follows: (population) osteoporosis patients of any age; (intervention) treatment with denosumab; (outcome) efficacy and safety; (study design) randomized clinical trials (RCTs); no language restrictions. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and subsequently extracted data from the selected studies including quality items, and on outcomes of interest. A meta-analysis was performed for safety issues. Results: A total of 25 studies were included. Denosumab reduces the risk of new radiographic vertebral fracture in a 68% compared with placebo (p < 0.001) and increases bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine, total hip, and one-third radius more than alendronate and placebo. A single subcutaneous dose of denosumab resulted in a dose-dependent, rapid, profound, and sustained decrease bone turnover markers (BTMs). Denosumab was in general well tolerated. A meta-analysis has shown an increase in the incidence of urinary infections (p = 0.012) and eczema (p < 0.001) in the patients treated with denosumab. Meta-analysis of efficacy was complicated due to the study features. Conclusions: Denosumab given subcutaneously twice yearly is associated with a reduction in the risk of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures in women with osteoporosis. Denosumab is associated with greater and sustained increases in BMD and reductions in BTMs compared with placebo and/or alendronate and with a risk of urinary infections and eczema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in the pathology of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Therefore, anti-TNF antibody based therapies could hopefuly be a treatment in AS patients without response to current drugs, mainly non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Objective: To assess the evidence from clinical trials on the efficacy of anti-TNF alpha for the treatment of AS by performing a meta-analysis to derive estimates of responses occurring in randomized trials employing anti-TNF therapy. Methods: A systematic literature search of EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library and electronic abstract databases of the annual scientific meetings of both the European League Against Rheumatism and the American College of Rheumatology was conducted through August 2006. To be selected, the studies had to fulfill all of the followings conditions: a) randomized controlled trial comparing one therapy anti-TNF alpha (infliximab, etanercept or adalimumab) versus placebo. Used between 6 and 24 weeks in patients with AS; b) diagnosis based on the New York modified criteria for AS; c) the primary end point had to be the proportion of patients with a 20% improvement response according to the criteria of the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis (ASAS) International Working Group (ASAS20 responders). Results: Seven trials met our inclusion criteria and were selected for meta-analysis and were considered of high methodological quality with a total of 1,094 patients, 660 patients in treatment group and 434 patients in control-placebo group. In anti-TNF alpha treatment group, the ASAS20 response rate improvement was 60.4% and 22.1% in placebo group at 6-24 weeks period. The relative risk was 2.78 (95% CI, 2.3-3.4), favourable to treatment group. The number needed to treat was 3 (95% CI, 2-4). Conclusions: There is evidence of an increased relative benefit of improved clinical outcomes in patients with AS, treated with anti-TNF antibody therapy with two assessment criteria ASAS20 at short term (6 to 24 weeks) treatment periods; with an evidence level I and recommendation level A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To perform a systematic review for evaluating efficacy and safety of anakinra in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and method: The MedLine, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2000 to February 2006 by using a high sensitive search that included every randomised controlled trial (RCTs) or controlled trial (CTs) that evaluated either efficacy or safety of Anakinra for the treatment of RA. Results: The search identified four relevant studies to evaluate efficacy. Patients treated with anakinra achieved significantly better clinical responses than those treated with placebo. Anankira combined with methotrexate provided significantly greater clinical benefit than methotrexate alone. Combination therapy with etanercept and anakinra provides no added benefit and an increased safety risk compared with etanercept alone. Results from a large, placebo-controlled safety study demonstrate that anakinra is safe and well tolerated. The most common adverse effect was a mild local inflammation over the puncture area. Conclusions: This review confirmed both the efficacy and the safety of anakinra in the short term for the treatment of RA. Anakinra provides adequate clinical responses without major safety problems. This systematic review does not allow us to conclude on Anakinra responses in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Data reporting mortality in rheumatic diseases vary widely. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis of published data is to provide an accurate overview of the current risk of mortality in rheumatic diseases. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies identified by a sensitive search using free text and MeSH synonyms of "mortality" and of "rheumatic diseases", in general and by specific diagnoses. Eligibility criteria were (1) study population with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythemathosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, dermatomyositis, or spondyloarthritis; (2) outcome of interest mortality, reported as an standardized mortality ratio (SMR), or easily calculated from data reported; and (3) cohorts or longitudinal observational studies. Assessment of risk of bias relied on the New Castle-Ottawa scale for cohorts; only moderate to high quality studies were included. Separate meta-SMRs were calculated for specific diagnoses. Heterogeneity was studied with meta-regression. Results: A total of 32 studies were included, none in spondyloarthritis or osteoarthritis. The overall pooled SMR was 2.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79-2.29), ranging from 1.36 in psoriatic arthritis to 4.80 in vasculitis. The largest individual overall SMR came from studies on inflammatory diseases, and the specific SMR were very high for infections and pulmonary events. Heterogeneity between studies was large; however, the analysis of such heterogeneity within diseases did not provide any association with the collected variables. Conclusions: Based on our results and on the good quality of the included studies, we can conclude that rheumatic diseases increase in general the risk of death, and especially inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]