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Increased breast density (BD) is significantly correlated to higher rates of breast cancer (BC), yet awareness among women remains low. This study assesses women's understanding of BD, its implications for cancer risk, and their engagement in screening practices. A cross-sectional survey of 212 women aged 40 to 74 was conducted using an online questionnaire developed within Google Forms, including open and closed-ended questions. Demographic information was collected, followed by BC awareness and BD knowledge questions. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software, with categorical data reported as numbers and percentages, and Chi-square tests employed to explore associations between variables. Of the 212 participants, those with healthcare involvement were significantly more likely to recognize BD as a BC risk factor, with 25.0 % acknowledging its impact compared to 16.8 % of non-professionals (χ2 = 9.520, p = 0.009). Formal training was associated with increased engagement in breast self-examinations (BSE), with 58.6 % of trained individuals practicing BSE versus 30.1 % without training (χ2 = 9.108, p = 0.003). Findings underscore the need for targeted educational initiatives to improve BD awareness among women in the general public, empowering them to identify as at-risk and to participate in screening programs. This study emphasizes integrating BD awareness into clinical practice. Healthcare providers are encouraged to implement educational strategies that inform women of BD, its associated risks, and the value of regular screening. Enhancing self-awareness among patients may facilitate earlier detection, ultimately improving BC outcomes and public health efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiography students experience high levels of stress due to demanding academic studies and clinical training. Expanding this study to different settings could provide insights for customized interventions. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and causes of stress experienced by radiography students across university settings in Egypt, the UAE, and Jordan, with particular attention to gender-based differences. By analyzing stress levels across these diverse academic environments, the study seeks to identify key stressors specific to each region, as well as any differences in stress impact related to gender, academic demands, and cultural contexts. This cross-sectional study involved 608 radiography students from accredited programs in Egypt, UAE, and Jordan, selected through convenience and snowball sampling. A 96-question online survey, developed following CHERRIES guidelines, was distributed via university channels and social media. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS. The questionnaire's reliability was confirmed through a test-retest method, yielding a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.82. Out of 608 radiography students surveyed, stress levels differed by gender. Specifically, 11.7 % of students reported extremely high stress, with 5 % of males and 14.4 % of females. Gender disparities were evident that females experienced significantly higher stress than males in areas such as quality of education, exams, GPA, fear of mistakes, clinical factors, patient care, lack of relaxation time, and health problems (p < 0.001). In the UAE, 41.8 % of students believe a lack of time with family and friends significantly affects their stress, followed closely by 41.7 % in Egypt and 30.5 % in Jordan (p = 0.001). The study identifies gender-specific discrepancies in stress among university students, demonstrating that female students experience higher stress levels, influenced by factors such as academic standards, examinations, GPA, and work-life balance. Furthermore, students in Jordan and the UAE are facing academic workload stress, while Egyptian students deal with career uncertainty and family-related stress. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding diverse stressors among radiography students to provide insights that can inform tailored support strategies to enhance the well-being and academic performance of radiography students in these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective communication is crucial in the healthcare industry. It builds trust, enhances understanding, and improves the quality of care. Radiographers, as the first point of contact for patients, need strong communication skills to ensure safety and facilitate effective interactions. Radiographers play a vital role in patient care and are frequently encountered by a substantial proportion of patients, significantly influencing patient outcomes. This study aims to examine the attitudes of radiography students toward communication skills training in clinical education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ethical approval was obtained from Gulf Medical University for a cross-sectional study involving 91 radiography students from universities in the UAE. The study utilized a structured questionnaire called the Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS), which was administered via an online survey created using Google Forms. It consisted of 36 closed-ended questions presented in professional language tailored to the target audience. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, and chi-square tests were utilized to assess associations between variables. The results indicate that 51.6 % of students support comprehensive communication skills training in radiography education. The importance of these skills becomes more significant as students' progress academically (p = 0.001). Furthermore, there is a positive association between higher GPAs and a greater focus on communication skills, with statistically significant correlations (p = 0.008). The findings highlight the significance of integrating comprehensive communication skills training into radiography education. With the progression of students' studies, the importance of these skills becomes more evident. Integrating comprehensive communication skills courses into radiography education may enhance students' capacity to effectively engage with patients and healthcare teams, thereby leading to improved patient care outcomes. These findings underscore the necessity for curriculum enhancements that better incorporate communication training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceptions of environmental sustainability among radiographers can potentially be influenced by individual experiences and educational backgrounds. This study aims to investigate the perceptions and practices of radiographers regarding sustainability initiatives, emphasizing the significance of understanding their diverse experiences and backgrounds. This was an online survey involving 104 radiographers from various regions worldwide to evaluate their training related to global warming, their perceptions of sustainability, current practices, and the barriers they face in implementing sustainability practices. Participants' knowledge regarding sustainability was significantly influenced by their social networks, including friends and family (χ2 = 12.505, p = 0.004). Notable correlations were observed between years' of experience and the belief in pollution's contribution to climate change (χ2 = 8.096,p = 0.038), as well as the perception of human activities as the primary cause of climate change (χ2 = 22.68,p = 0.011). Furthermore, involvement in environmental protection initiatives (χ2 = 19.268, p = 0.033) and the perception of local climate impacts (χ2 = 22.478, p = 0.012) were positively correlated with experience. In the field of radiography, the adoption of energy-efficient practices (χ2 = 10.482, p = 0.011) and the recycling of imaging waste (χ2 = 25.778, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with levels of experience. Lastly, the barrier identified as "Lack of Authority to make change" also exhibited a significant relationship with years of experience (χ2 = 9.449, p = 0.022). This study indicates that staff experiences play a significant factor influencing sustainability engagement among radiographers. Barriers identified include financial constraints, insufficient leadership, safety concerns, and inadequate training. The current study highlights the essential requirement for customized strategies based on radiographers' experiences to improve sustainable practices in radiography. It acknowledges the impact of organizational barriers and suggests that progress toward a more sustainable future can be achieved through individual empowerment and collaboration within the healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical practice is a critical component of radiography curricula, offering students with essential skills and training for proficient practice. Educational institutions are challenged to review and develop strategies to meet evolving service demands regularly. This study aims to gain insight into the inclusion of cross-sectional imaging within pre-registration radiography training. An online questionnaire, based on previous European Federation of Radiographer Societies (EFRS) surveys, included closed-ended questions and ascertained the level of qualification, cross-sectional imaging incorporation, and tasks and assessments within programmes. The questionnaire was distributed through the EFRS Research Hub at the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) 2023 and online via social media. Closed-ended questions were summarised using descriptive statistics. Responses were received from 64 individual radiography educators across 29 different countries. Fifty-seven respondents (91.9 %) reported including cross-sectional imaging training in their institution's pre-registration radiography programme. An increase in the amount of time dedicated to clinical training in cross-sectional imaging was reported by 24 respondents (42.1 %). Overall, 32 individuals (53.3 %) stated that CT is a specialised modality, and dedicated training should be for radiographers once they obtain their basic qualifications. In contrast, 36 respondents (61 %) agreed that MRI should also be reserved as a specialised modality. Study findings indicate a lack of consistency among pre-registration radiography programmes in terms of how they include cross-sectional imaging in their curricula. Differing opinions on this issue are likely to be guided by national standards and workforce requirements upon qualification. Variations in training curricula can present significant challenges for graduates. To align with the most recent Standards of Proficiency, curricula must be regularly reviewed and updated. Such Standards now typically require radiographers to perform a range of CT scans, including those of the head, C-spine, chest, and abdomen. Therefore, integrating comprehensive training in cross-sectional imaging into pre-registration education is crucial to ensure that future professionals meet these essential competencies and are fully prepared for their roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a narrative review of the literature to 1) assess the need for and 2) report methods to help deliver a sustainable approach to iodinated contrast media (ICM) administration. Acute ICM shortages have been noted in the literature. As demand for contrast-enhanced imaging continues to increase and access to raw materials becomes more limited, such events may increase. Evidence from the literature has documented a range of iodinated contrast reduction strategies. These include individualised contrast-media dosing, multi-dose bulk ICM vials, switching to alternative modalities or the increased use of non-contrast examinations. The optimisation of imaging parameters, the use of saline chasers, and alternative contrast agents should be further considered. Given the rising concerns regarding the presence and effects of ICMs in waste and drinking water, further consideration of strategies for managing waste and excreted ICMs are starting to emerge. Sustainable ICM practices are needed to help avoid supply shortages and to help protect our environment. Such practices must be led and supported locally, nationally, and internationally. Sustainable ICM practices must be reflected within professional Standards of Proficiencies and be adopted by all members of the multidisciplinary team. Changes to working practices surrounding the sustainable use of ICMs will likely become commonplace. New methods to ensure optimised ICM dosage with minimal wastage will be more heavily featured in departmental practices. Correct disposal of waste and excreted ICMs will also form part of future changes to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has delved into the attitudes and behaviors of diverse professions regarding environmental sustainability. However, there needs to be more research specifically targeting radiographers. This study aims to survey radiographers' perceptions, practices, and barriers to change concerning environmental sustainability in radiology. Institutional ethical approval was obtained (IRB–COHS–FAC-110-2024) and data collection was conducted using Google Forms (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA). The survey targeted 104 practicing radiographers across several countries. Questions were structured around five domains to gather insights into demographics, training in global warming and climate change, perceptions of sustainability and climate change, sustainability barriers, and current radiology practices on sustainability. Data analysis utilized descriptive and d inferential statistics. One hundred and four radiographers completed the study. Females had a significantly higher attendance rate in environmental protection campaigns (P = 0.01). The majority of respondents (68%) believe in climate change's knowledge and impact on the natural world. Our survey findings demonstrate that 74% of respondents believe there's a need to improve sustainability practices. The most commonly used strategies to decrease energy consumption and emissions were low-energy lighting (60%), real-time power monitoring tools (41%), and energy-efficient heating systems (32%). A significant concern regarding sustainability emerges among respondents: time (50%) and lack of leadership (48%) are prevalent concerns among the identified barriers. Participants are recognising the importance of environmental sustainability in radiology, but lack of leadership, support, authority, and facility limitations hinder their adoption. Radiology must prioritize environmental sustainability by providing resources and training for radiographers and collaborating with healthcare professionals, policymakers, and environmental experts to develop comprehensive strategies for a sustainable healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical correction of hypospadias aims to achieve normal functionality and appearance. This entails foreskin reconstruction (FR) in countries where the uncircumcised penis constitutes the norm. Long-term data are however scarce. To investigate the long-term outcome of FR in cohort of patients operated for distal hypospadias combined with approximately 20 years after surgery. The hospital management system was searched for patients operated for distal hypospadias in conjunction with FR between 1997 and 2004. Prospective participants were invited to participate in an online questionnaire. Signed consent allowed for extended medical chart review, with regards to hypospadias grade, surgical procedure and complications. Response rate of 44.6 %. For 113 participants, median age at primary surgery was 5.2 (1.0–15.5) years. Two-thirds had a distal meatus while the remaining, meatus was mid to distal shaft. Urethroplasties performed were mainly glanular approximation procedures and meatal based flap procedures in 85 %. Foreskin fistula developed in 15 % of cases. There was no significant relationship between urethroplasty procedure or meatal position and risk of foreskin complications. Three layer closure of foreskin resulted in significantly less complications than two layer closure. Twenty years on 95 % of the men still had an intact foreskin, of whom 16.8 % had received treatment for phimosis. Foreskin was retractable in 92.5 % and 74.7 % in the flaccid and erect states respectively. Ninety intact men had had their sexual debut and in those 23.3 % reported foreskin related issues with intercourse. Evolution of foreskin retractability can be seen in the figure. Current results show that three layer FR in conjunction with hypospadias surgery is feasible and that short-term complication rates were comparable with what has previously been published in the literature. Long-term results indicate that FR is durable with regards to anatomical reconstruction however foreskin function especially in relation to sexual function was compromised in about 25 %. Foreskin retractability after surgery predicted retractability in adulthood for the flaccid but not erect penis. Limitations of this study include the retrospective nature of data collection, and that the questionnaire used was not validated. We however achieved a decent response rate and were able to capture important long-term data. FR has an acceptable complication rate. Long-term results two decades on are remarkably durable with regards to the anatomical preservation of the prepuce, however functionality was compromised with regards to retractability and sexual function in approximately 25 %. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, ureteral reimplantation (UR) has been the gold standard for treatment of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) with declining renal function, worsening obstruction, or recurrent urinary tract infections. In infants, open surgery with reimplantation of a grossly dilated ureter into a small bladder, can be technically challenging with significant morbidity. Therefore, less invasive endoscopic management such as dilatation or incision of the ureter–vesical junction, has emerged as an alternative to reimplantation during the last decades. To systematically evaluate the effectivity, safety, and potential benefits of endoscopic treatment (dilatation with or without balloon or incision) of POM in comparison to UR. A systematic review was conducted. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonrandomized comparative studies (NRSs), and single-arm case series including a minimum of 20 participants and a mean follow-up more than 12 months were eligible for inclusion. Of 504 articles identified, 8 articles including 338 patients were eligible for inclusion (0 RCTs, 1 NRSs, and 7 case series). Age at time of surgery was minimum 15 days to a maximum of 192 months. Indications for endoscopic treatment (ET) included patients with loss of split renal function (>10%) and worsening of hydroureteronephrosis. The studies analysed reported a success rate ranging from 35% to 97%. Success was defined as stabilization of differential renal function without further procedures. A post-operative complication rate of 23–60% was reported (mostly transient haematuria, urinary tract infections and stent migration or intolerance). In 14% of the cases salvage UR following initial ET, was performed due to relapse of symptomatic POM. Endoscopic treatment for persistent or progressive POM in children is a minimally invasive alternative to UR with a long-term modest success rate. Additionally, it can be performed within a wide age span, with equal success rate and complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) poses unique challenges in healthcare settings, including radiographic examinations. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of radiographers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) towards ASD children, a population with increased healthcare needs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online, targeting radiographers across the UAE. The instrument utilized was a comprehensive and validated self-administered questionnaire developed based on relevant literature. The questionnaire incorporated sections to gauge radiographers' knowledge about ASD, their attitudes towards working with ASD children, and their adherence to recommended practices during radiographic examinations. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to describe KAP and identify any influencing factors. Radiographers demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge regarding ASD. Despite the knowledge, misconceptions about ASD nature were common. The radiographers generally acknowledged the need for special care for ASD children during radiographic procedures. High confidence in working with ASD children was noted, particularly among older participants, despite a clear interest in further training. Good adherence to recommended practices was observed, with physical restraints not being a common practice. However, areas for improvement were identified, such as the use of visual aids. Despite a moderate level of knowledge and good practices, there is a need to improve UAE radiographers' understanding and handling of ASD children. This study highlights the need for enhancing ASD-specific knowledge and training and integrating supportive tools in radiographic procedures. This comprehensive approach could significantly improve the radiographic service quality for ASD children in the UAE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]