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Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) was applied to remove cadmium ion from wastewater using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a micelle in this study. Investigations were carried out on operational parameters such as initial permeate flux, retentate pressure, initial cadmium concentration, pH solution, molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), and molar ratio of cadmium to SDS. Removal efficiency of cadmium increased with increase in retentate pressure, pH solution, and molar ratio of cadmium to SDS and decreased with increase in initial permeate flux. Higher removal efficiency of cadmium was achieved using lower MWCO. In optimized experimental condition, cadmium removal efficiency reached 75% within an hour. With MEUF–ACF hybrid process, removal efficiencies of cadmium and SDS were found to be over 99 and 90%, respectively. Freundlich isotherm equation fitted better with experimental results on adsorption of SDS by ACF than Langmuir isotherm equation. Overall SDS removal efficiency of ACF unit in series was 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempted to remove an organic from an aqueous solution (wastewater) using submerged plasma irradiation (SPI) process. N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO) was used as a target material. Effect of electrode materials, applied voltage, initial concentration, and two types of buffer solutions were studied with the purpose of monitoring the pollutant removal. The degradation of RNO by SPI process followed a first-order kinetics model. While applying SPI, in comparison with the alkaline condition (carbonate buffer), the neutral condition (phosphate buffer) proved to be much more applicable in dealing with RNO contained by wastewater. After 8 min of operation, the removal efficiencies were found to be over 70% in the case of the carbonate buffer solution, and respectively 90% in the case of the phosphate one. By increasing the operation time and applied voltage, the SPI process had a significant effect on the pollutant removal. In comparison with the tungsten and aluminum electrodes, the iron one showed a higher efficiency in the removal process. Instead of using a high concentration pollutant in the initial stage, it was more beneficial to dilute the RNO wastewater before applying the SPI method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]