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The present study examines the wear performance of microwave-sintered Ti6Al6V2Sn (Ti662) alloy reinforced with 15 wt% AlBeSiTiV High-Entropy Alloy (HEA). The AlBeSiTiV HEA is synthesized by ball milling at 250 rpm for 20 h, resulting in irregular fragments with a mean size of 15 µm and an FCC phase structure. The α-Ti grains decreased with increment of β -Ti grains upon adding HEA reinforcement with the Ti662 alloy. The Ti662/HEA composite exhibited 762 HV microhardness mainly due to refined grains through uniform dissipation in the sintering. The grains sized 0.597 µm on average. The pin-on-disc tribometer is employed to evaluate the wear rate of Ti662/HEA composite under varied process parameters such as applied load, sliding velocity, and sliding distance resulted in enhanced wear resistance through grain refinement, hindering effect, and superior interfacial bonding properties of reinforced HEA particles. Morphological analysis of the worn surfaces reveals wear mechanisms, including delamination, grooves, and the formation of oxide layers. These layers are developed due to the reinforcement of HEA with Ti662 alloy, serving as a protective film over the composite surface against wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work discusses an attempt to enhance the mechanical and reciprocal wear response of Al–7Si-0.3 Mg alloy through the addition of 10 wt% SiC as reinforcement and subsequent T6 treatment. Friction and reciprocating wear behavior of both untreated and heat treated functionally graded composites were studied under unlubricated sliding conditions, employing a linear reciprocating pin-on-plate system over a range of applied load (10–50 N) and sliding distance (500–2500 m). Microstructural studies revealed reinforcement particle gradation across the cast thickness for untreated composite with minimal particle clusters whereas, heat treated composite showed the presence of fine α-spheroidised eutectic silicon. The outer layer of heat-treated composite when compared to outer layer of as-cast composite, revealed an 18 % increase in hardness, 70 % increase in tensile strength and 8 % decrease in wear rate. Wear studies confirmed a linear dependency between wear rate and applied load whereas, coefficient of friction displayed fluctuating trends. Wear mechanisms were identified, with worn morphology and EDS analyses in agreement with the results obtained and was correlated with the observed metallurgy and mechanical properties. These composites were identified as potential candidates for applications such as brake drums/rotors, cylinder liners, cylinder blocks and pistons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To demonstrate the need for developing standardized healthcare transition plans for persons with severe forms of thalassemia as life expectancy continues to improve. This study utilized an original questionnaire to explore the factors that determined whether individuals residing in North America transferred their thalassemia care from a pediatric to an adult specialist, and what components they believed should be included in a healthcare transition plan. Approximately one-third of respondents remained under the care of a pediatric hematologist, most commonly citing the thalassemia knowledge of the specialist as their reason for not transferring their care. Additionally, this group also reported more thalassemia-related services available at their healthcare facility, better access to flexible hours for blood transfusions and increased satisfaction with their care. Adults with thalassemia recommend enhanced communication between patient and provider and building opportunities for patients to assume the role of self advocate as key components for a healthcare transition plan. There is an inconsistency in the transfer-of-care experience of adults with severe forms of thalassemia living in North America. Development of a healthcare transition program would benefit from the input of those who have gone through this process. A well informed healthcare transition program can enhance the quality of life of those with thalassemia. The training and educational background of nurses and genetic counselors make them uniquely qualified to guide patients on how to advocate for themselves and to ensure continuity of care during a healthcare transition. • Life expectancy for those with severe forms of thalassemia has improved, but health-related quality of life lags behind. • Healthcare transition programs have been shown to improvenhance quality of life, but one for thalassemia does not currently exist. • About one-third of adults with thalassemia are followed by a pediatric specialist and report more severe complications. • Adults with thalaseemia recommend encouraging physician communication and patient self-advocacy during healthcare transition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have drawn substantial attention in materials science because of their unique mix of features, which include great mechanical strength, resistance to corrosion, and stability at high temperatures. Vacuum arc melting (VAM) shows great potential as a technique for producing HEAs, providing precise control over composition and purity. The VAM process involves vaporizing multiple alloying elements in a vacuum environment and subsequently condensing them, enabling the synthesis of HEAs through careful selection and adjustment of alloying constituents, control of the melting process, and rapid solidification of the melt. The high vacuum environment minimizes contamination from reactive gases, ensuring the formation of clean and defect-free alloys. Moreover, the rapid solidification achievable through VAM promotes the formation of solid solution phases, leading to distinct microstructures characterized by improved properties. This paper highlights the importance of VAM in HEA research, emphasizing its crucial role as HEAs continue to advance in various industrial sectors. VAM, as a fabrication method, continues to offer promising opportunities for creating innovative materials with exceptional and unparalleled performance attributes. • Various VAM parameters and their influence on the HEA are discussed. • The phase formation and morphological evaluation of VAM-processed HEA samples are acknowledged. • The mechanical, tribology, and corrosion behaviour of VAM-processed HEAs are discussed. • The potential applications along with future trends of VAM-processed HEAs are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to develop new materials and processing techniques to update the performance with maximum efficiency drives the material science field. In this study, SS410 steel was reinforced with the ball-milled AlSiBeTiV HEA through Friction Stir Processing. The microstructural characterization of the ball milled powder revealed the densely packed irregular fragments with an average particle size of 15 µm and the phase evolved was FCC. The microstructural characterization of the processed surface showed greater grain refinement with uniform distribution of the reinforced HEA particles. The refined grains were 0.65 µm average in size which evinced the subsequent properties enhancement. The following mechanical testing revealed 47% and 49.8% improvement in microhardness and tensile strength. The ultrarefined grains alongside the strengthening mechanisms and the influence of HEA elevated the mechanical properties of the HEA-processed sample against the processed base plate. The pin-on-disc test for varying test parameters showed improved wear resistance for the processed samples with HEA where the inclusion of HEA and the attained grain refinement is credited for the betterment in wear resistance. The worn surface was characterized to analyze the wear mechanisms involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement in the alloys led the development of High Entropy Alloys (HEA) that possess improved performance and characteristics. In the current study, AlCoCrFeNi HEA powder was synthesised using gas atomisation and coated onto SS316L stainless steel substrate using the atmospheric plasma spraying process. The microstructural characterisation of the synthesised HEA powder exhibited spherical morphology with a mean particle size of 20 µm. The crystal structure is observed to be BCC phase. The coated samples displayed uniform coating with homogenous distribution of HEA over the coating thickness of 150 µm. The microhardness of the coated samples had an increment of 2.46 times against the uncoated samples due to the excellent bonding and fine dispersion of HEA. The subsequent wear test performed by varying the process parameters revealed improved wear resistance on the coated samples than the uncoated samples. The lower range of load, sliding velocity and sliding distance of coated samples offered 83.92 %, 76.56 % and 74.59 % increments in wear resistance respectively and the characterisation of the worn surface revealed the mechanism to be plastic delamination and adhesive wear. The corrosion test conducted in 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolytic solution also exhibited better corrosion resistance for the coated samples due to the formation of an oxide layer along the coating acting as a protective layer for the enhanced resistance to corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart Grid is an electrical network that uses digital and other advanced technology to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generating sources to meet the varying demand of the end-users. The important nodes of the Smart Grid are the phasor measurement unit(PMU),Smart meter(SM) and phasor data concentrator(PDC). All PMU's within substation will form a communication network with a gate-way node called phasor data concentrator which updates data from PMU's within the cluster range. Proper management of data exchange between PMU's and PDC's are an essential thing to meet in the concept of Smart Grid. In this paper we are considering PMU as a sensor node and PDC as a central node and the data is exchanged between this nodes. Proposed intrusion detection algorithm, Packet loss avoidance using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol and security algorithm improves system security in response to malicious attacks. Network simulator NS2 is used to create simulation scenario for detecting attacks. Hardware is tested using LPC2148 microcontrollers and Zigbee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of smart grid technology acts as new brain to the power generation and distribution network. Through this technology, the network is not only going to get integrated and turn communicable all over the country but also the demand will be monitored by the control centers and at peak time the usage of electricity is going to cost higher than the nominal rate with intimation given to the customer through sms and mail. Hence it's time for the consumers to act smart or else they will end up receiving highly billed statements. This project presents an idea of having a power hub which has control over all the loads individually. The hub detects the peak time demand and reduces the load usage by switching off unwanted loads with a priority that is being set by the consumer based on game theory's algorithm which schedules load usage by creating several possible schedule vector for consumers such that demand is never raised. This could be done both individually and among multiple users of a community or area. The power hub can also monitor our energy usage and creates an order of importance among the loads, thus providing intelligence to the consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ever increasing need of electricity has paved the need for Smart Grids. Smart Meters, digitalized networks and fault tolerant systems are the basic infrastructure which supports Smart Grid. Security in Smart Grid has become a major concern in the present scenario. In this paper we have proposed security architecture at the last mile distribution in Home Area Networks. A Secure communication architecture has been modeled which focuses on secure data transmission between the Smart Meters at home and Central Gateway at the utility centre. Hybrid Encryption algorithms and Digital Signature has been used to provide data integrity. The strength of the model has been verified with the help of an attacker and the model is found to resist attacks. The Encryption time and Decryption time of the cyptostack is lower when compared with other encryption algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present study deals with the fabrication of aluminium/boron carbide metal matrix composite and investigation on its tribological behavior. The composite incorporated with 5 wt% of boron carbide particles with an average size 33 μmwas fabricated through stir casting process. The microstructure of this composite was examined and uniform distribution of reinforced particles in the matrix was observed. Wear experiments were conducted on pin-on-disc tester based on Taguchi's L 27 orthogonal array using three process parameters such as applied load, sliding velocity and distance; each varied for three levels. Loads of 10 N, 20 N, 30 N; velocities of 1 m/s, 2 m/s, 3 m/s and distances of 1000 m, 1500 m, 2000 m were considered for analyzing the wear behavior of composite. Optimum parameters were found out using Signal-to-Noise ratio by choosing ‘Smaller-the-better’ characteristics for wear rate and coefficient of friction. Influence of individual parameter and their interactions on the responses was predicted using Analysis of Variance. Results depicted that both wear rate and coefficient of friction increases with load and decreases with velocity and distance. Worn out surfaces of the composite specimen were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope for predicting the wear mechanism. It was observed that, severe delamination occurred as applied load increased from 10 N to 30 N. This tribological analysis can be utilized to replace the conventional automotive materials with aluminium metal matrix composites having better wear characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionally graded aluminium metal matrix composite (Al-Si5Cu3/B 4 C) was fabricated through liquid metallurgy route followed by horizontal centrifugal casting method. The casting was obtained under the centrifugal die rotating speed of 1250 rpm and has the dimensions of length 150 mm, outer diameter 160 mm and thickness 20 mm. The microstructural test was performed at the surfaces those were at the distances of 3, 9 and 15 mm from the outer periphery of the casting. The tribological performance of the composite was studied using Design of Experiments. The wear experiments were conducted on the dry abrasion tester as per L 27 orthogonal array using silica sand AFS 50/70 as an abrasive medium. The parameters such as load (28, 40, 52 N), speed (100, 150, 200 rpm) and distance (3, 9, 15 mm from the outer periphery of the casting) were varied for three levels. The response studied was wear rate and the wear performance was analysed by choosing “Smaller-the-better” characteristics. The influence of parameters such as applied load, sliding speed and distance from the outer periphery of the casting on the response was studied by using Analysis of Variance and Signal-to-Noise ratio. The results revealed that distance from the outer periphery of the casting has the major impact on the wear rate followed by load and speed. The worn out surfaces were subjected to Scanning Electron Microscope analysis and the wear mechanisms were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key teaching points • Muir-Torre Syndrome (MTS) is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that results from a mutation in mismatch repair genes. It is characterized by sebaceous neoplasms, keratoacanthomas, and visceral neoplasm(s) affecting the colon, uterus, ovaries, bladder, or other organs. • Mismatch repair immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability testing of sebaceous neoplasms are available to confirm a diagnosis of MTS. • Early recognition of cutaneous features of MTS could lead to early diagnosis and prevention of advanced neoplasms in patients and family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern world demands for more and more electric power, but there is a limit for which nature can provide us. In order to meet the growing demand for energy, we need to find new resources and allocate them efficiently. This is where the concept of smart grid comes into picture. Smart grid consists of a power grid with both renewable and non renewable sources of energy like thermal, hydro, wind turbines and nuclear reactors. It is the duty of the smart grid to reduce losses, and thereby meet the demand in a more efficient way. Smart grid will be an automated grid, which can route the power from different generating stations based on the demand schedule. The evolution into the smart grid is not an easy task. It needs innovation in various aspects like real time demand scheduling, fault detection and self healing. Smart grid will have a sophisticated information network, which is separate from the power lines. This paper presents a smart grid test bed based on GSM technology which is capable of load management, fault detection and self healing. The test bed system consists of automated power switches, smart meters, energy sources and load. The communication for the system is achieved through GSM modules. This test bed will allow the implementation of various protocols and methodologies, which could be used for researching the problems in smart grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: Cheilanthes farinosa (Forsk.) Kaulf., family: Adianthaceae, is a fern of immense medicinal properties used in ethno-medicine. The Gaddis tribe of Himachal Pradesh, India, has been using this fern to treat liver damage. Aim of the current study was to determine the apoptosis inducing and cytotoxic activity, if any, of this fern towards hepatic cancer cells. Materials and methods: Water extract of the plant was used in the study. MTT assay was performed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, Hep3B as well as murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7 to analyze the cytotoxic activity of the plant. Further, the apoptosis inducing action of water extract of the plant was evaluated using comet assay, DNA fragmentation analysis, DAPI staining of chromatin and Annexin V-FITC staining. Results: This plant was found to produce considerable cytotoxicity in hepatoma cell line, Hep3B without inducing substantial damage to non-cancerous cell line RAW264.7. In addition, this plant was found to induce apoptosis in Hep3B cells. This was substantiated by comet assay, DNA fragmentation analysis, DAPI staining of chromatin and Annexin V-FITC staining for detecting early stage of apoptosis. Conclusions: This investigation shows that the water extract of Cheilanthes farinosa has antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in human liver cancer cells and is not deleterious towards non-cancerous macrophage cell line. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A recessive nonsense mutation in the zebrafish recombination activating gene 1 (rag1) gene results in defective V(D)J recombination; however, animals homozygous for this mutation (rag1 −/−) are reportedly viable and fertile in standard, nonsterile aquarium conditions but display increased mortality after intraperitoneal injection with mycobacteria. Based on their survival in nonsterile environments, we hypothesized that the rag1 −/− zebrafish may possess an “enhanced” innate immune response to compensate for the lack of an adaptive immune system. To test this hypothesis, microarray analyses were used to compare the expression profiles of the intestines and hematopoietic kidneys of rag1 deficient zebrafish to the expression profiles of control (heterozygous) siblings. The expression levels of 12 genes were significantly altered in the rag1 −/− kidney including the up regulation of a putative interferon stimulated gene, and the down regulation of genes encoding fatty acid binding protein 10, keratin 5 and multiple heat shock proteins. The expression levels of 87 genes were shown to be significantly altered in the rag1 −/− intestine; the majority of these differences reflect increased expression of innate immune genes, including those of the coagulation and complement pathways. Subsequent analyses of orthologous coagulation and complement genes in Rag1 −/− mice indicate increased transcription of the complement C4 gene in the Rag1 −/− intestine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The study revealed that there exists genetic variability amongst the accessions of Chinese potato and that the morphological as well as the molecular tools were found very effective in the characterization of germplasm of Chinese potato which will be useful for the development of core collections and further use in the crop improvement programs. Placed next to cereals, the root and tuber crops are rich sources of carbohydrates that are well known for their medicinal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, culinary and ornamental properties besides their wide range of industrial applications. Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.) J. K. Morton commonly called 'Chinese potato' is one amongst tubers which are commonly consumed mainly by the people of Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of India and is known as "Koorkka" in their native language. In the present study, assessment of genetic variability amongst 27 accessions of Chinese potato maintained in the field genebank of ICAR-CTCRI was done using morphological and molecular markers. Cluster analysis, grouped the 27 accessions into three major clusters based on morphological traits and molecular markers. Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis showed maximum genetic similarity between the variety Sree Dhara and TCR-136 and the least between TCR-136 and TCR-110 morphologically. Ten ISSR markers screened and optimized revealed high overall percent polymorphism of 97.82. Cluster analysis by ISSR showed maximum genetic similarity between TCR-120 and ASA-10 and the least between SAASV-20 and TCR-111. It is inferred that the morphological characters and molecular markers used in the study were effective in germplasm characterization and genetic diversity studies in Chinese potato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface coating on metal substrates has remained a difficult challenge for researchers due to the conflicting requirements for different properties. In recent years, due to their mechanical, thermal, electrical, and tribological properties in many advanced engineering applications, functionally graded coatings (FGCs) have become fascinating materials for researchers worldwide to obtain coatings with specific requirements. FGCs are a novel type of traditional composites in which phases are not equally distributed to form a smooth gradient structure; thus, gradient coatings have shown a new research path. Therefore, this paper critically reviews the different FGC processing techniques by describing the fundamental problems and potential of these processes based on existing literature. Additionally, this research presents the most important potential applications and future challenges for gradient coatings. Consequently, the results expected from the paper are considered a guideline that enables the interested in this field to make informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Many childhood diseases often present with skin abnormalities with which radiologists are largely unfamiliar. Knowledge of associated dermatologic manifestations may aid the radiologist in confirming the diagnosis and recommending targeted imaging of affected organs. Methods We review the imaging findings in childhood diseases associated with dermatologic manifestations. Findings Diseases include dermatologic findings which herald underlying malignancy (Neuroblastoma, leukemia/lymphoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis),are associated with risk of malignancy (Epidermolysis Bullosa, basal cell nevus syndrome, Cowden's syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis),or indicate a systemic inflammatory/immune disorder (Kawasaki's disease, Henoch Schonlein Purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, sarcoidosis, dermatomyositis and immune thrombocytopenic purpura). Conclusion Familiarity with pertinent findings in childhood diseases presenting with dermatologic manifestations in childhood diseases aids the radiologist in confirming the diagnosis and guiding imaging workup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Phyllanthus rheedei Wight is a plant used by Muthuvan tribes of Kerala for treating liver related diseases. Materials and methods The different extracts of Phyllanthus rheedei were analysed on cell lines were viz , PLC/PRF, Hep3B, FLCII10 and HepG2215 for its anti-HBV property. The analysis was done through ELISA, SQRT-PCR and immuno blotting. The most active extract was then divided in to fractions using HPTLC and the most active fraction was further identified. Results From the screening experiments it was shown that the ethanol extract of this plant has the maximum activity in lowering the viral markers like HBsAg, HBV Core and HBV X protein and whole virions with comparatively lesser cytotoxicity. The dose responses of this particular extract were further established. Conclusions This study concluded that the ethanol extract of Phyllanthus rheedei is very much effective in preventing the multiplication of HBV at the cellular level. This study scientifically validated the tribal claim of the use of this plant for severe liver disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the integration of graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO 2 into paraffin wax to enhance its thermal energy storage capabilities. Dispersing graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO 2 nanoparticles at weight percentages of 0.5 and 1.0 respectively, in paraffin wax yielded mono and hybrid phase change materials (HYB). Transmission electron microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the size and phases of secondary particles of graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO 2. Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Thermal Conductivity Measurement were employed to investigate the impact of hybrid nanoparticles on thermo physical characteristics of paraffin wax. The weight fraction of nano particles distributed in the PCMs is directly related to the enhancement of thermal conductivity of hybrid PCM. The highest enhancement in thermal conductivity was observed when hybrid nanoparticles were present at a weight fraction of 1 %. The analysis shows that mixing graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO 2 with paraffin wax was uniform and the hybrid nanoparticles boosted its thermal conductivity by 38 %, 42 %, and 50 %, respectively. Experimental evidence indicate that the addition of nanoparticles can decrease the melting temperature and increase the solidification temperature of hybrid phase change materials (PCMs). When dispersed in large quantities, nanoparticles can alter properties like latent heat, specific heat, and viscosity. These promising findings suggest that graphene nanoplatelets and nano SiO 2 can enhance paraffin wax's thermal properties for thermal storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electron Beam Melting based Ti-6Al-4V parts plays a predominant role in the field of bio medical and aerospace applications, especially in the aero due to its sustainability. However, there were not enough studies on nano-mechanical properties that looked at how phase changes during the heat and cooling process affected the printing process. With the assistance of OM and FESEM with EDX, the EBM Ti64 coupons were analysed for the grain orientation and phase transformation studies. The FESEM with EDX supported the existence of columnar grains and orthogonally oriented martensitic needles. Additionally, both XRD and TEM confirmed the presence of vanadium-rich precipitates and the HCP α-Ti and BCC β-Ti phases. EBSD analysis was adopted to further investigate the orientation of grains. The nano-hardness and elastic reduced modulus mapping confirmed the phase transformation to martensitic phase. The strong "martensitic" phase had a maximum reduced modulus of 183.5 GPa and a hardness value of 7.31 GPa. However, the EBM based Ti64 possesses an average nano-hardness and reduced modulus of 4.26 GPa and 118.3 GPa under the applied load of 2500μN. In addition, topographic wear and scratch tracks confirmed the soft nature of α colonies by forming more piles of materials, while nano-wear and scratch analysis predicted the functions caused by the presence of hard martensitic phases. The SR sensitivity of the Ti64 specimens was investigated using three different quasi-static strain rates. It was determined that the EBM Ti64 parts have a considerable effect over the strain rate, whereas, a quasi-static strain rate allowed for the achievement of the highest possible Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and ductility. • Vanadium-rich precipitates and the HCP α-Ti and BCC β-Ti phases were found. • α´ martensitic phase had a predominant role in influencing the nano-mechanical properties. • Various stages that influence the grain structure of the EBM processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy were studied. • Strain rate sensitivity of the EBM produced Ti-6Al-4V specimens was investigated using different quasi-static strain rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, the nanowear test of wire arc additive manufactured Al5356 alloy showed the plastic deformation and melt wear at 3500µN load. However, melt wear and pit formation have occurred at 5500µN that increased the coefficient of friction (CoF) to 0.82. Surprisingly, further increase of load to 7500µN, the surface become smooth and CoF decreased to 0.67 due to the transformation of melt wear to a self-healing zone. The MgO and Mg Al 2 O 4 formation at the wear track region reduced the CoF as well as the percentage of wear depth at 7500µN. Hence, the specimen exhibited high CoF and wear depth up to 5500µN. Further, increase in applied normal load would reduce both CoF and percentage of wear depth. [Display omitted] • Al 5356 alloy was produced through wire arc additive manufacturing method. • Increase in applied normal load would reduce both CoF and percentage of wear depth. • Increasing applied load, the CoF decreased due to the transformation of melt wear to a self-healing zone. • MgO and Mg Al 2 O 4 formation at the wear track region play major role and reduced the CoF and wear depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an attempt was made to reuse magnesium chips for producing gradient composite reinforced with silicon carbide particles to evaluate wear behavior. The findings revealed a significant improvement in the distribution and gradient of particles within the matrix as a result of the use of magnesium chips, which led to an improvement in wear characteristics. The hardness and wear resistance of the graded composite with chips at the outer zone improved by 23 % and 20 %, respectively, compared to the composite without chips, and by 48 % and 57 %, respectively, compared to the AZ91D alloy. Additionally, wear results suggest that using chip waste to make gradient composites with outstanding surface wear resistance is a sustainable way of reusing magnesium chips. • Functionally graded composite using magnesium chips as matrix materials was fabricated successfully by centrifugal casting. • The hardness and wear resistance of the graded composite with chips were significantly improved. • When applied load and sliding speed increase, wear resistance begins to decrease. • Abrasion, oxidation, delamination, and melt wear mechanisms were observed. • Wear map was established in all zones of the graded composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]