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Research indicates that there is a strong association between childhood adversity and youth suicide and self-harm. However, there is currently a lack of understanding about the patterns of adversity most frequently experienced by youth across social settings, and whether these typologies differently predict youth engagement in suicide and self-harm. This study examines the dominant patterns of adversity experienced by adolescents across home, peer, and school contexts, and explores the relationship between youth's adversity profiles and their suicide and self-harm outcomes, across a two year period (2020–2022). Secondary analyses were performed on data collected from 10,281 (50 % male) adolescents who participated in the Irish Planet Youth questionnaire in 2020 (n = 5004) or 2022 (n = 5277). Findings from clustered latent class analyses indicated that there are four dominant profiles of adversity experienced by adolescents. Class 1 (Multiple Adversity) was characterised by a high probability of experiencing adversity across multiple social settings. Class 2 (Parent Adversity) had a strong likelihood of experiencing adversity with parents. Class 3 (Peer Adversity) were likely to experience adversity within the peer/friend domain. Class 4 was characterised by a low probability of experiencing adversity. Findings from logistic regression models with BCH training weights indicated that there were significant differences in self-harm and suicidality across the adversity classes. In comparison to the low adversity group, adolescents in the multiple adversity group were more likely to self-harm and attempt suicide. These findings are based on cross-sectional data and rely on the use of single-item measurements, which may limit the generalisability of findings. Results indicate that youth who experience adversity across home, peer and school contexts are at the greatest risk of engaging in suicide and self-harm. These findings have important implications for policy and practice, and suggest that youth experiencing adversity across multiple settings should be priority targets for intervention. • Youth who experience adversity are at greater risk of suicide and self-harm. • Youth who experience adversity across multiple settings are most at risk. • Greater consideration of the context in which adversity is experienced is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents who are placed in Residential Care (RC) show an increased risk of antisocial behavior. From a restorative perspective, it has been proposed that interventions carried out in RC might significantly reduce the probability of negative consequences in adolescents, provided that they are adapted to the specific needs of this population. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to identify different subgroups of adolescents placed in RC on the basis of different dynamic factors and analyze their relation with antisocial behavior and family violence. For that purpose, the sample was composed of 145 adolescents aged 11 to 19 (M = 14.80; SD = 1.80), 59.3% males, from 19 out-of home centers in Galicia (NW Spain). Information was collected through the Juvenile Offender's Risk Assessment (VRAI) protocol. Results show three specific risk profiles that were identified on the basis of different dynamic factors: a low-risk, a middle-risk, and a high-risk profile. The high-risk group revealed the highest scores on different types of antisocial behavior whereas the low-risk group evidenced the opposite pattern of risk, with relationships with antisocial behavior being the weakest. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for the Child Welfare System and contribute to the development of specific intervention strategies in RC. • Three profiles of adolescents in RC were identified on the basis of dynamic factors. • The high-risk subgroup evidenced the strongest relation with antisocial behavior. • No significant differences between subgroups were found on family violence. • These results contribute to the development of specific intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Although previous research has made progress in identifying individuals predicted to face an elevated risk of being shot, it is not clear how that risk varies within individuals based on the contexts they encounter as they navigate daily life. The current study examines how the convergence of individual risk activity and neighborhood disadvantage and disorder triggers the risk of being shot. Methods Using a novel geographic information system application, 123 male gunshot assault victims between 10 and 24 years old in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, described their minute-by-minute movements over the course of the day of the gunshot assault. Through latent class analysis, the primary exposure was real-life circumstance where nine theoretically informed risk factors converged, compared with two other circumstances. Case-crossover analyses of subjects' 10-minute segments of full-day activities compared gunshot assault victims at the time of assault with themselves earlier in the day. Results Compared to when individuals were exposed to minimal situational risk or were mainly exposed to neighborhood disadvantage and disorder, the concurrence of risk activity and neighborhood disadvantage and disorder was associated with a 9.90 (95% CI: 2.72–36.14) and 6.06 (95% CI: 2.78–13.22) times higher risk of being shot. Importantly, the likelihood of being in the high-risk circumstance increased systematically over the course of the day leading up to the time when young individuals were shot. Conclusions After controlled individual's propensity to be shot (e.g., inherent traits), the concurrence of situational risks emerged as significant triggers of gunshot assault. The findings suggest potential for community-based gunshot violence interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US DOE-funded National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) has developed an integrated assessment model (NRAP-IAM-CS) that can be used to simulate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) injection, migration, and associated impacts at a geologic carbon storage site. The model, NRAP-IAM-CS, incorporates a system-modeling-based approach while taking into account the full subsurface system from the storage reservoir to groundwater aquifers and the atmosphere. The approach utilizes reduced order models (ROMs) that allow fast computations of entire system performance even for periods of hundreds to thousands of years. The ROMs are run in Monte Carlo mode allowing estimation of uncertainties of the entire system without requiring long computational times. The NRAP-IAM-CS incorporates ROMs that realistically represent several key processes and properties of storage reservoirs, wells, seals, and groundwater aquifers. Results from the NRAP-IAM-CS model are used to quantify risk profiles for selected parameter distributions of reservoir properties, seal properties, numbers of wells, well properties, thief zones, and groundwater aquifer properties. A series of examples is used to illustrate how the risk under different storage conditions evolves over time, both during injection, in the near-term post injection period, and over the long term. It is also shown how results from NRAP-IAM-CS can be used to investigate the importance of different parameters on risk of leakage and risk of groundwater contamination under different storage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper explores empirical evidence as well as a theoretical model of fisheries in the Black Sea which have become depleted as a result of both environmental degradation and overexploitation. We examine overfishing and the optimal fish catch, and derive evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) from a game theory perspective by using agent risk profiles. We explain how risk-averse fishers may choose to fish at unsustainable levels, even though it may reduce their overall fish catch in the long run. Risk attitudes of artisanal fishers within the frameworks of expected utility and prospect theories also have implications on risk aversion and non-cooperation. We explore how social norms between fishers could encourage cooperation in fishing at sustainable levels, but find that these norms and information networks have not developed enough in the Black Sea to be effective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) is a US-Department of Energy (US-DOE) effort focused on developing a science-based methodology for quantifying risk profiles at geologic CO2 sequestration sites. Risk profiles are calculated using an integrated assessment modelling (IAM) approach which treats a geologic CO2 storage site as a system and uses a system modelling approach to predict time-dependent behaviour of the storage site. We have developed first generation risk profiles associated with a few key potential impacts due to CO2 leakage from a sequestration reservoir, including change in groundwater quality in a shallow aquifer and return of CO2 to the atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The controlling and auditing of organizational transactions in real time allows to determine the degree of reliability with which they are carried out, mitigating the organizational risk. This paper presents a solution proposal under a new vision for organizational auditing and monitoring in real time since it is focused on the implementation of continuous assurance services in organizational transactions in compliance with the formalisms of a business ontological model. Furthermore, this paper contributes for a new paradigm of the transactional auditing, which is intended to be at a very low and detailed level of organizational transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aimed to develop a criterion for screening high risk elderly using Demura''s fall risk assessment chart (DFRA), compared with the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of gerontology (TMIG) fall risk assessment chart. Participants included 1122 healthy elderly individuals aged 60 years and over (380 males and 742 females) 15.8% of whom had experienced a fall. We assessed fall risk of the elderly by DFRA and TMIG. To develop a criterion for screening high fall risk subjects among community-dwelling elderly, receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted using fall experience (separated into the categories of faller and non-faller) and the following fall risk scale scores: (1) TMIG score, (2) DFRA score, and (3) potential for falling score according to the DFRA (summing the scores of three items). In ROC analyses, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for evaluating the potential for falling gave a value of 0.797 (95% CI=0.759–0.834) which proved better than the evaluation of the overall TMIG (0.654, 95% CI=0.600–0.706) and DFRA scores (0.680, 95% CI=0.633–0.727). Assessment of the potential for falling and fall experience are of benefit in screening for elderly persons deemed to be at a high fall risk. Further examinations based on the prospective data setting will be required. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Detection of on farm and transport animal welfare problems at slaughterhouse level is a key issue for the meat industry; however, usually, the assessments do not include basic aspects of animal health. For that reason, it is necessary to develop an assessment method that has an integrative scope and identifies the risk profiles in animals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect cattle welfare indicators that can be implemented at the slaughterhouse level and to develop integrated risk profiles based on the animal's origin, pre-slaughter logistics, and animal-based indicators. We recorded the origin, commercial category, transportation details, and horn size of 1040 cattle upon arrival at the slaughterhouse. Cattle welfare was measured based on individual scores for vocalizations, stunning shots, carcass bruises, meat pH, severe hoof injuries, and organ condemnations. To characterize operational and logistic practices from the farm to the slaughterhouse, a two-step cluster analysis was applied to the aforementioned variables (production system, cattle type, horn size, journey distance, vehicle type), which identified four clusters: small feedlot and free-range profile (C1, n = 216, 20.8 %), feedlot profile (C2, n = 193, 18.6 %), culled dairy cows profile (C3, n = 262, 25.2 %), and free-range profile (C4, n = 369, 35.5 %). The animal's diet and environmental conditions might have influenced the development of hoof disorders in C1 animals (P = 0.023), the proportion of animals that were re-shot was highest in C2 animals (P = 0.033), and C3 and C4 animals were most likely to suffer injuries such as severe bruising (P = 0.001). In addition, the number of stunning shots, meat pH, carcass bruises, severe hoof injuries, and liver condemnations, explained a significant variation in the incidence of various health and welfare consequences based on an animal's origin, which confirmed their importance as 'welfare iceberg' indicators. The study provided detailed data that can be included into assessment methods for the welfare of slaughter cattle, which can be tailored to specific production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 1998 to 2000 an integrated software package for grounding and collision analysis was developed at the Technical University of Denmark within the project: Information technology for increased safety and efficiency in ship design and operation. The cost of the software development was 6 man-years. The software provides a toolbox for a multitude of analyses related to collision and grounding accidents. The software consists of three basic analysis modules and one risk mitigation module: (1) frequency, (2) damage, and (3) consequence. These modules can be used individually or in series and the analyses can be performed in deterministic or probabilistic mode. Finally, in the mitigation module risk profiles for the calculated consequences can be calculated and compared to alternative solutions by assignment of a cost function to the consequences. Thus, the possible analyses range from a deterministic crash analysis to a comparative risk analysis of two vessels operating on a specified route where the result is the probability density functions for the cost of oil outflow in a given area per year for the two vessels. In this paper, we describe the basic modelling principles and the capabilities of the software package. The software package can be downloaded for research purposes from www.ish.dtu.dk/GRACAT. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The exposure risk of droplets and aerosols emitted from the oral cavity to the dental professionals and patients has received more attention especially the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19. The aim of this study is to address the question about how the use of the high-volume evacuation (HVE) alters the risk profiles compared with the situation only personal protective equipment (PPE). The risk profiles of the different situations were analyzed in terms of droplet velocity, flow field characteristics, and particle removal efficiency. The ultrasonic scaling with suction was performed in the mock-up experimental dental clinic, and the instantaneous moment when the HVE acted on the droplets was visualized using a laser light scattering technique. From the results of the velocity profiles, the hypothesis about the moderate effect of the HVE on high-velocity small droplets near the mannequin's mouth had been firstly proven in this study. The suction can be characterized as low-threshold equipment to bring substantial benefits to reduce the area of the contaminated region. Once the cooperation of suction, the pair of vortexes that were in the face shield area of the dental professional would be eliminated, removing the high-level contaminated region near the breathing area of dental professionals. Compared with the low and medium volume evacuation, the particle removal efficiency of the HVE was more stable at 60%. The research will provide references to the HVE recommendation in the dentistry clinical practice guidelines. • Proving the hypothesis about the moderate effect of HVE on high-velocity droplets. • Suction can be characterized as low-threshold equipment to bring substantial benefits. • Altering the risk profiles by eliminating the pair of vortexes in the face shield area. • The particle removal efficiency of the HVE was more stable at 60%. • The research would provide references to the dentistry clinical practice guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents who are admitted to secure residential care have a high risk of delinquency after discharge. However, this risk may differ between subgroups in this heterogeneous population of adolescents with severe psychiatric problems and disruptive problem behaviour. In this study, the predictive validity of four risk profiles was examined for the number of minor, moderate, and severe offences after discharge from secure residential care. The sample comprised 238 male former patients of a hospital for youth forensic psychiatry and orthopsychiatry in the Netherlands. In three Poisson regression analyses, the relationship between four previously identified risk profiles and the number of minor, moderate, and severe offences after discharge was examined. The results showed that the four risk profiles differed significantly in the number of minor, moderate, and severe offences after discharge. Post hoc analysis revealed no mediating effect of termination of treatment on the relationship between the risk profiles and the number of minor, moderate, and severe offending after discharge. Adolescents with many risk factors in multiple domains and adolescents with mainly family risks have an increased risk of persistent delinquency after discharge. Treatment should be tailored more effectively to the specific risks and needs of these adolescents. • Admitted adolescents to secure residential care have a high risk of (re)offending. • Absence of previous convictions is protective for minor and severe (re)offending. • Four risk profiles differed on the number of minor, moderate, and severe offences. • A dose-response relationship was one but not a full explanation for the findings. • Residential treatment need to be tailored more to the adolescents' risks and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

30 years after the United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC) and two years after the new EU data protection regime, the social value of forgiveness is not part of these legal instruments. The lack of this value within these legal instruments and the lack of research on the subject of forgiveness in relation to improving the legal position of children require urgent addressing especially when children are exposed to artificial intelligence (AI)-mediated risk profiling practices by Dutch government authorities. Developmental psychologists underline that the erosion of this value could hamper children's ability to develop flourishing human relationships. This article contributes to fill this niche. It investigates how this value can be enforced in order to benefit children below the age of 12 years that are exposed to risk profiling by Dutch law enforcement and youth care authorities. Children who are victims, witnesses, or falsely accused provide a particular narrowing of focus in this article as these groups cannot be held responsible for their correlations to crime. Strengthening children's legal position is crucial because their position is much weaker compared to adults when it comes to question a risk correlation about themselves. These children correlated to crime, as this paper argues, not only can feel unjustifiably punished, 'unforgiven', and hampered in their choices, but can also develop low self-worth and (negative) judgmental attitudes towards others. Based on input from developmental psychology, empirical material, and legal desk research, this article seeks to answer: What remedies can the Law Enforcement Directive (LED) 2016/680, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and the United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC) offer against the detrimental implications of risk profiling children by the ProKid 12- SI system and the Crime Anticipation System (CAS) in The Netherlands? How can the social value of forgiveness strengthen these instruments and the legal position of children in light of security interests and the best interests of the child? The analysis concludes that the CRC offers the broadest room for incorporating the principle of forgiveness into balancing tests, but certain LED and GDPR prescriptions could also support the value of forgiveness for children, such as the right to erasure. The analysis concludes that incorporating forgiveness into the mentioned legal instruments would not only benefit individual children but would also foster public safety as a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: January 2011, the Dutch Multidisciplinary Guideline for Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUPS) and Somatoform Disorder (SD) was published. The aim was to set a standard for multidisciplinary prevention, diagnosis and treatment of MUPS and SD. Methods: First, the Multidisciplinary Guideline group defined a conceptual approach for the guideline. After this, a systematic literature review, followed by consensus meetings in the Multidisciplinary working group, aimed to answer the following questions: 1) What evidence exists for preventive interventions, including the patient-doctor communication in MUPS and SD? 2) How can the diagnosis of MUPS be established? 3) What effective treatments of MUPS are available? 4) Which types of treatment are most effective for which patients? Results: As conceptual approach for the guideline, based on existing literature, in this guideline MUPS are considered a category of symptoms that have many common aspects and are best approached by one, generic approach. 1) Research for preventive interventions and the patient-doctor relationship in MUPS and SD is scanty. 2) To establish the diagnosis of MUPS or SD, the GP should follow a parallel somatic-psychosocial diagnostic step plan. 3) A Systematic Review identified Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT), treatment of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorder, psychiatric consultation with a Consultation Letter to General Practitioners (GPs) and stepped care as evidence based interventions for MUPS and SD. 4) In order to apply the best fitting treatment to patients, patient risk profiles were formulated to guide stepped-care treatment that should start at an appropriate level and treatment setting. Three levels are discerned: Low risk patients need reassurement by the GP. Moderate risk patients suffer from comorbidity. They need case-management and generally can be treated by the GP as well, who can be supported by psychiatric consultation. High risk patients often have long term SD and a perturbed patient-doctor relationship with their GP. For this group, specialist mental health treatment is needed. Conclusion: Disease-managament based on risk profiles, providing stepped care and case management by the GP, supported by psychiatric consultation with a consultation letter, and mental health in-patient multidisciplinary treatment for severe cases, is the recommended strategy of the Dutch Multidisciplinary Guideline for MUPS and SD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been shown to be a powerful approach to identify risk loci for neurodegenerative diseases. Recent GWAS in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been successful in identifying numerous risk variants pointing to novel pathways potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Contributing to these GWAS efforts, we performed genotyping of previously identified risk alleles in PD patients and control subjects from Greece. We showed that previously published risk profiles for Northern European and American populations are also applicable to the Greek population. In addition, although our study was largely underpowered to detect individual associations, we replicated 5 of 32 previously published risk variants with nominal p values <0.05. Genome-wide complex trait analysis revealed that known risk loci explain disease risk in 1.27% of Greek PD patients. Collectively, these results indicate that there is likely a substantial genetic component to PD in Greece, similarly to other worldwide populations, that remains to be discovered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]