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We investigated the temporal changes from spring to summer of the stranded litter and the composition of plastic encrusting biota along an Italian beach. Our findings highlight a higher quantity of litter (average value 1510.67 ± 581.27 items) in spring, particularly plastic material with a composition driven by currents, winds and waves transported from rivers to sea. During summer the source was caused by anti-social behaviours (e.g. cigarettes). Regarding the plastic size, the most is macroplastic (85.96 %), followed by mesoplastic (13.74 %) and megaplastic (0.30 %) overall, and no seasonal trend was observed. Concerning the encrusting biota, Mollusca was the most frequent phylum found on plastic beach litter, whereas Porifera the most abundant overall. During spring a greater abundance of individuals was recorded compared to summer. The trend of taxa richness was decreasing from spring to summer. Arthropoda, Porifera and Mollusca phyla were significantly more abundant in spring, while Algae in summer. • Temporal turnover of beach litter and encrusting biota is investigated. • Cotton buds are dominant plastic items in Central Italy beach. • Litter source is land based, mainly due to the local tourism in summer. • A total of 9 taxa as plastic encrusting biota is found. • Arthropoda, Porifera, Mollusca are more abundant in spring, while Algae in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]