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This paper theoretically studies the thermo-magnetic loading effects on the long-term (>100 s, reaching the steady state) high-frequency (>100 Hz) dynamic behaviour of magnetic shape memory alloys actuated by cyclic magnetic fields. The material's dynamic behaviour at different levels of ambient heat-transfer, ambient temperature, applied magnetic field frequency and amplitude are simulated by a dynamic model incorporating both magnetic-field-induced martensite reorientation and temperature-driven martensitic phase transformation. Analytical expressions of the material's long-term steady-state behaviour (i.e., stable strain amplitude and temperature) as a function of ambient thermal conditions and magnetic loading conditions are further derived. It is found from model simulations and analytical calculations that weak ambient heat-transfer, high ambient temperature, and high magnetic field amplitude (to trigger martensite reorientation) lead to large net heat generation from dissipative martensite reorientation and thus increase material's stable temperature, which results in reduced twinning stress and increased stable strain amplitude. It is also found that the material's stable temperature can reach the characteristic phase transformation temperature triggering the martensite-to-austenite transformation. In this case, weaker ambient heat transfer, higher ambient temperature and higher magnetic field frequency result in larger heat generation rate accelerating the martensite-to-austenite transformation. Therefore, less martensite remains in the material and the material's stable strain amplitude becomes smaller. • This simulation incorporate both magnetic-field-induced martensite reorientation and temperature-driven phase transformation for the first time. • Analytical expressions of the material's long-term steady-state behaviour (i.e., stable strain amplitude and temperature) are established. • The material's temperature can reach the characteristic phase transformation temperature to trigger the martensite-to-austenite transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase change fibers (PCFs) as a kind of composite material, the composition and spatial distribution of each phase have a great influence on its thermal and mechanical properties. In this article, PCFs with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as sheath and 30% octadecane kerosene as core were prepared by coaxial electrospinning. It was found that octadecane had the highest supercooling degree when it was encapsulated in PVB. Thus, we used pure octadecane, 30% octadecane of isopropanol, chloroform, and kerosene solutions as core solutions, adjusted the fine structure of octadecane in PVB sheath, and four kinds of PCFs with different octadecane particle size and spacing were prepared. Successfully reduced the supercooling degree of octadecane. To compare the mechanical properties of the four fibers. It was found that the composite fiber obtained by using isopropanol as octadecane solvent had the most comprehensive mechanical performance. To find a universal method to control the distribution structure of phase change materials (PCMs) in fibers by coaxial electrospinning, we used PAN and PVDF as the sheath solution, pure octadecane, 30% octadecane in isopropanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, and kerosene solutions as a core solution to prepare the PCFs. Characterization results and analysis of the properties of solutions showed that only when the viscosity of the core and sheath solution was relatively low, it could obtain the bamboo-like structured fibers. And continuous core-sheath structured fibers could be obtained in two situations. First, the low viscosity of sheath solution and high viscosity of core solution; second, the high viscosity of sheath solution. [Display omitted] • Successfully prepared phase change fibers with different internal structures. • Optimize core distribution can suppress supercooling. • Optimize core distribution can improve mechanical properties. • Adjusting the solution viscosity can change the internal structure of the fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]