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Extended-release formulations of buprenorphine offer less frequent dosing, provide consistent medication delivery, and improve adherence for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). Although buprenorphine is a partial agonist with seemingly less precipitated withdrawal and easier initiation than full opioid agonists used for OUD, its use is not benign and understanding of the different extended-release formulations is necessary. We report a case of a patient that received a long-acting buprenorphine formulation (Sublocade®) administered subcutaneously that presented to the emergency department with tachycardia, hyperglycemia, elevated anion gap, and sustained nausea and vomiting refractory to pharmacotherapy requiring surgical removal of the buprenorphine depot for resolution of nausea and vomiting symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amphiphilic surfactant molecules can spontaneously self-assemble into various colloidal aggregates in aqueous solution. The heterogeneous microstructure and the dynamic assembling nature endow surfactant aggregates with the capability of encapsulating fluorophores and modulating their photophysical properties, and lead to wide applications in constructing fluorescent sensors. The present short review mainly focuses on introducing the advances of surfactant aggregates in constructing cross-reactive fluorescent sensor and arrays that can generate fingerprint recognition pattern and realize discrimination. The construction strategies based on both nonfluorescent surfactant aggregates and surfactant-like fluorescent amphiphile aggregates were particularly introduced. The important roles played by surfactant aggregates in each strategy were as well discussed. Due to the heterogeneous microstructure and dynamic assembling nature, surfactant aggregates have been widely applied in constructing cross-reactive sensors and arrays through different strategies for differentiation of multiple analytes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal oxide catalysts can significantly enhance the efficiency of the peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation to decompose refractory organic pollutants, and advanced strategies for improving the activation performance of the catalysts include exposing more metal active sites, optimizing the electronic structure, and enhancing cycling stability. Herein, a novel NiFe 2 O 4 /N-CNT composite was synthesized by the simple hydrothermal process. Additionally, the performance of the prepared catalysts can be adjusted by varying the content of N-doped precursors. The prepared NiFe 2 O 4 /N-CNT nanostructures had excellent activation properties for PDS, leading to sufficient free radicals and non-free radicals to degrade dyes. The system required only 0.07 g·L−1 of catalyst and 0.1 g·L−1 of PDS to degrade 100 mL (0.1 g·L−1) of reactive brilliant blue KN-R, and the degradation rate could reach 93 % within 30 min. The pH range was also wider, with excellent degradation under strong acidic conditions (pH=1). Moreover, it was highly adaptable to the common anions (Cl-, NO 3 -) and natural organic humic acid (HA) in the water body. This study expands the idea of the activation mechanism of peroxydisulfate (PDS) and successfully prepares catalysts for the effective degradation of organic dyes, showing the promising application of synergistic interaction between radicals and non-radicals in the degradation of persulfate. [Display omitted] • The constructed N-doped NiFe 2 O 4 /CNTs hybrid promoted the activation of PDS through both free and non-free radical mechanisms. • Ni-N coordination could highly modify the electronic structure of nearby carbon atoms and promote electron transfer. • The pH range was wide, and it still had good degradation performance under strong acidic conditions (pH=1). • The strong magnetism of the catalyst was very conducive to recovery would have stronger practicability. • The PDS activation mechanism was the synergistic effect of free radical (•O 2 -), non-free radical (1O 2) and electron transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• WFQ-228 is more efficacious than LFX in isolates with specific mutations. • The bactericidal effect is more frequently observed in MFX-susceptible isolates. • The heterogeneity in MICs of isolates with different mutations is noted across FQs. WFQ-228 is a novel developed fluoroquinolone (FQ) displaying potent antimicrobial activity against various clinical isolates of pathogens, including FQ-resistant isolates. The aim was to comparatively analyze in vitro susceptibilities of WFQ-228, levofloxacin (LFX), and moxifloxacin (MFX) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates, especially with gyrA mutations. We selected a panel of 75 MTB isolates, consisting of 25 FQ-susceptible and 50 FQ-resistant isolates determined by conventional drug susceptibility testing. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of FQs to MTB isolates were assessed. MFX exhibited the most potent activity against FQ-susceptible MTB, demonstrating a MIC 50 of 0.031 mg/L, which was lower than that of LFX and WFQ-228. Against FQ-resistant MTB isolates, the MIC 50 of WFQ-228 was higher than that of MFX but lower than that of LFX. For WFQ-228, there was a significant overlap existing in the MIC distributions between the probable susceptible (PS) and probable resistant (PR) groups. Six out of 50 PR isolates were classified as susceptible based on a proposed critical concentration (CC) of 0.5 mg/L, yielding a poor sensitivity of 88.0%. These discordant isolates had GyrA substitution in Ala90Val, Ser91Pro, and Asp94Tyr. Additionally, MFX exhibited bactericidal activity against MTB isolates without gyrA mutations, which was significantly higher than that of isolates with gyrA mutations. WFQ-228 is more efficacious than LFX in isolates with specific mutations conferring low-level FQ resistance. The bactericidal effect is noted more frequently in FQ-susceptible isolates than FQ-resistant isolates for MFX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant and are confirmed to be ubiquitous in the environment. Adverse effects of MPs on aquatic organisms have been widely studied, whereas little research has focused on soil invertebrates. We exposed the soil springtail Folsomia candida to artificial soils contaminated with polyethylene MPs (<500 μm) for 28 d to explore the effects of MPs on avoidance, reproduction, and gut microbiota. Springtails exhibited avoidance behaviors at 0.5% and 1% MPs (w/w in dry soil), and the avoidance rate was 59% and 69%, respectively. Reproduction was inhibited when the concentration of MPs reached 0.1% and was reduced by 70.2% at the highest concentration of 1% MPs compared to control. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC 50) value based on reproduction for F. candida was 0.29% MPs. At concentrations of 0.5% dry weight in the soil, MPs significantly altered the microbial community and decreased bacterial diversity in the springtail gut. Specifically, the relative abundance of Wolbachia significantly decreased while the relative abundance of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Ensifer and Stenotrophomonas significantly increased. Our results demonstrated that MPs exerted a significant toxic effect on springtails and can change their gut microbial community. This can provide useful information for risk assessment of MPs in terrestrial ecosystems. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Polyethylene microplastics significantly inhibited the reproduction of springtails. • The springtails exhibited strong avoidance to microplastics in the soil. • Exposure to microplastics altered gut microbiota and decreased bacterial diversity. • The inhibition of reproduction may be related to the alteration of gut microbiota. Polyethylene MPs exerted significant effect on the avoidance and reproduction behaviors of Folsomia candida and can change their gut microbial community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The composting of fresh manure is an effective way to inactivate pathogens and reduce the levels of antibiotics and some antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) prior to its application on agricultural land as organic fertilizer. However, some ARGs could still exist and even be enriched after composting. This study investigated whether converting composted pig manure into biochar could reduce the dissemination of ARGs into the soil in comparison with a compost amendment. We performed a pot experiment using pakchoi (Brassica chinensis), with two pig manure-based composts and the biochar derived from composted pig manure, as organic fertilizers. The distributions of the antibiotic resistome, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial community composition in soils during cultivation were evaluated by high-throughput qPCR and Illumina sequencing. The total ARGs and MGEs abundance in the biochar-treated soils were significantly lower than those in the compost-amended soils during cultivation. The total ARGs abundance in the biochar-amended soils was similar to that in the control soils during cultivation. Thus, the dissemination of ARGs from animal waste to the environment can be effectively mitigated by converting manure into biochar. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Composted manure and biochar produced from composted manure were applied to soil. • Applying biochar significantly reduced the abundance of ARGs and MGEs in soil compared with compost. • No significant difference for ARGs and MGEs was found between biochar-amended and control soils. • Turning composted manure into biochar is a useful technology to reduce ARGs abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Four flow patterns were identified (trickling flow, continuous flow, semi-dispersed flow and perfect-dispersed flow). • Transition mechanism between different flow patterns was discussed. • A physical model for the liquid film thickness of gas-liquid annular flow was proposed. • A method of equivalent length was used to develop pressure loss prediction model. Abstract Gas-liquid co-current downward flow through an orifice plate was experimentally investigated, in which the surface tension, gravity, gas-liquid interface friction force and fluid inertial force may have comparable effects on the flow of the liquid. In experiments, nine orifice plates with different hole-diameter and thickness were used, the gas superficial mass flux changes from 1.7 to 41.4 kg/m2/s and the liquid superficial mass flux is from 38.7 to 295.3 kg/m2/s. Four flow patterns, namely, trickling, continuous, semi-dispersed and perfect-dispersed flow were identified by means of observation. Flow pattern maps were plotted using gas superficial mass flux vs. liquid superficial mass flux, and the transition mechanism of different flow patterns and the influence of the hole-diameter on the transition boundaries were discussed. Also, a statistical parameter was used to assist in understanding the transition mechanism from trickling/continuous flow to semi-dispersed flow. Next, by considering the interaction between gas and liquid, a model about the film thickness around orifice rim was proposed and the factors influencing the liquid film thickness were discussed. These discussions and the comparisons with the film thickness in the case of gas-liquid annular flow in pipe show that the model is very effective. Based on this model, an equivalent length model for the orifice friction was developed to predict the pressure loss of gas-liquid two-phase flow through the orifice, and satisfactory agreement with experimental data was obtained. In addition, by using the equivalent length method, a new correlation was proposed to successfully predict the pressure loss of single gas phase flow through the orifice plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the peri-urban areas are often the sites for waste dumps, which may exacerbate the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance from waste to soil bacteria. However, the profiles of antibiotic resistomes and the associated factors influencing their dissemination in peri-urban areas have not been fully explored. Here, we characterized the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in peri-urban arable and pristine soils in four seasons at the watershed scale, by using high-throughput qPCR. ARGs in peri-urban soils were diverse and abundant, with a total of 222 genes were detected in the peri-urban soil samples. The arable soil harbored more diverse ARGs compared to the pristine soils, and nearly all the ARGs detected in the pristine soils were also detected in the farmlands. A random forest prediction showed that the overall patterns of ARGs clustered closely with the landuse type. Mantel test and partial redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community variation is a major contributor to antibiotic resistome alteration. Significant positive correlation was found between the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), suggesting potential mobility of ARGs in peri-urban areas. Our results extend knowledge of the resistomes compositions in peri-urban areas, and suggest that anthropogenic activities driving its spatial and temporal distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]