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Land expropriation-induced resettlement (LEIR) is an emerging land phenomenon manifested in Chinese cities to accommodate urban transformation and outward expansion. The resettlement has forced affected rural dwellers to leave their villages and be resettled to high-density urban neighborhoods. By employing surveys with relocated villagers from two different types of LEIR neighborhoods in suburban Shanghai, this paper extends the acculturation discourse to examine villagers' life transformation in resettlement neighborhoods. Our study addresses three research questions. First, what are the general acculturation patterns manifested among resettled villagers during their life transformation in LEIR neighborhoods? Second, how do individual acculturation outcomes vary by socio-demographic attributes of resettled villagers? Third, how do villagers' acculturation outcomes influence their current residence preferences? The results indicate villagers' stronger inclination toward rural village culture than urban neighborhood culture. For the socio-demographic attributes, we find that older villagers are more likely to maintain their original culture; villagers with higher education levels better adapt to urban neighborhood culture; multi-generation living benefits intercultural learning and exchange; and pre-resettlement conditions influence villagers' acculturation. We further contend that an increase in the probability of a villager's residence preference for LEIR neighborhoods aligns with an increase in that person's adherence to urban neighborhood culture and/or a decrease in that individual's continuity of rural village culture. Comparing the results collected from the two types of resettlement neighborhoods, we posit that socio-spatial mixture and diversity facilitates villagers' urban integration. Finally, we suggest long-term institutional supports to be continuously provided to resettled villagers for building adaptive resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local officials' characteristics play an important role in the development of urban sprawl, which could lead to the land urbanization bubble (LUB). OLS regression model was selected to analysis the relationship between officials' characteristics and LUB. The study finds that: (1) locally promoted officials have significant negative influence on the generation of LUB; (2) the influences of officials tenure and age characteristics on LUB significantly differ showing an inverted-U shape change; and (3)compared with male officials, female officials show more aggressive in generating LUB; and (4) the better economic development the less effective of official characteristics on land urbanization. Thus, the research proposes that (1) the assessment system for local officials must be improved to highlight the responsibilities and accountabilities of officials in sustainable urban development; (2) the influence of official personal characteristics on local administration must be considered at the time of training and promoting local officials; and (3) the formation of local administrative team should not over-emphasize age and gender, because under the effects of cadre tournament, young and/or female district leaders are more likely to seek promotion in short period of time at cost of sustainable and healthy urban development. • Investigating impacts of district leaders' characteristics on land urbanization bubble. • Using the original dataset to analyze relationship between officials' characteristics and land urbanization bubble. • Origin, tenure, age and gender of district leaders influence land urbanization bubble. • Female district leaders adopt aggressive land policies. • China's district official promotion system is urgent to be reformed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the National General Land Use Plan (1997–2010) came into effect in 1999, there has been no research investigating whether the farmland protection planning embedded within the top-down general land-use plans has contributed to promoting intensive utilization of urban land. This paper aims to assess the impact of farmland preservation efforts in the plans on the changes in urban land-use intensity, by focusing on two policy tools – prime farmland preservation and farmland conversion quotas. The study developed an approach to categorize and measure the change in urban land-use intensity by combining the changes in population density (in terms of population per unit of urban land area) and economic density (in terms of GDP per unit of urban land area). An ordinal dependent variable was generated based on the categories of changes in urban land-use intensity and a multilevel ordinal logit model was used in this study. The study indicates that (1) the farmland conversion quota system did not contribute to promoting urban land-use intensification between 2000 and 2010; (2) the prime farmland preservation had very limited impact on the intensity of urban land-use intensification. The prime farmland preservation would not influence urban land-use intensity when it was not high enough. The increase in the prime farmland preservation ratio in prefectural-level regions could lead to urban land-use intensification but only when the prime farmland preservation ratio was above 93%; and (3) the central government's supervision of local land-use played a significant role in promoting urban land-use intensification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three parvoviruses were isolated from the raccoon dogs experiencing severe enteritis, named RDPV-DP1, RDPV-DP2 and RDPV-DP3, respectively. The VP2 genes of the 3 isolates showed 99.9% identity at the nucleotide level, and shared 99.1%-99.5% identity with the reference CPVs. The RDPVs resembled original CPV-2, but with four mutations. The RDPVs displayed S297A of VP2 protein as CPV-2a or CPV-2b prevalent throughout most of the world. Residue N375D was found in the 3 isolates, resembling CPV-2a/2b/2c. And the 3 isolates had a natural mutation of VP2 residue V562L, which is adjacent to residue 564 and 568 and might be involved in host range. Interestingly, VP2 S27T was firstly found in the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of VP2 genes revealed that the RDPVs were clustered into one small evolutionary branch and shared the identical branch with 7 CPV-2 isolates from raccoon dogs and one CPV-2 isolate from fox, not with CPV vaccine viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of NS1 genes demonstrated that the RDPVs shared the identical branch with the reference CPV-2a/2b/2c. Experimental infection showed that RDPV infection caused a high morbidity in raccoon dogs. It implied that the RDPV was virulent to raccoon dogs and continued to evolve in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role of local citizens in the morphological transformation of China's urban historic neighborhoods. With a focus on ordinary neighborhood properties, this research explores how local citizens have consumed different types of properties, and critically investigates socio-spatial problems that arise from such consumptions. By the case of the Stele Forest Neighborhood in Xi'an, the study argues that both the local state and local citizens recognize heritage resources as an important source of profit and that the competition for exchange values between the two has contributed to historic neighborhood physical patterns. Local citizens' resistance against and dissent from local government's conservation policies are manifested through passive bargains and tolerated illegalities, and are eventually reflected in their neighborhood morphological forms. Morphological pattern-related decision-making and subsequent actions in China's neoliberal urban setting are no longer monopolized by the local state, but shared by the local state and non-state actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates land-related resettlement and integration institutions and policies in small town urbanization from the perspective of affected villagers, focusing on their socioeconomic opportunities and life transformation. Based on the conceptual discourse on rural-urban societal differences, institutional boundaries, and resource redistribution, it examines the process and outcomes of rural villagers’ transformation under land-related local policies and the market, and articulates affected villagers’ viewpoints regarding compensation, resettlement, and integration. By the case of three small towns in metropolitan Xi’an, the paper discusses educational attainments and occupations, household earnings, income compositions, home-workplace commuting patterns and modes, social security programs, and attitudes towards land acquisition and resettlement. The study calls for villager-centered hybrid governance for humanistic planning and management of resettlement communities in small town urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small town urbanization in China is a heterogeneous and contested process that involves numerous actors and forces in the context of highly liberalized local economies. This paper examines the socioeconomic transformation and adaptation to small town life among landless and resettled villagers in the state-sponsored small town urbanization from the villagers' perspective. Based on survey opinions from the affected villagers in two small towns in Nanjing, it articulates how the institutional arrangements of land development and spatial-territorial reorganization have exerted their direct socioeconomic influence on the transformation of landless and displaced villagers' lives. The study concludes that, as a result of the growing establishment of socioeconomic relationships with the host small town society, villagers encounter various challenges that differ substantially from their expectations in the absence of more institutionalized labor market and full-fledged social service programs. Resettled villagers now face more subtle forms of institutional segmentations while the official implementation and villagers' awareness of social security and welfare programs are questionable. The study calls for a two-way approach for future research that, alongside exploring the perceptions of resettled villagers, also investigates the host society's attitudes and perceptions about these new residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the different maintenance strategies of the equipment unit which may be taken in equipment examination and level repairs of the equipment, based on the factors such as the serviced life of the unit, the remaining life of the unit, the serviced time of the equipment, the annually used time of the equipment and so on, this paper establishes a general model for predicting the consumption of equipment spare parts based on unit life. The general model provides a theoretical basis for the equipment support department to formulate scientific and reasonable spare parts storage scheme.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the characteristics of mutual support system in which unit fault leads to the failure rate mutation, through the analysis of practical problems, using the theory of stochastic process, the paper gives the procedure and method of consumption forecast model of spare parts to establish the relay board mutual support system of a communication device. The applicability of the model is illustrated by examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of spare parts is closely related to all aspects of support activities which include financing, storage and supply of equipment spare parts, and support activities are based on the law of spare parts consumption. In this paper, the factors influencing the consumption of equipment spare parts are considered, the consumption characteristics of equipment spare parts are analyzed, and the consumption prediction of spare parts under small sample conditions is solved by engineering analysis method. Application examples show that the engineering analysis method has good prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rapid urbanization involves the large-scale relocation of rural villagers and the production of concentrated resettlement communities in urban areas. This new urban population's post-resettlement adaptation and socio-economic situations raise concerns for urban scholars and policymakers alike. This paper invokes the concept of deprivation and aims to establish indices of multiple deprivations (IMDs) for such communities. In doing so, this research use accessibility as a proxy and integrates the space syntax approach with multi-criteria decision analysis to construct the IMDs of concentrated resettlement communities in Hangzhou, China. The findings suggest that material deprivation may not be the primary concern for residential segregation of resettlement communities in urban areas. Besides, the accessibility to different services reflects diverse deprivation patterns among resettlement communities. Moreover, various stakeholder groups' perceptions of deprivation may lead to different results of the IMDs. The diverse criteria or domains of deprivation contribute differently to the deprivation, which requires a tailored treatment strategy when constructing IMDs, such as the sensitivity analysis used in this research. The proposed measurement of deprivation has important policy implications for sustainable urban development in China. • The indices of multiple deprivations (IMDs) of resettlement communities are proposed. • Material deprivation is not the primary concern for the residential segregation of resettlement communities. • The accessibility to different services reflects diverse deprivation patterns. • Various stakeholder groups' perceptions of deprivation may lead to different results of IMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's dual land ownership structure creates distinctive land markets in rural and urban areas, and the issue of ambiguous property rights systems is theoretically regarded as a rural issue. In recent years, rural-to-urban resettlement has become a potent tool of the government in promoting urbanization and addressing the ambiguity issue. Yet, resettlement projects may deviate from the presupposed ideal path of achieving equitable property rights through property rights rearrangements. This research aims to unpack the complexity of property rights embedded in rural-to-urban resettlement based on the empirical case of Hangzhou. Based on documentary analysis, field observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaire surveys, this research argues that the ambiguity issue cannot be fully addressed through rural-to-urban transition, and the concomitant complexity issue is inevitable in urban areas without targeted policy remedies. The findings identify some main obstacles to the ideal transition of property rights systems. First, the resettled villagers are excluded from market participation by inadequate compensation through planning mechanisms. Second, resettlement communities suffer from the remaining rurality that challenges the enforcement of formal institutions and the governance of communal resources in the urban system. Third, the collective-retained land is an innovative but compromised institution devised by the local government to achieve a fair property rights rearrangement through resettlement, but its effectiveness is weakened by the politics at the village level. These findings have important policy implications for achieving equitable property rights in the context of China's heightened attention to sustainable urban-rural development. • Rural-to-urban resettlement is a planning tool to address the ambiguity issue of property rights. • The complexity of property rights should be interpreted based on a two-dimensional construct. • The persistent rurality challenges formal regulations and communal resources governance in resettlement communities. • The collective-retained land is an innovative but compromised institution to achieve equitable property rights. • The current property rights systems need planning and policy intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once an ancient capital of China, Hangzhou has transformed to a post-socialist city that faces profound changes and critical challenges in various aspects of urban development such as historical legacies, market-oriented urban economy, expansive urban spatial patterns, population management, land use restructuring, and affordable housing provision. Under the increasingly stronger market power, the city strives to reposition itself to be an important economic center in the Yangtze River Delta Region, through strategic and innovative urban growth agenda. This profile identifies some fundamental issues and processes that underscore Hangzhou’s recent urban development and presents future prospect for a coastal metropolis with regional significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of planetary urbanization, urbanization through resettlement in the global south has garnered increasingly scholarly attention. In China, state-led rural-to-urban resettlement has become a potent tool for the government. The production of concentrated resettlement communities (CRCs) to accommodate resettled villagers and facilitate their post-resettlement adaptation creates a unique urban phenomenon. However, existing research has insufficiently unpacked the evolution of the production process. Drawing on the theory of space production, this research proposes a dynamic spatial-temporal conceptual framework to examine the process of space production. Based on several months of fieldwork conducted in Hangzhou in 2021, this research offers an empirical lens on how CRCs have evolved and how landless farmers have adapted to the host city. This research first finds that CRCs in Hangzhou have three typologies. Secondly, resettled villagers in early CRCs are confronted with economic challenges but maintain well social relations. Their shared collectivism is conducive to their spatial adaptation. In recent CRCs, strict planning and community management have further limited resettled villagers' spontaneous attempts in reshaping space to support their adaptation. These findings have important policy implications for achieving inclusive resettlement in China and the Asian context. • A dynamic spatial-temporal conceptual framework is proposed to examine space production. • Concentrated resettlement communities (CRCs) in Hangzhou have three typologies. • Resttled villagers' adaptation processes are distinct in different CRCs. • The changing spatial practice and the evolving planning and community governance have produced distinctive CRCs. • The diluted collectivism in recent CRCs weakens villagers' collective adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on evolving land acquisition compensation policy and practice in Hangzhou, a better-developed coastal city in the Yangtze River Delta Region, by assessing the evolution of land acquisition compensation and the interplay among the main actors, especially the local government and affected individual villagers and rural collectives. It evaluates the hybrid compensation governance that includes monetary compensation, employment alternatives, share-holding co-operative, social security assurance, and rural collective retained land. The study reveals that while land acquisition compensation has been gradually improved in many aspects, land-lost villagers are still subject to various uncertainties in sustaining their lives, competing in the labor market, and adapting to urban life. Furthermore, markedly improved land acquisition compensation in Hangzhou has created newly emerging socio-economic problems amongst dislocated rural villagers. The paper reveals how different compensation measures have redefined rural collectives and land-lost rural villagers in the urbanization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the relationship between serum phospholipid omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs) and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: 51 patients with T2DM and NAFLD (T2DM + NAFLD group), 50 with T2DM alone (T2DM group), 45 with NAFLD alone (NAFLD group), and 42 healthy control subjects (NC group) were studied. Serum ω-3 PUFA profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and serum lipid concentrations were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR). Results: HOMA-IR levels were higher in the T2DM + NAFLD group than in the T2DM, NAFLD and NC groups (p < 0.05), as were ALT, AST, GGT, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations (p < 0.05). Conversely, serum ω-3 PUFA levels were significantly lower in the T2DM + NAFLD group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The ω-3 PUFA level was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C and TG. Conclusions: Serum phospholipid ω-3 PUFA levels were significantly decreased in patients with T2DM and NAFLD, and were negatively related with insulin resistance. Thus, reduced ω-3 PUFAs may play an important role in the development of T2DM and NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As an expression of the state-directed vision for local urban development, China’s master plans are required by the state to provide effective guidance for local spatial land use and socioeconomic development. Using an institutionalist analytical framework, this paper examines China’s master plan mechanism, investigates the discrepancy between master plans and the reality of urban development, and explores obstacles to the implementation of master plans and reasons for the reality of urban development. By employing a case study research strategy, focused upon Nanjing, the study concludes that the master plan has been an approach for local state to realize its interests in economic growth and city competitiveness; that for the best possible pro-growth coalitions, compromises and tradeoffs are reached between central government, local state and various agents in plan making and implementation; that local state now has to handle a diverse set of heterogeneous agents with plural interests at lower levels in the planning process; and that the practice of plan adjustment for alleviating the tension between planning and market forces, and for facilitating effective pro-growth partnerships between local state and other economic agents, argues for more inclusive approaches than what conventional master plans have taken. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: To set up a device of cell perfusion, and use the method of cell perfusion -NMR to monitor the 31P spectrum in cells. The result has shown the temperature and pressure and flow rate of the device were invariable relatively and could be controlled. The method of cell perfusion -NMR can monitor the 31P spectrum online, and can Speculate changes of energy metabolism in cells under drug stimulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Houston is the only major city in North America without zoning. The growth of Houston illustrates a traditional free market philosophy in which land use zoning is seen as a violation of private property and personal liberty. This paper explores how the lack of zoning has an impact on land use controls and urban development in Houston. Using a theoretical framework derived from institutional economics and public choice theories for institutional analyses of land development controls, it explores how local land use policies made by both the local government and non-governmental sectors shape urban development in Houston. The study results show that despite the city’s lack of zoning, local land use regulatory policies made by the municipality have significant influence on urban development. Additionally, civic and private organizations such as super neighborhoods and homeowner associations fill the gaps left by the lack of land use zoning. These two aspects contribute to land use controls and urban development of the city. The study finds that land use controls by private contract and by government legislative intervention are not mutually exclusive or immutable; that equity goals are not met in market approaches, and public planning intervention is necessary; and that deed restrictions might be better at facilitating property sales and maintenance than at improving neighborhood welfare and governance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Neoliberal financial governance critically contributed to overbuilding in Ordos City. • Neoliberal financial governance persists in Ordos City's post-bubble period. • Neoliberal financial governance has been curbed in Ordos City's post-bubble period. • Strong state capacity can be a double-edged sword in promoting/curbing neoliberalism. • Neoliberal governance can be tackled by rigorous governance and redistributive policies. Based on the conceptual framework of neoliberal and post-neoliberal governance, this study explores the changing financial governance under the real estate boom-bust cycle in Ordos City, China. It finds that Ordos City's neoliberal financial governance, featuring excessive deregulation, active public–private partnerships, market-friendly and growth-chasing institutional restructuring, land financialization, and enthusiastic state investment, has significantly contributed to the city's real estate boom and overbuilding. In Ordos City's post-bubble period, although preferential financial policies and deregulation persist, neoliberal financial governance has been largely curbed through reinforced governance and enhanced welfare and redistributive policy efforts such as the Housing Exchange Program. This article reiterates the essence of China's neoliberal governance and verifies the existence of neoliberal governance in Ordos City. It also showcases the resilience of neoliberal local governing strategies in China. Nevertheless, the post-neoliberal endeavors in Ordos City, characterized by reinforced welfare and redistributive measures, and timely and effective state intervention via rigorous governance and enhanced public ownership of real estate assets for redistribution, add critical insights to the global intellectual and practical quests for post-neoliberal possibilities. Finally, this study calls for combined efforts of sustainable development policy initiatives, effective policy implementation, rigorous governance, and a mindset of sustainability for all to combat neoliberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: China''s urban land reform is a gradualist process of transforming a planned land allocation system to an open land market system, while the ownership of the land remains under the control of the state. Through a series of reforms in institutions and policies, urban land markets have emerged rapidly. This study aims to analyse the evolution of urban land reform in Hangzhou, one of the spearhead cities in China''s urban land reforms, to discuss its emerging structure of urban land market—its legal, institutional and financial frameworks, to identify the current urban land management characteristics and the principal constraints, and to propose relevant recommendations for urban land reform with emphasis on rural land rights and expropriation, interactions between central and local governments, and non-government sector''s participation in urban land use management. Besides the policy implications, the study concludes that urban land reform in Hangzhou has been actively interacting with economic reforms in other fields in a variety of ways; that a monopolized supply mechanism of urban land is not necessarily a detriment to the development of a market system in the urban land economy; and that a government-led land use management model with little civil society and public participation is one of the most significant constraints in China''s urban land reforms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The RF-DNA clones of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were infectious. • The entire genomes of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were 5162 bp and 5113 bp in length, respectively. • The palindromic telomeres of the parvoviruses showed the diversity in length and secondary structures. In this study, the infectious RF-DNA clones of two mink enteritis viruses, MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7, were constructed, which generated progeny virions and seemed to contain an almost or completely full-length genome. The genomes of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were 5162 bp and 5113 bp in length, respectively. The genomic organizations of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were similar to that of the other carnivore parvoviruses. The 3′-UTR of the virion strand of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were 311 bp and 313 bp in length, respectively, containing a 208 bp palindromic sequence assuming Y-shaped configurations. Interestingly, the difference of the 3′ palindromic sequences between MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 resulted in the orientation inversion of the hairpin ears. And the 5′-UTRs of MEV-SD1 and MEV-SD7 were 582 bp and 531 bp, respectively, containing a 198 bp palindromic sequence assuming U-shaped configurations, a triplet mismatch (5′-TAC-3′) in the center of the duplex stem and a triplet mismatch (5′-AGA-3′) forming a small asymmetric bubble. The findings demonstrated that the genomic termini of the carnivore parvoviruses showed the diversity in length, base composition, and predicted secondary structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A visible-light-mediated radical addition/cyclization tandem reaction for the synthesis of 3-bromomethyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarins is described. In this reaction, the bromine radical is generated from diethyl 2,2-dibromomalonate via energy transfer (EnT). This reaction uses O 2 in the air as the oxygen source, and uses visible-light to provide energy. [Display omitted] • A visible-light-mediated radical addition/cyclization tandem reaction is described. • 3-Bromomethyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarins are synthesized from 2-allylbenzaldehydes. • Dibromomalonate undergoes an energy transfer process to generate bromine radicals. • The reaction uses air as an oxygen source and visible-light as an energy source. A visible-light-mediated radical addition/cyclization tandem reaction for the synthesis of 3-bromomethyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarins from 2-allylbenzaldehydes and diethyl 2,2-dibromomalonate is described. In this reaction, the bromine radical is generated from diethyl 2,2-dibromomalonate via energy transfer (EnT). This reaction uses O 2 in the air as the oxygen source, and uses visible-light to provide energy. Therefore, this procedure is not only environmentally friendly, but also efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mild method for the sequential sulfonylation/hydroxylation process of allylacetamides has been developed, in which sulfonyl radicals can be generated from easily available arylsulfinic acids by using eosin Y as an organic photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. The new C–O and C–S bonds can be constructed in one-pot to directly access β - tert -hydroxy sulfone derivatives. A novel visible-light-induced sequential sulfonylation/hydroxylation reaction for the synthesis of β - tert -hydroxy sulfone derivatives in air atmosphere at room temperature is described for the first time. [Display omitted] • A mild method for the sequential sulfonylation/hydroxylation of allylacetamides has been developed. • Sulfonyl radicals can be generated from easily available arylsulfinic acids. • Eosin Y was used as an organic photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. • C-O and C-S bonds can be constructed in one-pot to directly access β-tert-hydroxy sulfone derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article applies the concept of "neoliberal planning" in China to explore the interactions between planning, especially master plan adjustments, and overbuilding in Ordos City. The results show that Ordos City's master plans have been deregulated and adjusted to facilitate and cater to, rather than to contain and regulate, the frenetic real estate development since the early 2000s, which eventually led to overbuilding and a collapsed real estate market. The findings display a dynamic and mutually reinforcing mechanism between neoliberal planning practices and the real estate boom in Ordos. Moreover, overbuilding has in turn nurtured a more rational and socio-environmentally inclusive mode of planning in Ordos City, as evidenced in the 2015 revision of the Ordos City Master Plan. This article also reveals the legal and institutional instabilities of China's master plans and suggests a transformation toward a more socio-environmentally inclusive approach to planning, with conscientious governance to ensure sustainability. This article adds insights to the underexplored, evolving interactions between neoliberal planning practices and development reality in the existing neoliberal planning literature, and it also contributes to neoliberal planning studies under authoritarian regimes. It argues that strong state capacity can function as a double-edged sword for promoting/tackling neoliberal planning. Finally, we call for more theoretical and empirical inquiries on neoliberal planning in China. • Planning has significantly contributed to overbuilding in Ordos City, China. • Master plans have been deregulated and revised to accommodate market forces in Ordos. • Neoliberal planning practices and the real estate boom were mutually reinforcing in Ordos. • Ordos's master plan has become more socio-environmentally inclusive to tackle overbuilding. • Ordos's newly revised master plan has made a positive impact on addressing overbuilding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This research examines resettled villagers' transformation and adaptation in concentrated resettlement communities. • Principal component analysis and descriptive comparison were conducted on 300 surveys in Nanjing. • Post-resettlement adaptation depends on specific geographical, environmental, and economic conditions. • Resettlement policy environment now faces two paradigm changes. This research examines the socioeconomic transformation and adaptation to urban life among resettled villagers who live in government-designated concentrated resettlement communities, by articulating the interrelated roles played by individual households, resettlement communities, the local state and the market. Principal component analysis and descriptive comparison were conducted to assess resettled villagers' opinions on their economic, social, and environmental adaptations, based on 300 structured survey samples collected from two concentrated resettlement communities in Nanjing. The study argues that legacy from the past rural collective institution, rural land property rights ambiguity, and complicated interests in land conversion all contextualize villager resettlement and adaptation. Post-resettlement adaptation depends on specific geographical, environmental, and economic conditions. An approach open to resettled villagers' opinions and concerns would help to achieve an equitable and sustainable realization of resettled villagers' transformation and adaptation. The research urges that resettlement policy environment now faces two paradigm changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 10 wt% WC reinforced Ni-Cu coatings without cracks were prepared by laser melting deposited. • The microstructure of WC-12Co/Ni-Cu coating and the state of WC-12Co in the coating were investigated. • WC particles can increase the hardness of the coating and can increase the wear resistance and tensile properties of the coating. The work investigated the effect of WC-12Co on microstructure, tribological characteristics, and mechanical properties of Ni-Cu alloy using laser melting deposition. The microstructure of WC-12Co/Ni-Cu coatings revealed that WC particles dissolve and diffuse during laser cladding, resulting in finer microstructure and compound formation (Co 0.52 Cu 0.48) in Ni-Cu alloy, as confirmed by XRD, SEM, and EDS results. Although WC particles can improve the hardness of Ni-Cu alloys, 10 wt% of them are insufficient to significantly reach such hardness. The wear test findings indicated that wear resistance was enhanced due to the influence of WC particles on the substrate. The wear rate of WC-12Co/Ni-Cu decreased from 14.5 × 10-3 mg/m to 2.12 × 10-3 mg/m, and abrasive wear is dominant at room temperature. The WC fracture mechanism and mechanical behavior of the two specimens were analyzed using a uniaxial tensile test at room temperature. The tensile strength was enhanced from 804 to901.7 MPa under the influence of WC particles. Although the tensile properties of material were improved, the plasticity was unsatisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the avascular environment within ovarian follicles, granulosa cells (GCs) are believed to live in a hypoxic niche. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-mediated steroidogenesis is crucial for normal growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, but it remains unclear how FSH stimulates estradiol (E2) synthesis under hypoxic conditions. Here, we aimed to explore whether FSH affects the ATP production required for estrogen synthesis from the perspective of glucose metabolism. It was observed that the levels of both E2 and HIF-1α were markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner in mouse ovarian GCs after the injection of FSH in vivo, indicating that hypoxia/HIF-1α may be relevant to FSH-induced E2 synthesis. By treating hypoxic GCs with FSH in vitro, we further revealed that the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- GLUT1 pathway, which in turn stimulates ATP generation, may be essential for FSH-mediated E2 production during hypoxia. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK or GLUT1 with siRNAs/antagonist both repressed glycolysis, ATP production, and E2 synthesis despite FSH treatment. Moreover, blocking HIF-1α activity using siRNAs/PX-478 suppressed AMPK activation, GLUT1 expression, and E2 levels in FSH-treated GCs. Finally, the in vitro findings were verified in vivo, which showed markedly increased AMPK activity, GLUT1 expression, glycolytic flux, ATP levels, and E2 concentrations in ovarian GCs following FSH injection. Taken together, these findings uncovered a novel mechanism for FSH-regulating E2 synthesis in hypoxic GCs by activating glycolytic metabolism through the HIF-1α-AMPK-GLUT1 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aimed at improving the medium composition for efficient and economical production of mycelial biomass and ganoderic acid (GA) in the submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum SB97. The effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on the performance of mycelial growth and GA production by G. lucidum SB97 was investigated. First, the suitable carbon and nitrogen source was determined in shaker flask by the single-factor tests. Second, response surface methodology based on central composite design was applied to explore the optimal medium composition in a 7-l stirred fermentor. Glucose and peptone were advantageous to the formation of mycelial biomass, whereas corn flour and soybean powder were favorable to the accumulation of GA content. The optimal medium composition for GA production was identified as 16g/l of glucose, 2.93g/l of peptone, 20.93g/l of corn flour and 6.44g/l of soybean powder. Confirmatory experiment of GA production (496±10.4mg/l) under optimized medium composition showed good agreement with the predicted value (469.3mg/l). Cultivated with the optimized complex media in a 50-1 stirred fermentor, the mycelial biomass (21.53±0.38g/l), GA content (23.04±1.27mg/g-dry cell weight (DCW)), GA production (496±10.4mg/l), GA productivity (110.2mg/(lday)) and the maximal specific GA production rate (1.85×10−3 h−1) increased by 18%, 39%, 64%, 46% and 67%, respectively, compared with that of using the semi-synthetic media. This study also demonstrated that the complex media were superior to the semi-synthetic media in avoiding the negative effect of catabolite repression on production of secondary metabolite. Furthermore, the proposed complex media strategy to suit the metabolic characteristics of cell could be applied to other secondary metabolites production from higher fungus in large scale submerged culture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Mo based alloys with minor Ti additive were fabricated by successive processes of simple ball-milling and low-temperature sintering. Different from traditional titanium oxides additive, the minor Ti additive will adsorb nearby oxygen impurities to form TiO 2 or Ti 8 O 15 during above process, thus purifying Mo matrix. The size of formed titanium oxides (approximately 540 nm) is also close to that reported in relevant literatures. What's more, the Ti additive could availably refine the Mo powder particles during ball-milling process and improve its sintering activity. While maintaining high densit (> 99%), the sintered Mo based alloys with minor Ti additive possess finer grain (13.17 μm → 4.44 μm) and higher hardness (249 HV 0.2 → 332 HV 0.2) compared with pure Mo. • Minor Ti additive was innovatively introduced into Mo alloys. • The Ti could adsorb oxygen impurities to purify Mo matrix. • The Ti finally forms TiO 2 or Ti 8 O 15 phases. • The Ti could availably refine Mo grains. • The Ti could availably improve Mo alloy hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A copper-catalyzed reaction for the simultaneous synthesis of quinolines and gem -diamine derivatives from N -aryl glycine esters and enamides is described. In this reaction, two fragments of one reactant each react with the same intermediate generated in situ by another reactant, simultaneously producing two valuable products. A copper(II)-catalyzed oxidative reaction for the one-pot simultaneous synthesis of quinolines and gem -diamine derivatives from N- arylglycine ethyl esters and enamides is described. In this reaction, the two fragments in an enamide substrate react with the same intermediate generated in situ from an N -arylglycine ethyl ester, respectively, producing two products simultaneously. This reaction has the advantages of high efficiency, simple operation and high atom economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• H9N2 co-infection contributed to development of mink hemorrhagic pneumonia. • P. aeruginosa co-infection could improved replication of H9N2 IAV in mink. • H9N2 IAV co-infection contributed to P. aeruginosa proliferation in mink. • H9N2 IAV co-infection delayed P. aeruginosa clearance in mink. Influenza A virus (IAV) and bacteria co-infection can influence the host clinical conditions. Both H9N2 IAV and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) are potential pathogens of respiratory diseases in mink. In this study, to clarify the effects of H9N2 IAV and P. aeruginosa co-infections on hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink, we carried out to establish the mink models of the two-pathogen co-infections in different orders. Compared with the single infections with H9N2 IAV or P. aeruginosa , the mink co-infected with H9N2 IAV and P. aeruginosa showed severe respiratory diseases, and exacerbated histopathological lesions and more obvious apoptosis in the lung tissues. H9N2 IAV shedding and viral loads in the lungs of the mink co-infected with H9N2 IAV and P. aeruginosa were higher than those in the mink with single H9N2 IAV infection. Furthermore, the clearance of P. aeruginosa in the co-infected mink lungs was delayed. In addition, the anti-H9N2 antibody titers in mink with P. aeruginosa co-infection following H9N2 IAV infection were significantly higher than those of the other groups. This implied that H9N2 IAV and P. aeruginosa co-infection contributed to the development of hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink, and that P. aeruginosa should play a major role in the disease. The exact interaction mechanism among H9N2 IAV, P. aeruginosa and the host needs to be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy without effective therapeutics. Thromboxane A2 (TxA2)/ TxA2 receptor (T prostanoid receptor, TP) modulates some carcinomas progression, however, its effects on MM cell proliferation remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and downstream prostaglandin profiles in human myeloma cell lines RPMI-8226 and U-266, and analyzed the effects of COX-1/-2 inhibitors SC-560 and NS-398 on MM cell proliferation. Our observations implicate COX-2 is involved in modulating cell proliferation. We further incubated MM cells with prostaglandins receptors antagonists or agonists, and found only the TP antagonist, SQ29548, suppressed MM cell proliferation. TP silencing and the TP agonist, U46619, further confirmed this finding. Moreover, SQ29548 and TP silencing promoted MM cells G2/M phase delay accompanied by reducing cyclin B1/ cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) mRNA and protein expression. Notably, cyclin B1 overexpression rescued MM cells from G2/M arrest. We also found the TP agonist activated JNK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAPK depressed U46619-induced proliferation and cyclin B1/CDK1 protein expression. In addition, SQ29548 and TP silencing leaded to MM cells apoptotic rate increasing with improving caspase 3 activity. The knockdown of caspase 3 reversed the apoptotic rate. Taken together, our results suggest that TxA2/TP promotes MM cell proliferation by reducing cells delay at G2/M phase via elevating p38 MAPK/JNK mediated-cyclin B1/CDK1 expression, and hindering cell apoptosis. The TP inhibitor has potential as a novel agent to target kinase cascades for MM therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Starting from the key intermediate 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (4) or the oxadiazole analogue (5), the title compounds 9 and 10 are synthesized by a two-step process. Thioetherification reaction of 4 or 5 with an organic halide catalyzed by indium or indium tribromide first affords appropriate sulfide 7 or 8, which is then converted into title compounds 9 or 10 by hydrogen peroxide oxidation catalyzed by ammonium molybdate in ionic liquid [bmim]PF6. The structures are unequivocally confirmed by spectroscopic (IR, 1H and 13C NMR) data and elemental analyses. The structures of 8d and 10q are further established by X-ray crystallographic diffraction analysis. The compounds have been shown to be fungicidally active. Title compounds 10i and 10j can inhibit mycelia growth by approximately 50% (EC50) at 2.9–93.3μg/mL in vitro against 10 kinds of fungi. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Nb 3 (Al 1-x Sn x) superconductors (x = 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35) were prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent low-temperature sintering. It was found that the critical current density (J c) of the obtained Nb 3 (Al 1-x Sn x) sample is enhanced significantly compared to undoped Nb 3 Al prepared using the same method. The maximum value of the J c reaches up to 5.10 × 104 A·cm−2 (4.2 K, 5 T) for Nb 3 (Al 0.85 Sn 0.15) sample. Combined with the phase composition analysis and microstructure observation, it is indicated that Sn enters the A15 crystal structure of Nb 3 Al forming the Nb 3 (Al 1-x Sn x) phase after low-temperature sintering. What's more, Sn doping improves the grain connectivity as well as refines the grain size of Nb 3 Al, which are the main reasons for the enhancement of J c in the Sn doped samples. Based on the exploration of the phase evolution of Nb–Al–Sn system during the mechanical alloying and subsequent low-temperature sintering process, it is also confirmed that Nb 3 Sn forms firstly during the sintering process and then can serve as the perfect nucleus of Nb 3 Al to increase its nucleation rate, leading to the significant decrease of the grain size of Nb 3 Al. • The J c of Nb 3 Al reaches up to 5.10×104 A·cm−2 (4.2 K, 5 T) after Sn doping. • The Sn doping sharply reduced the grain size of Nb 3 Al (from 80-200 nm to 25–40 nm). • During the low-temperature sintering process, the Nb 3 Sn formed firstly and then served as the perfect nucleus of Nb 3 Al to increase its nucleation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]