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The dissimilar bimetallic joints of 5 mm thick Inconel 625 and AISI 904L were accomplished through the high-density fiber laser welding (LBW) process. The metallurgical investigation ensured the micro-segregation of Mo and Nb in the dendritic and inter-dendritic regions along with the formation of secondary topologically closed packed (TCP) phases. In addition to the metallurgical studies the Kernal average misorientation (KAM), Schmid factor (SF), and nucleation of the new grains were investigated through Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The tensile strength opined the occurrence of failure on the 904L side, away from the weld seam ensuring that the joints have a higher strength. The notch tensile showed a higher strength of 678 ± 4 MPa in the weld zone than that of the 904L base alloy. The Charpy V notch studies showed a drastic decrease in the impact toughness with 38 ± 2 J as compared to the base alloys under sudden impact loading at room temperature (RT). • High-density laser welding of Inconel 625 and AISI 904L joints. • Grain refinement, segregation of elements, and precipitation of carbides along the grain boundaries and fusion zone using SEM/EDS analysis. • Meticulous discussion on the metallurgical and structural Integrity of the joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the combustion, performance characteristics, and emission levels of diesel and tamarind biodiesel mixtures (B20, B30, B40, and B100) in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection (DI) diesel engine. Further, two fuel additives, namely Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) (an antioxidant) and Diethyl ether (DEE) (a cetane improver), were separately added to B20 to enhance the engine characteristics. In addition, Wavelet Transform and Wavelet Packet algorithms were used to investigate the vibration behaviour of the tested fuels. The results demonstrate that the B20 blend improved the performance and generated less emission than the other blends. Moreover, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for B20+BHT were 3.8% higher and 4.1% less than B20, respectively. B20+DEE combustion showed lower CO and smoke pollutants by 51% and 19% compared to B20, respectively. The NOx emissions for the blends containing BHT and DEE were decreased by 16% and 9%, respectively. The engine vibration analysis showed almost the same frequency with fuel blends B20 and B30, which were similar to the diesel fuel values. The results concluded the tamarind biodiesel/diesel mixtures with BHT and DEE improved the performance and emissions behaviors of DI diesel engine and could be considered a potential alternative biofuel for such engines. Wavelet analysis of the engine was accurately employed to extract the prominent features of the vibrations. [Display omitted] • Effects of diverse additives in tamarind biodiesel combustion were investigated. • BHT showed better BTE (3.8%) and BSFC (4.1%) improvement compared to DEE in B20. • Better NOx trade-off on both BHT (16%) and DEE (9%) in B20 blend. • Vibration analysis of the engine was evaluated using DWT and DWPT algorithms. • Feature extraction was precisely done using the 2D-DWT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Discovered the Drug Drug Interaction for HCC disease. • Construct a GWIN subordinate upon gene articulation and in addition protein association grid. • Improved singular value decomposition for reduction in dimensionality is done. • Hepatocellular carcinoma subordinate upon the calculation based random walk. Currently, medical image processing is used for the diagnosis of various diseases. But current technologies for medical image processing needs brighter light of research, since medical images are obtained from the various devices are affected by the different noises which in turn affects the accuracy of diagnosis/detection. Hence we propose the intelligent and cognitive image filters which works on the principle of adaptive selection theorem in which filters are selected based on the powerful fuzzy rule engine. The proposed filters are then compared with the previous filters and results obtained are more pivotal when compared with other filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The focus of this investigation is on biodiesel produced from juliflora seeds using the 2-stage acid transesterification process followed by alkali transesterification process producing 80% yield of Juliflra Oil Methyl Ester. Experiments were conducted on single cylinder diesel engine using juliflora biodiesel and its diesel blends. The experimental results of fuel blends (B20, B30, B40, and B100) were compared with those from diesel (D100). The results indicated the performance and combustion characteristics of B20 as almost in line with those of diesel fuel trend. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) for blends B20 and B30 (0.27kg/KWh) at full load was closer to diesel (0.26 kg/KWh). The BTE for Juliflora Biodiesel B100 is 31.11% and it was closer to diesel (32.05%) at full load. However the emission characteristics of CO, HC and smoke for biodiesel and its blends were smaller or equal compared to diesel throughout the experiment. At full load, the NOx for biodiesel B100 was 1832 ppm which was a little higher than diesel fuel (1821 ppm). This led to the conclusion of B20 being most suitable blend of other blends and it is substitute of diesel which will reduce diesel consumption by 20%. Highlights • Juliflora biodiesel used as fuel in diesel engine. • BSFC of blend B20 is much closer to diesel. • HC, CO emission and Smoke opacity of B20 is much lower than diesel. • NOx emission of B20 is slightly higher than diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Boiler tubes used as water walls made up of ferritic steels is having some finite life, because of prolonged exposure in the furnace at elevated temperature, stress and aggressive environment, tube failure taking place. Now a day's premature failure of the boiler tube mainly in water walls is one of the very common phenomena in the thermal power plants. The present investigation was done on the as-received ASTM SA 210C failed boiler tube steel used as water walls in the Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) coal fired thermal power plant. An attempt has been made to understand the cause, because identifying correct failure mechanism often helps to perform meaningful life assessment and also to prevent the future Boiler Tube Failure (BTF). The as-received of failed tube along with the parent (unused) tube from the water wall raiser panel were selected to study for mechanical and metallurgical properties. Tensile test and micro hardness examinations were carried out on both the parent tube and failed tube. Visual examination reveals "fish-mouth" appearance of the as-received failed tube because of short-term overheating. The micro structure of the parent metal has the conventional structure of ferrite (white constituent) and pearlite (dark constituent), whereas for the as- received failed tube reveals Widmanstatten ferrite. A detailed structure - property relationship has been made by using the combined techniques of Optical Microscopy (OM), SEM/EDAX and XRD. Tensile fractography depicts the presence of micro-voids coalescence in the fibrous network shows ductile mode failure in the as-received failed boiler tubes. Highlights • Failure analysis was carried out on the SA 210C riffle water wall tubes. • The microstructure of ruptured surface exhibits the Widmanstatten ferrite. • The tensile study reveals that the mode of failure is ductile. • The major amounts of Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and SiO 2 were observed from XRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Thermoplastic and translucent films were obtained through solvent free esterification using several fatty acids and TFAA. • Varying fatty acids length in wood esterification resulted relatively uniform ester content of esterified wood. • Chemical, thermal and surface properties of esterified wood were evaluated and gave various results depending on the fatty acid chain length. Transforming wood into thermoplastic material has long been a challenging research topic, nevertheless the application of this technology to the industrial level hampered because of the complex method available. Here, we demonstrate a promising method converting spruce sawdust into thermoplastic material by esterification with various fatty acids of different chain length (4–18 carbon). The esterification was carried out using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as a promoter. Weight percentage gain (WPG) of 70% was obtained for the shortest fatty acid used in this study (C4) and increased with the length of fatty acid chain to 271.3% (C18) and ester content were uniformly achieved ranged between 9.10 and 11.27 mmol/gram of wood. Chemical analysis by FTIR and CP/MAS 13C NMR revealed hydroxyl group of esterified wood was replaced by the ester group and alkyl chain. XRD analysis showed decrystallization of cellulose in esterified spruce sawdust. Esterified wood exhibit higher thermal stability observed by TGA and DSC, and presented several softening temperatures observed by TMA. Thermoplastic, translucent, and flexible film were obtained after hot pressing. In contrast with previous research, our study revealed that thermoplastic wood sheet could be obtained by esterification without solvent and at room temperature after only 4 h of reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internal combustion (IC) engine is an attractive main power resource for transportation and in the foreseeable future also their domination never going to be altered. However, almost half of the energy from the fuel supplied to the IC engines is going as waste heat to the environment in the means of cooling and exhaust systems. This waste heat from the exhaust gasses were used to preheat the Palm Oil (PO)/diesel blends to 60 °C with the help of heat exchanger to obtain a homogenous mixture. This research work emphasizes on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a four stroke, single cylinder natural aspirated, water cooled direct injection (DI) diesel engine using preheated Palm Oil (PO)/diesel blends. Engine tests were conducted with preheated palm oil/diesel blends (PO20, PO30 and PO40) and pure diesel at a constant speed of 1500 rpm for different load conditions. The results of engine performance like Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and Combustion characteristics of Heat release rate, cylinder pressure and emissions like Carbon Monoxide (CO), unburned Hydro Carbon (HC), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and Smoke Opacity of all palm oil blends were compared with pure diesel fuel. The result reveals that, PO20 blend is the most preferable blend among the other palm oil blends. To further improve the performance characteristics of PO20, fuel additives such as BHT (2000 ppm) and n-butanol (20% by volume) is added to the PO20 blend. The brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of the PO20 + BHT blend is 11.4% and 5.1% higher than that of diesel fuel. The CO emission of PO20 + butanol blend shows 37.5% lower, whereas the NOx emission is 1.9% higher than that of diesel fuel. Moreover the smoke and EGT is observed to be 13% and 3.1% lower compared to diesel fuel. This research work reveals that, preheated palm oil and its blends with antioxidant proved better performance and emission levels than diesel fuel. So from an environmental point of view palm oil blends with diesel fuel will be a more promising alternative fuel in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of TiN and nano-TiB 2 additions to titanium carbonitride (TiCN-WC-Cr 3 C 2 -Co)-based cermets processed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are identified. The TiN and nano-TiB 2 additions were varied from 0 to 15 wt% to ascertain their combined effects on the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the combined chemical composition of the new phases formed during sintering. The hardness and fracture toughness values were recorded. Increase in the fracture toughness value with TiN addition was more compared with the nano-TiB 2 addition. In contrast, the hardness values were higher for the cermets formed with the nano-TiB 2 addition. Sintered bodies were made as tool inserts that meet SNGN120408 standard tool configuration. Using these tools, EN24 work-piece was turned at different cutting speeds of 11.87, 29.68, 71.46, 163.88 m/min under conditions of dry cutting. The performance was evaluated. Cutting force as well as surface roughness of the work-piece after machining was measured. For all cutting tools, initially the cutting force was high but it tended to decrease at higher cutting speeds. In addition, for all the tools, at higher cutting tools the surface roughness values were uniformly minimal. The cermet with a composition 55TiCN-15WC-10Co-5Cr 3 C 2 –15nanoTiB 2 (all in wt%), in particular, showed a balanced enhancement in both fracture toughness (6.8 MPa m 1/2 ) and Vickers hardness (18 GPa) values. The surface finish of the work-piece was also the best after machining when a tool of the above composition was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have produced bio diesel from papaya and watermelon seed oil by trans-esterification process using methanol and KOH (catalyst) and a new biodiesel i.e. WP is produced which is a mixture of papaya seed oil biodiesel and watermelon seed oil biodiesel in 1:1 ratio is prepared. The blends (B0, B20, B30, B40, and B100) of WP with diesel and watermelon 100% and papaya 100% are used for further testing. The performance, combustion and emission test were conducted on single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine using different blends of these biodiesels and the results showed that B20 is superior blend among other biodiesel blends. Further the performance and combustion characteristics of B20 is very close to diesel while the emission characteristics of B20 is better than that of diesel as the emission of CO, HC and smoke is 27.27%, 23.8%, 8.3% less for B20 than diesel respectively. Thus we concluded that B20 is the most suitable blend of WP for substitute of diesel which will reduce diesel consumption by 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the effect of tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt (Co) addition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of titanium carbonitride (TiCN) cermets modified by Cr 3 C 2 and nano-TiB 2 addition, processed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The addition of the WC and Co was varied from 0 to 15 wt%. The microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of the developed cermets were studied. The hardness and fracture toughness of the cermets increased to 52% and 33%, respectively with WC additions. With Co additions the hardness decreased by 13%, but the fracture toughness increased by 9%. The cermet with 60%TiCN-15%WC-15%Co-5%Cr 2 C 3 -5% nano-TiB 2 composition has shown balanced improvement in hardness (19.1 GPa) and toughness (8.4 MPa·m 1/2 ). The machining performed by this cermet, developed minimum cutting force and surface roughness on the machined surface of the EN24 workpiece material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructural and mechanical properties are highly influenced by strain homogeneity (or its absence) during severe plastic deformed materials. Strain inhomogeneity arises due to various parameters such as die profile, pressing velocity and working temperature. In this research, Al-Mg alloy is processed by repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS). Three different die profiles such as V- shaped, Flat- and semi-circular grooves were used to study the effects of die profile on microstructural changes. With each die profile, the aluminium alloy was allowed to deform up to the maximum number of passes possible before the appearance of surface cracks. The imparted strain as a function of the die profile is estimated numerically and experimentally and compared. Also, the microstructures and mechanical properties are correlated with the imparted strain. From the results, it is clear that the flat groove die improves the mechanical properties significantly. In addition, the grain refinement in this case is good compared with that with the other two dies. The average grain size is reduced to 20 microns from 45 microns at the end of 8 passes with the flat groove die. The influence of temperature and pressing velocity during the RCS process was studied at two different temperatures (RT, 300 °C) and with two different pressing velocities (0.5 mm/s and 2 mm/s). The flat-groove die was used to process the material at these conditions. The strain imparted after every pass was measured experimentally and compared with the numerical value computed. Also, the mechanical properties such as strength and hardness were compared for the different conditions. The alloy processed at RT and the lower pressing velocity exhibits good mechanical properties. At the end of 8 passes, the grain size had decreased to 17 microns and 11 microns, respectively, from an average starting grain size of 45 microns in case of the pressing velocities of 2 mm/s and 0.5 mm/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition effect of different ceramic particles such as TiB 2 , TiN and nano-Si 3 N 4 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiCN-WC-Co-Cr 3 C 2 based cermets, which are prepared by spark plasma sintering, was studied. Microstructural characterization of the cermets was done by scanning electron microscope. X-ray diffraction was performed to study the crystal structures. Mechanical properties such as hardness and fracture toughness were measured for the different developed cermets. The hardness and fracture toughness of the TiCN-WC-Co-Cr 3 C 2 cermets without TiN, TiB 2 , and nano-Si 3 N 4 were 8.4 GPa and 3.4 MPa m 1/2 , respectively. It was found that 5 wt% TiB 2 addition alone improved the corresponding hardness and fracture toughness to 19.2 GPa and 6.9 MPa m 1/2 , respectively. The addition of 5 wt% TiN, improved the hardness and fracture toughness to 16.7 GPa and 6.9 MPa m 1/2 , respectively. With the combination of 5 wt% TiN and 5 wt% TiB 2 , the hardness and fracture toughness were improved to 15.5 GPa and 6.6 MPa m 1/2 , respectively. But, the addition of 5 wt% Si 3 N 4 showed a balanced improvement in both hardness (17.6 GPa) and toughness (6.9 MPa m 1/2 ). Fracture toughness did not change much for all the above cermets with different ceramic inclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel with Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and n-butanol additive was used in a diesel engine and its effects on engine performance and exhaust emissions were studied. The biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil by transesterification process, Methanol, sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst were used in the reaction. Engine performance test were conducted with blends (B0, B20, B30, B40, and B100) and the results showed that, B30 is the superior blend among other biodiesel blends. Further to improve the performance characteristics of B30, antioxidants of BHT 2000 ppm and n-butanol 20% by volume was added in the B30 blend. The results of BSFC for the B30 + BHT is 7.3% higher whereas the BTE is 4.6% lower than diesel due to the lower heating value of biodiesel. The heat release rate of B20, B40 and B30 + BHT are almost synchronous to diesel fuel, alongside at higher loads B30+n-butanol shows 37.5% less CO emission and 9% higher NO x emission was observed when compared to diesel fuel. WCO bio diesel and its blends with BHT and n-butanol can be used as a fuel in diesel engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal of NLO interest, organic compound (E)-N′-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (4CBTH) with molecular formula C 14 H 13 ClN 2 O 2 S has been crystallized from solvent ethanol using slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Single crystal XRD analysis was performed and reveals that the crystal is grown with cell parameters a = b =10.8907(3) Å, c =21.4542(7) Å with non-centrosymmetric space group P6 1 . Various functional groups of the compound were analysed using FTIR and FTRaman spectral analysis. The molecular structure was confirmed by 1 H NMR study. The total number of vibrational modes exhibited by 4CBTH is predicted through factor group analysis. The thermal properties were analysed by TG and DTA analysis and it was found that the 4CBTH crystalline compound is stable up to 175 ° C . The grown material shows a cut-off wavelength of 340 nm and low absorption in the near IR region. The first order hyperpolarizibility and HOMO–LUMO analyses were performed using DFT calculations using Gaussian 03 software. Dielectric and hardness studies were also performed. The SHG relative efficiency was found to be 0.76 times that of KDP. Thus, the characterization of the grown crystal reveals the suitability of the material for NLO applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of different orientations of fiber in the skins and different thicknesses of the skins and polypropylene honeycomb core (PPHC) on the transverse shear damping of the sandwich using experimental and theoretical studies. Three different sandwiches, SW1 (thickness of top and bottom FRP skin: 3.15 mm each with 10 mm thick PPHC), SW2 (thickness of top and bottom FRP skin: 1.575 mm each with 5 mm thick PPHC), SW3 (thickness of top and bottom FRP skin: 1.575 mm each with 10 mm thick PPHC) were fabricated for conducting experimental work. In order to study the effect of fiber orientation of the skin on the natural frequency and loss factors, five different orientations (all 0°, ±30°, ±45°, ±60° and all 90°) were considered. An impulse technique was used to calculate the natural frequency and loss factor of the composites. The natural frequency and loss factor were also computed theoretically and compared. As the in-plane load of the strong FRP skins imposes on the soft honeycomb core under dynamic condition, it causes a large transverse shear deformation on the core. This shear deformation leads to a high energy dissipation/loss factor of the sandwich. At the 0° fiber oriented sandwich, the loss factor value ( η = 0.0234) becomes significantly higher without losing its natural frequency (stiffness) value ( f n = 142.12 Hz), which is not so in the case of FRP composites having the loss factor ( η ) value of 0.00218 and the natural frequency value ( f n ) of 114.23 Hz. It is also found that the transverse shear effect and damping loss factor increases with the increase in the thicknesses of the skins and core of the sandwich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality applications have hovered itself over various platforms such as desktop and most recently to handheld devices such as mobile phones and tablets. Augmented Reality (AR) systems have mostly been limited to Head Worn Displays with start-ups such as Magic Leap and Occulus Rift making tremendous advancement in such AR and VR research applications facing a stiff competition with Software giant Microsoft which has recently introduced Holo Lens. AR refers to the augmentation or the conglomeration of virtual objects in the real world scenario which has a distinct but close resemblance to Virtual Reality (VR) systems which are computer simulated environments which render physical presence in imaginary world. Developers and hackers round the globe have directed their research interests in the development of AR and VR based applications especially in the domain of advertisement and gaming. Many open source libraries, SDKs and proprietary software are available worldwide for developers to make such systems. This paper describes an algorithm for an AR prototype which uses a marker less approach to track and segment out real world objects and then overlay the same on another real world scene. The algorithm was tested on Desktop. The results are comparable with other existing algorithms and outperform some of them in terms of robustness, speed, and accuracy, precision and timing analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of 3 Hydroxy Pyridinium Tartrate Mono Hydrate (3HPTMH) was synthesised and successfully grown in mixed solvent of ethanol and water by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. 3HPTMH belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system with space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 . The lattice parameters of 3HPTMH are a = 7.4597(2) Å, b = 8.7012(3) Å, c = 17.8786(5) Å, V = 1160.47(6) Å 3 , obtained by single crystal X ray diffraction studies. Hyperpolarizability and HOMO–LUMO analysis were performed for grown crystal using DFT calculations using Gaussian 03 software. Functional groups were identified by FT-IR studies. The lower cut-off wavelength of the 3HPTMH has been identified by UV–Vis study. The thermal behavior has been studied by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The powder second harmonic generation efficiency of 3HPTMH was compared with KDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Powder metallurgy (P/M) manufacturing process is one of the rapidly emerging fields and has extended the applications in aerospace, automotive, manufacturing industries replacing all traditional methods of metal forming operations because of its less energy consumption, maximum material utilization, low relative material wastage, low capital cost. The mechanical properties is mainly depends on the final density of sintered P/M alloys. The typical microstructure characteristics of sintered steel represent an important parameter affecting their wear behaviour. The present research work pertains to the study of dry sliding wear characteristics of sintered P/M Fe-1%C-1%W-1%Ti low alloy steel with different densities (85%, 90%, 95%), as they find several applications in manufacturing industries, particularly in automobile industries. These components usually face working-conditions involving abrasion, rolling and sliding, making it important to study the wear phenomenon. The wear behavior of the as-sintered preforms were studied under dry conditions on pin-on disc arrangement (ASTM G99) against EN 38 steel disc of Hardness HRC 60 with a sliding speed of 2 m/s and at a normal loads of 30, 50, 70N respectively. Wear mechanism of the worn out surfaces and microstructure of sintered P/M alloy steel has been characterized using both optical microscopy and SEM. Ferritic-pearlite microstructure are revealed from the as-sintered P/M alloy steels. Wear rate increases gradually with increase in porosity with respect to applied load. The main wear mechanism in the Ti alloyed P/M steel seems to be delamination wear in the higher load and oxidation wear at lower load. Failure by a delamination process is clearly indicated by the shape of the debris particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Powder Metallurgy (P/M) is an established manufacturing process allows components of complex geometries with tailor-made strength and high tolerances to be produced in one single operation without subsequent machining resulting in low cost and low environmental impact. Thus, it has replaced all traditional methods of metal forming operations because of added advantages like lesser energy consumption, maximum material utilization, low relative material wastage, and competitive cost. Sintered low alloy steels find numerous applications in making components for machine parts, automobile parts, structural components, etc. Properties and microstructures obtained using P/M that can’t be obtained by alternative metal working techniques. The final density of the sintered P/M parts plays a vital role in determining the component properties and characteristics. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the dry sliding wear characteristics of sintered/hot extruded P/M alloy steels with Fe-1% C as base material, W (Tungsten) and Ti (Titanium) as alloying elements. The wear behavior of the sintered/hot extruded performs were studied under dry sliding conditions on pin-on- disc (ASTM G99) arrangement against EN 38 steel disc of hardness HRC 60 with a constant sliding speed of 2m/s and at a normal load of 30, 50 and 70N respectively. The microstructure and wear regime of extruded P/M steels has been systematically characterized to understand the structure-property relationships using both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Addition of W and Ti significantly enhances the wear resistance of the extruded P/M plain carbon alloy steel due to the presence of WC (tungsten carbide) and TiC (titanium carbide). The microstructure reveals a combination of Widmanstatten type ferrite on both the extruded P/M steels. Coefficient of friction is slightly higher due to presence of second phase hard WC in tungsten alloyed plain carbon steel. Delaminative wear mechanism is commonly found in both extruded P/M steels with an increase in applied load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat exchangers tubes in critical thermal power plants and waste heat recovery boilers are typically made of SA 210 A1 ferritic steels operated in the temperature range of 300-400 °C. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the weldability of SA 210 A1 rifle tubular steel using Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) welding technique employing ER70S2 filler wire and Shielded Metal Arc (SMA) welding technique using E7018 electrode. Comparative studies were performed to investigate the effect of welding process on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of these weldments. Microstructure studies inferred the formation of Widmanstatten ferrite and ferrite- cementite matrix (alternate lamellas) at the heat affected zone in both the weldments. Tensile studies confirmed that the GTA weldments have better mechanical properties compared to the SMA weldments. A detailed structure - property relationship has been made using the combined techniques of optical and SEM microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferritic steels are widely used for designing water walls and low temperature super heaters of the boilers employed in thermal power plants. The investigations have been made to study about the weldability of SA 210 C tubular steel using Gas Tungsten Arc (GTA) and Shielded Metal Arc (SMA) welding techniques. In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the metallurgical and mechanical properties of both the GTA and SMA weldments. Formation of Widmanstatten ferrite (white constituent) and pearlite (dark constituent) at the heat affected zone is witnessed in both the weldments. Tensile studies confirmed that the GTA weldments had shown better mechanical properties in terms of strength and ductility compared to the SMA weldments. Weldment has been systematically characterized to understand the structure-property relationships using both optical microscopy and SEM fractography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Non-linear optical crystals of 4FC has been grown. [•] Presence of vibrational modes were identified and confirmed. [•] The SHG efficiency and first order hyperpolarizability is found to be higher than urea. [•] HOMO–LUMO charge transfer and energy gap has been found. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]