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• Reports of long-term survival of treated TB patients from endemic countries are sparse • This population-based cohort study compared 4022 TB patients with 12,243 matched controls • The excess standardized mortality ratio was 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7–3.1) in the TB cohort • Potential years of life lost was 6.15/1000 in the TB cohort versus 1.52/1000 in controls • Risk of death was significantly higher in the TB cohort until the fourth year than later years This study aimed to measure the mortality rate, potential years of life lost, and excess general mortality among individuals treated for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a TB endemic country. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a population-based cohort study of 4022 TB patients and 12,243 gender-matched and age-matched controls from prevalence surveys conducted between 2000 and 2004 in the Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, South India. The mortality rate among TB patients was 59/1000 person-years. The excess standardized mortality ratio was 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7–3.1). The rate of potential years of life lost was 6.15/1000 (95% CI: 5.97–6.33) in the TB cohort compared to the general population of 1.52/1000 (95% CI: 1.46–1.60). Individuals aged >50 years, those underweight (<40 kg), with treatment failures, or lost to follow-up had higher mortality rates when compared with the rest of the TB cohort. The risk of death was significantly higher in the TB cohort until the end of the fourth year when compared with later years. Mortality in the TB cohort was 2.3 times higher than in the age-matched general population. Most deaths occurred in the first year after completing treatment. Post-treatment follow-ups and interventions for reducing comorbid conditions are necessary to prevent deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To calculate the potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to suicide in China, and analyse the distribution of PYLL by age, sex and region. Study design: The recent Chinese national mortality data (2006-2010) published by the Chinese Ministry of Health and the census data provided by the Chinese National Population Census were used to calculate PYLL due to suicide. Methods: Age-, sex- and region-specific PYLL due to suicide in China were determined for victims aged between 1 and 74 years. Results: Suicide was found to be the 10th leading cause of death in terms of PYLL, and accounted for 3.06% of all PYLL in China. There were three age peaks for PYLL due to suicide in rural areas (20-24, 35-44 and 50-59 years), and two peaks for PYLL due to suicide in urban areas (20-24 and 35-44 years). PYLL due to suicide in rural areas was approximately two-fold higher than PYLL due to suicide in urban areas. Conclusions: Suicide is a major public health problem in China. This needs to be controlled, especially in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the existence of international health outcome disparities. We focus on the use of the potential years of life lost for a database that includes information from 33 OECD countries and covers the period 1990–2017. The methodology proposed by Phillips and Sul (2007) allows us to reject the existence of a single pattern of behaviour between countries for both males and females, suggesting the existence of severe health outcome inequalities. This methodology estimates the existence of four convergence clubs whose composition slightly varies when comparing the male and female cases. Some socioeconomic factors are found to be very important in explaining the forces that may drive the creation of these convergence clubs. In particular, the evolution of the economy and health policies are pivotal to understanding the creation of these estimated convergence clubs. Additionally, our results offer evidence in favor of the importance of environmental policies to explain these health outcome differences. • We examine the disparities in the potential years of life lost for OECD countries. • We apply the Phillips and Sul (2007) methodology. • We find convergence clubs for both male and female data. • Economic, health and environmental factors are related these convergence clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Social patterning of disease is pervasive and persistent. Disease patterns change with economic development and the attendant epidemiological transition. It is becoming evident that social patterns of disease are epidemiologically stage specific. In a population with a recent history of rapid economic development we examined social patterns of all-cause and cause-specific mortality over time to elucidate how economic development impacts disparities in health. We used concentration indices to provide a summary measure of disparities by income in potential years of life lost (PYLL) for the Hong Kong population from 1976 to 2006. For all-cause mortality and for each of the specific causes considered the concentration curve in 2006 dominated the 1976 concentration curve. The concentration index for all-cause PYLL was negligible in 1976, but increased over the period. PYLL attributable to injury and poisoning was fairly consistently associated with lower income, but PYLL attributable to cardiovascular diseases and cancer reversed from an association with higher income in 1976 to an association with lower income in 2006. Social disparities in health are not universal or homogeneous in origin. Attention should be focused on disease-specific causes of disparities, so that contextually specific prevention strategies can be implemented. This is of particular relevance to China and other emerging economies where there may be a window of opportunity to prevent disparities in cancer and cardiovascular diseases occurring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Schizophrenia in western China have benefited little from the social development that has increased the life expectancy of the general population. • Prevention of suicide is likely to be an important component, especially among schizophrenia patients with higher socioeconomic status and divorced. • Diseases and medical conditions should not be ignored as it account for the largest part of excess mortality in schizophrenia in western China. Excess mortality in people with schizophrenia has been extensively reported. However, little is known about the life expectancy and potential years of life lost (PYLL) in western China. This study aimed to estimated life expectancy and PYLL for people with schizophrenia in western China. A total of 228,572 people with schizophrenia were included from National Information System for Psychosis in one province of western China. Life-expectancy was calculated by using Chiang's method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the age-sex standardized PYLL for different causes of death among different demographic characteristics groups. Life expectancy for men and women with schizophrenia was 52.8 years and 59.0 years respectively. The overall PYLL of people with schizophrenia was 18.4 years, and suicide had the largest PYLL (31.2 years) among all causes of mortality. The PYLL due to suicide was significantly higher among men, high school and above, non-poverty, non-farmer and divorced people with schizophrenia. The PYLL due to diseases and medical conditions was higher among men, illiteracy, farmer and unmarried people with schizophrenia. Strategies to prevent causes of premature death in schizophrenia are urgently required in western China, particularly in the promotion of physical health and prevention of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]