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Abstract: Clinical theory predicts that individuals high in psychopathic traits possess average or above average intelligence; however findings in adult and child samples have been mixed. The present study aimed to investigate (1) the relationship between verbal and nonverbal intelligence and the three dimensions of psychopathy (callous-unemotional (CU) traits, narcissism, impulsivity); and (2) whether these dimensions moderate the association between verbal and nonverbal intelligence and the severity of antisocial behavior. Participants were 361 adolescents aged 9–18 years (68% boys) and their parents, drawn from four samples with different levels of risk for antisocial behavior. Families were disadvantaged and 25% were from an ethnic minority. Verbal intelligence was unrelated to parent-reported CU traits, narcissism or impulsivity after controlling for gender, sociodemographic disadvantage, sample, antisocial behavior and hyperactivity. Narcissism, but not CU traits or impulsivity, was significantly related to lower nonverbal IQ. None of the three psychopathic trait dimensions moderated the relationship between verbal or nonverbal IQ and antisocial behavior. CU traits, narcissism, hyperactivity and inclusion in the very high or high risk samples were significantly related to more severe antisocial behavior. Results contradict the widely held view that psychopathic traits are associated with better than average verbal or nonverbal intelligence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Current knowledge regarding differences in verbal intelligence scores (VIQ) and performance intelligence scores (PIQ) in preterm born children is limited. As early motor performance may be essential for developing later visual-perceptual and visual-motor skills, early motor performance may be associated with PIQ. To evaluate whether in preterm born children motor performance at two years was associated with PIQ at eight years. Single-centre cohort study including 88 children born <30 weeks' gestation between 2007 and 2011, who completed the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III) at two years and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III-NL (WISC-III-NL) at eight years. Outcome measurements (mean (SD)) were gross and fine motor performance based on the BSID-III, and PIQ and VIQ based on the WISC-III-NL. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between motor performance at two years and PIQ at eight years. At two years, mean BSID-III gross motor scaled score was 9.0 (SD 3.0) and fine motor score was 11.5 (SD 2.3). At eight years, mean PIQ was 94.9 (SD 13.5) and mean VIQ 101.8 (SD 13.7). A one-point increase in fine motor scaled score was associated with 1.7 points (95% CI 0.5–2.8) increase in PIQ. Gross motor scaled score was not associated with PIQ. Fine motor performance in toddlerhood was related to PIQ at school age, with lower scores indicating a lower PIQ. Early assessment of fine motor performance may be beneficial in identifying children at risk for lower performance intelligence. • Toddler fine motor performance is associated with performance IQ in later childhood. • Early assessment of fine motor performance may help in identifying children at risk. • School-aged preterm born children had lower performance IQ than verbal IQ scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the Eysenck/Jensen ‘speed of neural processing’ theory of general ability by examining the relationship between general mental ability and speed of performing a simple, repetitive movement. Seventy psychology students were tested for intelligence using Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III. Motor speed was assessed by means of a tapping task in which two fingers tapped alternately. The expected positive correlations between speed scores and cognitive measures were obtained, with significant associations demonstrated between tapping speed and traditional Full-scale IQ, Verbal IQ and Raven’s Matrices scores. There was little evidence however of any association between motor speed and Performance IQ. These findings are consistent with other research, although the lack of correlation with WAIS-III Performance scores is surprising. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Current knowledge regarding differences in verbal intelligence scores (VIQ) and performance intelligence scores (PIQ) in preterm born children is limited. As early motor performance may be essential for developing later visual-perceptual and visual-motor skills, early motor performance may be associated with PIQ.Aims: To evaluate whether in preterm born children motor performance at two years was associated with PIQ at eight years.Methods: Single-centre cohort study including 88 children born <30 weeks' gestation between 2007 and 2011, who completed the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III) at two years and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III-NL (WISC-III-NL) at eight years. Outcome measurements (mean (SD)) were gross and fine motor performance based on the BSID-III, and PIQ and VIQ based on the WISC-III-NL. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between motor performance at two years and PIQ at eight years.Results: At two years, mean BSID-III gross motor scaled score was 9.0 (SD 3.0) and fine motor score was 11.5 (SD 2.3). At eight years, mean PIQ was 94.9 (SD 13.5) and mean VIQ 101.8 (SD 13.7). A one-point increase in fine motor scaled score was associated with 1.7 points (95% CI 0.5-2.8) increase in PIQ. Gross motor scaled score was not associated with PIQ.Conclusions: Fine motor performance in toddlerhood was related to PIQ at school age, with lower scores indicating a lower PIQ. Early assessment of fine motor performance may be beneficial in identifying children at risk for lower performance intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]