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• The MCKQ, a tool for assessing the knowledge of wwMS about motherhood, was updated. • The developed MPWQ measures attitude, worries and coping concerning pregnancy in MS. • The pilot study showed acceptable results regarding the psychometric properties. • Both questionnaires were appreciated by women with MS. Multiple sclerosis (MS) particularly affects women between the age of 20 and 40. Therefore, pregnancy is often an important issue for women with MS (wwMS), but misunderstandings, misinformation, and uncertainties about MS and pregnancy are common. We developed and pilot-tested two questionnaires, one on knowledge (MCKQ), and one on attitudes, coping strategies and worries (MPWQ) of wwMS regarding pregnancy. This mixed-methods study followed the MRC framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions. Two questionnaires were developed based on an earlier questionnaire and a qualitative study, cognitively debriefed and pilot tested in a web-based survey. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The psychometric analysis included item difficulty and reliability (for both questionnaires), convergent validity assessment and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (for MPWQ). The qualitative study (three focus groups and interviews with 15 wwMS overall and interviews with 4 experts) revealed several topics requiring evidence-based decision support. A multidisciplinary panel produced the 16-item MCKQ and the 39-item MPWQ. The cognitive debriefing of both questionnaires went smoothly. Of 128 wwMS who approached the survey, 95 (74%) completed the MCKQ and 89 (70%) the MPWQ. The mean age of wwMS was 36.7 years, 88% had a relapsing MS, and 32% had no children. Item difficulty, reliability and convergent validity were acceptable for both questionnaires. The EFA did not confirm the three-scale structure (attitude, worries and coping). The developed questionnaires fill a gap in self-reported measures of knowledge (MCKQ) and attitudes, worries, and coping strategies (MPWQ) of wwMS regarding motherhood. Further refinement of the MPWQ and validation in a larger sample is warranted before its large-scale use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In support of the energy and feedstock transition, new concepts of producing chemical building blocks are necessary. While currently ethylene is mainly produced from fossil feedstocks, this paper explores its production via the electrochemical conversion of CO 2. Different process routes were reviewed and a most promising route was selected based on Faradaic efficiency, current density, overpotential, and material availability. In this preferred route, syngas is produced electrochemically from CO 2 , which is then converted into methanol before the final conversion into ethylene and other high-value chemicals. On this preferred route, a design has been made which includes process design, unit design and a techno-economic evaluation, with CAPEX and OPEX included. Also the CO 2 emission is evaluated and it was found that a net consumption of 2.5 ton CO 2 per ton high-value chemical can be achieved. As expected, the investment and operational costs are very high with the applied price sets. However, when the electricity price decreases due to developments in renewable energy and a tax is implemented on CO 2 emissions, this process can become economically viable and can contribute to CO 2 emission reduction in view of climate change. [Display omitted] • Electrochemical CO 2 reduction could play a key role in reducing greenhouse gases. • Route was chosen based on carbon efficiency, electricity requirements and complexity. • Electrochemical syngas production, methanol formation and olefin production. • The electrolyzer is a stacked-cell system with a Nafion-424 cation exchange membrane. • Price of ethylene mainly dependent on CO 2 price, current density and electricity price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]